US2484081A - Electrical item comparing system - Google Patents

Electrical item comparing system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2484081A
US2484081A US483506A US48350643A US2484081A US 2484081 A US2484081 A US 2484081A US 483506 A US483506 A US 483506A US 48350643 A US48350643 A US 48350643A US 2484081 A US2484081 A US 2484081A
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potential
cycle
data
point
triode
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Arthur H Dickinson
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Priority to US483506A priority patent/US2484081A/en
Priority to GB12675/44A priority patent/GB595556A/en
Priority to FR941700D priority patent/FR941700A/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/02—Comparing digital values
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/78—Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q1/00—Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
    • H04Q1/18—Electrical details

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electrical system for determining the relative magnitude of values represented by electrical signals.
  • the values may be digits or alphabetic characters or other symbols to which value significance may be applied.
  • the values may be represented on suitable value sources such as settable value registers or record material on which the values may be represented by a suitable code.
  • the general object of the present invention is to provide such comparing means as will be practically inertialess and will embody solely electronic means having negligible inertia which may be disregarded completely in practice.
  • Another object is to provide electronic machine control means controlled by electronic comparison of values.
  • Another object is to provide electronic means for electronically, selectively manifesting comparison conditions.
  • Another object is to provide a plurality of electronic comparing means so related that a manifestation by one will supersede a manifestation by another of :the comparing means.
  • Another object is to provide electronic means capable of comparing alphabetic data, as well as numerical data.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the record controlled mechanism.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-4 of ma
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a wiring diagram of one of the electronic trigger circuits employed in the invention.
  • Figs. 6a and 6b comprise the wiring diagram of the record controlled embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. '7 is a timing chart for the latter embodiment.
  • Figs. 8a and 8b comprise the wiring diagram of a modification of the invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a timing diagram for the modification.
  • the invention is disclosed in connection with a main embodiment and a modification.
  • the main embodiment is a record-controlled machine and includes means to compare data designated on records and to control the machine accordin ly.
  • the modification comprises means to com pare data entered in or represented by data representing means. Such data representing means may beconsidered, for illustration, as manually settaole, but it will be evident that automatically settable data representing means may be used.
  • electronic means are provided to respond to data from corresponding columns of two data sources and to control an electronic comparison manifesting device for the columnar order.
  • the columnar comparison manifesting devices control a common comparison manifesting device according to comparison conditions in all the columns; that is, the common manifesting means manifests the comparison relation of the data in all orders.
  • the common comparison manifesting means will control continuation of operation of the machine or may control another desired operation automatically and selectively according to a comparison result. Further, a plurality of such control devices are embodied in the record-controlled machine, each relating to a different class of data. These 6011-. trol devices are so related that one will dominate another.
  • control device will be disclosed as manifesting by visible signals the difierent comparison conditions. It will be evident that other suitable manifestations may be effected.
  • Each of the plurality of control devices comprises a number of electronic tubes and related circuits for comparing data and for manifesting the agreement or non-agreement of data.
  • the manifesting means comprises discrete electronic units, also termed elements, each element including electronic tubes.
  • a number of such elements, termed denominational elements, equal to the number of columns of data to be compared are provided.
  • a common element, termed a class element is provided, for effecting an all-column manifestation under control of the elements which relate tothe separate columns.
  • Each element may have either an on or an off status. When an element is in off status following comparing operation, it indicates a condition of data agreement. When an element is in on status following a comparing operation, it indicates a condition of data disagreement,
  • the status of the denominational elements is regulated under control of record controlled entry means producing differentially timed impulses, each indicative of a determined entry.
  • a control device is provided in connection with each class of data.
  • Each device is capable of manifesting the agreement or non-agreement of its related class of data and is also capable of maintaining or interrupting the operation of the entry means.
  • classifying data and generally similar data may be divided into main and subordinate classes, provision is made in this invention whereby the manifestation of the control device related to the main class of control data supersedes the manifestations of the control devices related to the subordinate classes of control data and Whereby the manifestation of the control device related to the first subordinate class of control data supersedes the manifestation of the control device related to the second class of control data.
  • the record medium for controlling the record controlled entry means comprises a film upon which multidenominational control or classifying data and other data are recorded by means of code designations such as spots located at different positions.
  • the spot representations are scanned by light to, control photoelectric cells in electrical circuits whereby differentially. timed electrical impulses are produced, indicative of the control data to be entered into the control devices.
  • the film, upon which the differential spots are located is controlled by a feeding mechanism whose operation is manually initiated but is automatically terminated.
  • This mechanism includes two analyzing stations separated b a distance which is slightly less than the length of one film frame. From both of the first and second analyzing stations, classifying data are entered into the control devices. In this manner the items comprising classifying data upon two adjacent film frames are compared simultaneously for agreement or non-agreement. As long as all classifying data on successive film frames agree, film been chosen.
  • film feeding continues. When there is a disagreement between either the main or any of the subordinate classes of control data on adjacent film frames, film feeding is interrupted so that the type of control break, main or subordinate, may be observed. Film feeding is then resumed after one manual operation. This conditions the extra elements of the control devices which manifest a break in classifying data and initiates film feeding operations, which automatically continue until another disagreement in the classifying data on adjacent film frames is manifested.
  • Thi structure includes means to feed records and analyze them for data.
  • the record medium is a film F of which successive frames constitute successive records.
  • Fig. 2 shows five such frames designated l, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
  • the feed means is driven, through clutch means, by a motor M mounted on a base 50.
  • An upright frame membar 5! is carried by the base and supports the feeding and analyzing means. All of the structure is enclosed by a casing 52 having a door 53.
  • the film is wound on a supply reel 54 and fed by three similar pairs of feed sprockets 55 to a take-up reel 56.
  • the film is suitably guided and formed with loops as shown in Fig. 1.
  • a single clutch may be used to drive all three sprocket pairs. However, to reduce stress and inertia, a separate clutch is. used for each sprocket pair.
  • This clutch may be of any suitable construction and one such as disclosed in Patent 2,150,227 has Since the details of the clutch do notv enter into the invention, it will be briefly explained only in sofar as necessary to understand its present function.
  • the clutch is used in said patent as an accumulator actuator, its function here simply is to releasably connect a sprocket pair to the motor Mv for drive.
  • the drive part of the clutch is a rigid assembly of gear and ratchet 6
  • the driven part of the clutch includes a sleeve 63 j ournaled on rod 62 and to which one sprocket pair is fixed.
  • a detent disk 64 is fast onv the sleeve while a toothed disk 65 is Carried, in a manner not shown here, by disk 64 is a clutch dog 66.
  • a clutch lever 61 engages a tooth of disk 65 to prevent rotation of the driven part of the clutch.
  • the clutch lever When the clutch lever is rocked clockwise (Fig. l) by energization of a clutch magnet 68, it releases disk 65.
  • the disk thereupon permits clutch dog 66 to engage ratchet 6
  • the driven part of the clutch is thereby uncoupled from the drive part.
  • Gears 60 of the clutches are meshed with gears I0. The lowest gear I is driven by gearing II from motor M.
  • One-to-one gearing including a gear I2 (see Fig. 1), transmits drive from the lowest gear ID to the other two gears 10.
  • Rigid with gear 72 is a pulley I3 connected by a coil spring belt I4 to a pulley I5 on shaft I6 of the take-up reel 56. The reel is thereby urged constantly in take-up direction.
  • Feed sprockets 55 are of such size that in one tenth of a revolution they feed the film through one frame length. Since feed sprockets 55 are clutch-driven by ratchets BI, it follows that onetenth of a revolution of the ratchets 6
  • the film gate comprises a channeled guide plate I1 and a coacting pressure plate I8.
  • the plate I! is fixed to one end of a block I9, while the plate 78 is slidably carried by a confronting end of a block 80. Both blocks are of molded material and attached to frame member 5
  • the gate may be opened by retracting the pressure plate I8. This is efiected by manually rocking a lever 8
  • the analyzing means includes upper and lower designation sensing means. These are spaced apart slightly less than a frame length. Each sensing means is of the light responsive type including photocells and a light source. The cells of the upper sensing means are designated UP and those of the lower sensing means, LP. Upper and lower groups of quartz rods 84 and 85 are molded in the block 8!]. The upper group pertains to the upper analyzing means and the lower group to the lower analyzing means. Each rod terminates at its front end (right end) in alinement with a column of the film.
  • the rods 84 thus terminate in a single transverse line at one side of the upper sensing station, while rods 85 are similarly alined at their front ends at one side of the lower sensing station.
  • Each rod 84 conducts light passing through a designation position in one column of the film, at the upper sensing station, to one cell UP.
  • each rod 85 conducts light passing through a designation position in a column of the film, at the lower sensing station, to one cell LP.
  • the quartz rods 84 and 85 constitute one side of the upper and lower sensing means, respectively.
  • the other, coacting side of the sensing means includes a common light source consisting of an elongated lamp 86 carried by a socket 81 which is attached to frame member 5
  • Oscillatorsrec0rd controlled machine Pulses are utilized in this invention for various purposes.
  • One pulse may be required in any of the fourteen cycle portions which are defined by the cycle points of a cycle. Accordingly, pulses must be supplied at the same rate as the frequency of the cycle points.
  • the source of these pulses is preferably a main oscillator of the type known as a multivibrator. The duration of time corresponding to one cycle determines the base frequency of this oscillator, as will be clear from the previous explanation.
  • the multivibrator consists of a two-stage, resistance coupled amplifier in which the output of the second stage is fed back to the input of the first stage.
  • Such an oscillator is capable of producing either square-topped or saw-toothed waves, depending upon the portion of the oscillator from which the waves are derived.
  • the square-topped waves are employed herein because they are easily changed into pulses of extremely sharp wave front and short duration.
  • a voltage is supplied to lines I30 and I3I, and to a voltage divider consisting of resistances I32, I33, I34, and I35. Potential is also supplied by means of this divider to lines I36, I31, and I38, their potentials being positive with respect to each other in the order given and with respect to line I3I,
  • the oscillator, generally designated W comprises a duplex tube containing triodes I39a and I39b and associated resistances and condensers. The an- 7 odes of the respective triodes are connected to line its through load resistors a and Mill) and the common cathode is directly connected to line I3I.
  • the anode of triode I3 9a is coupled back to the grid of triode i39b by means of coupling condenser Mib which is also connected to line I3! through the grid leak resistance I422).
  • the anode of triode I392) is coupled back to the grid of triode I lIa, which is also connected to line I3I through the grid leak resistance MZa.
  • the normal bias of the grids of triodes I39a and I39b is zero.
  • Such an arrangement is unstable and oscillations are initiated by I a minute change of emission of either triode. Assuming that the current through I39a momentarily increases, there is produced across resist ance Mta an increased voltage drop and a decrease in potential across [3961.
  • the resulting negative pulse is fed through coupling condenser I lIb to the grid of triode I392), making it more negative.
  • Current through I391) is decreased, decreasing the voltage drop across resistance l mb and an increase in potential across I39b. This increase is equal to the original decrease across 939a multiplied by this tubes amplification factor and is thus much higher.
  • Coupling condenser Mia conveys this potential change to the grid of 539a making said grid much less negative with a resulting rapid increase in the current through I39a.
  • the voltage drop due to this increased current is in turn fed to I391) with cumulative re sults.
  • the current fiow through I390 is
  • Fig. '7 line a, diagrammatically illustrates the voltage oscillations (with respect to line IZ-SI) which occur at point MBa (Fig. 6a) and shows that they are square-topped in form and occur fourteen times per machine cycle.
  • line b illustrates the voltage oscillations (with respect to line ifiii) which. occur at point H531) (Fig. 6a) and also shows that they are square-topped in form and also occur fourteen times per cycle.
  • a rise in potential of point I i3b causes charging of condenser I45 and current flow through resistor I45 to line I38.
  • the rise in potential of I43 causes on I45 a positive pulse of extremely short duration having a steep wave front.
  • a decrease in the potential of M32) causes I44 to discharge and a negative pulse of the character just noted is thereby produced on M5. Since the rise and fall of I432) is constantly recurring, positive and negative pulses are continually produced on resistor I45, of the form shown in Fig. 7, line 0.
  • a resonant circuit comprising inductance I41 and condenser I48, in series with triode I461), between lines I30 and I36, is momentarily excited upon current flow in the triode, and oscillations are initiated in the resonant circuit.
  • the inductance I41 and condenser I48 are adjusted so that the period of oscillation is either equal to, or is a multiple or submultiple of the frequency with which I461) passes current.
  • the output of this resonant circuit is coupled by means of condenser I49 and resistor I50 to an amplifier II.
  • the output of this amplifier is of sinusoidal character and of suflicient power to drive motor M, when switch I52 is closed.
  • Trigger circuit A basic circuit, which is employed in this invention comprises electronic discharge means, illustrated in Fig. 4 as a plurality of triodes in one envelope, these triodes being associated with resistances and condensers as shown. These triodes are so interconnected in a circuit and operate in such a manner that the circuit assumes two conditions of stability. When one of the triodes is conducting, a large amount of current flows throu h it and the other triode is at shutoff. In other words. in one condition of stability, one of the triodes has a relatively low impedance and the other has a relatively high impedance. In the other condition of stability, the respective conditions of the two triodes is reversed.
  • Controlling impulses are applied to resistances and condensers associated with the circuit to cause the shift from one condition of stability to the other. Every other impulse brings the circuit to the ori inal condition of stability.
  • Such an arrangement of vacuum tubes and associated circuits is herein termed a trig er circuit, and voltage variations therein, which are determined by the conditions of stability, may be employed for various controlling purposes.
  • the trigger circuit (Fig. 4) comprises two impedance networks.
  • One network includes resistances 1611a. 1611:. and I621), resistance I6Ia being shunted by coupling condenser I63a.
  • Triode I641) is connected in parallel between the junction of resistances I6Ila and 16!!) and line I36.
  • the second impedance network consists of resistances I661), I 6Ib and I621), resistance I6Ib being shunted by coupling condenser I631).
  • the triode I640 is connected in parallel between the junction of resistances Ib and I 611) and I 36.
  • Resistances 166a and I601) are equal in value as are resistances I Glu and I6I1), and resistances 62a and I621).
  • a Condenser I61a is connected in series with a resistance 168a and the latter terminates at point Ifita.
  • a condenser I611) is connected in series with a resistance I681) and the latter terminates at point I661).
  • Condensers 161a and I611) serve to couple resistors I681). and I681) respectively to sources of steep pulses, not shown in Fig. 4. In the absence of any pulses on resistors I660. and I681), the potentials of points H561; and I661) remain at the values determined by the condition of stability described above.
  • This pulse is fed through condenser !63a to the grid of IBM, effecting a sudden increase in the negative grid bias thereof, and reducing current flow through I64a and resistance 1613b.
  • Point I651) accordingly, rises in potential, with respect to line I 36 to produce a positive pulse which is fed through condenser I 6 31) to the grid of I641), changing its grid bias to substantially zero. Since, as just described, the potential of I651) has now risen and that of 165a has now dropped, triodes I64a and I641) assume a condition of stability which is the reverse of that originally described; namely, I64a is now at shut-offwh-ile I641) passes a large amount of current.
  • the new status of the trigger circuit is maintained until a positive pulse is ap plied to resistances I631! and Itiia. When this occurs, the resulting negative grid bias reduction of l-ii ia causes increased current flow therethrough, and the trigger circuit is returned to the former condition of stability.
  • the positive pulse will, therefore, have substantially lost its eiiect when the negative pulse applied via con-denser I631]. is still effective. It requires only a minute change in conductivity of triode H541) to start the triggering action which continues in a regenerative manner until the circult is fully triggered in the same way as when a positive pulse is applied only'to the grid of triode I6-4b. Just as the circuit is triggered, when positive pulses are applied concurrently, from the status in which point I'S'Eib is at low potential to the status which this point is at high potential, the circuit may be triggered back to its former status when the positive pulses are next applied concurrently to the grids of the triodes.
  • I64a passes a large amount of current While I641) is shut ofil.
  • the new status of the trigger circuit ismaintained until another negative pulse. is. applied to I68a and I62a.. When this occurs. the resulting. grid bias increase of IBM causes decreased. current flow therethrough, and the trigger circuit is returned to first condition of stability.
  • Pulses are applied to some of the elements via condensers and resistors such as IB'Ia and I6") and H581; and I681) of Fig. 4. Ready identification of the purpose of these parts will be afforded by designating the similar parts wherever they appear by the general reference numbers I61 and IE8 followed by one or more letters a or b.
  • the pulses applied to the points ISBa and IE6! of an element should be of steep wave form.
  • the R. C. product of the value of resistances such as IBM and I620. and the value of the capacity of an associated condenser such as IBM should not exceed one-fifth the R. C. product of resistance IBIa and condenser I63a. The effect of these relative time constants is to prevent a single pulse from causing more than one change on the state of the element or trigger circuit.
  • the film F is inserted in the record feeding mechanism (Section 2) so that the leading edge of frame I is about to pass the lower sensing station. With such adjustment, it is seen that frame 2 is about to pass the upper sensing station I I0.
  • a voltage divider comprising resistors I89 and I90 is connected between lines I39 and I3I.
  • switches I92, I93, I94, and I are in the position shown, thus affording circuit connections for condensers I96, ti l, 598, and I99 between a point 299 on the aforementioned voltage divided and I3I. circuit arrangement and with the switches positioned as shown, the condensers I96 to I99 are each charged to a potential equal to that across resistor I90.
  • element T is a trigger circuit such as described in Section 4, when it is switched on its point I651) remains at relatively high po-- tential and triode I461; remains conductive and clutch magnets 68 remain continuously energized, until element T is switched to off status.
  • Fig. 6a shows the six cells LP and six cells UP to sense the classification data at the lower and upper sensing stations. Each cell is similarly connected into a control circuit which determines the current flow through an electronic unit.
  • the units relating to the two cells LP and UP which sense corresponding columns are in parallel with each other and connected to a common load resistor. Impulses are produced on this resistor upon changes in current flow through the connected tubes. These impulses control the switching of a deinoninational control element from one status to another.
  • the denominational control elements relating to the same class each control a common class control element.
  • the condition of the class element determines whether an agreement has been found in all the orders of the class of data.
  • the major class control element dominates the intermediate and minor class control elements, and the intermediate element also dominates the minor class element.
  • the lower and upper sensing stations are slightly less than a frame length apart. It follows that with respect to two like designation spots on successive frames, the spot With this on the leading frame will be sensed slightly before the spot on the following frame. In other words, since one cycle is required for travel of each frame across a sensing station, the spot on the leading frame will be sensed at a time of the cycle Which is just previous to the time at which the spot on the following frame will be sensed. With the film adjusted in the manner previously described in this section, a spot on the leading frame will be sensed substantially at an exact cycle point while a corresponding spot on the following frame will be sensed a slight fraction of a cycle portion later.
  • parts may be distinguished as follows:
  • U and L denote relation of the parts to upper and lower sensing means;
  • letters A, B, C denote major, intermediate, and minor class relations; and
  • letters t and it denote tens and units orders.
  • Figs 6a and 6b the major, intermediate, and minor class control elements are designated, respectively, Ar, Br, and Cr.
  • the denominational control elements associated with element Act are designated At and Au.
  • the denominational elements associated with the intermediate class element 1350 are designated Bt and Bu, and those" associated with element C2: are designated Ct and Cu.
  • the control triodes for the denominational. element At are designated LlAt and UlAt.
  • the common load resistor connected to these triodes is designated EAL
  • the similar intermediate class parts are designated LlBt, UlBt, and Hit, and the similar minor class parts are designated LlCt, UiCt, and 2Ct.
  • the cell is connected by a plugwire 884 to a resistance I85. This resistance is tapped at a chosen point 186 by a wire it! leading to the grid of triode LIAt.
  • the cathode of the triode is connected to line I36 while resistance I85 terminates at line [31.
  • the cell is of the type whose impedance is lowered by light falling thereon. When the cell is illuminated, its impedance is low and the potential at point we is substantially the same as that of line The grid bias of triode LlAt is then approximately zero, and there is substantially maximum current flow through the triode. When light to the cell is obscured, the cell impedance is high, and the potential at point I86 is approximately the same as that of line ltl.
  • triode L-lAt The grid bias of triode L-lAt is then high, and current flow in triode is rapidly curtailed. It should be understood that the cell reacts extremely rapidly to a change light falling thereon and causes a correspondingly rapid change in the cur-- rent flow through the related tube and, hence, of its impedance.
  • lines 11, u, 5 k, n, q, r, u, y, and z of Fig. 7 graphically represent high and low potential states of points i661) or points i551) or on and ofi states of the trigger circuits.- or elements, the on state being indicated by the high part and the off state by the low part of the graph relating to an element.
  • Lines e, f, i, and other lines of Fig. '7 relating to eFectronic discharge units, such at LlAt, graphically represent high and low current.
  • triode .InAt.v This action occurs at the 9.1"timeof the cycle II, assindicatedby line-e (ii/Fig; 7 Theincreased: impedance of. triode IiiAtu causes substantially,
  • cycle II shows that element At, after completion of the first switching sequence, remains in off status mid-way of the cycle. portion between cycle points 9 and 8.
  • Suchattained status is a manifestation of matching data in corresponding columns of two successive film frames.
  • the configuration of a. designation spot is such that in its passage through a sensing-statiomit interrupts the light to the related photocell for slightly more than half the cycle portion between? two successive cycle'points.
  • the9'spot in the tens order of the major field of frame I leaves the lower station shortly after the. midway point between the cycle points sandfi.
  • the related cell LP is again illuminated at.
  • Thefir-stdesignation-sensed will be the one corresponding to a higher value; Each designation, when-sensed, willturn on' the denominational elenient w'hich will then stay on until this same designation leaves the sensing station.
  • the desigii'aticm spot is of such length as to require more thari'h'alf a c ycle portion to cross the sensm station. Hence, the element will remain on In a manner explained later, this-condition of the element at such; mid-indexpoint time causes a disagreement of data to be manifested.”
  • This manifestation will :be eff'ectedasrthe higher value representing? spot of the two non-matching spots crosses-asensing station. Such spot may be either on the leading-or the" following frame.
  • Point lfili'b'of element Atfl is connected to the gridof a tube -3At Whenelement At is off, point 5551s at low potential and the grid bias of the tube3Atis high. Under this condition, there is substantially. no current flow through the tube;
  • points i665 of the other control elements arefconnectedto the grids of related tubes. Aswill :be' xplained later in this section;Iwlin'currerit"flowdo'es'exist in one or more of these tubes at mid-points of cycle portions, conditions of non-agreement in classifying data are manifested and one or more of the elements A02, Br, and C: are shifted to on status.
  • the control grid (hereinafter termed grid) of tube 5A is connected to line I36, as is the cathode of this tube.
  • line I36 The control grid (hereinafter termed grid) of tube 5A is connected to line I36, as is the cathode of this tube.
  • grid The control grid (hereinafter termed grid) of tube 5A is connected to line I36, as is the cathode of this tube.
  • tube 5A is always maintained at zero bias, and variations in current flow therethrough are controlled solely by changes in its screen voltage. Since this screen voltage is now low, current flow through tube 5A and its load resistance 6A is relatively small and, therefore, the drop in potential across the latter resistance is small.
  • the screen of a tube IA is connected to point 269 of resistor 6A.
  • the grid of tube IA is connected to wire 2 I 0 which extends to a point on resistance I45 on which, as explained before in Section 3, is continually produced the steep pulses, as shown in line 0 of Fig. 7.
  • the cathode of tube IA is connected to line I35 and resistance I45 terminates at line I38.
  • the difference in potential between lines I36 and I38 is the normal grid bias of tube 1A.
  • This grid bias is sufiicient to maintain this tube at shutoff for the values of screen potential which are utilized. It is only when both the screen voltage of tube IA is at high value and the grid bias of said tube is reduced by a positive pulse appearing on resistance I45 that there is current flow through the tube.
  • control element causes a related class, control element,. such as. A31, to shift also to on status, Finally. it. has. been shown that element, Ana. when. turned on, shifts.
  • Ct, and Cu are similarly operated upona condition of disagreement. in; the relatedorders. sufficient to state that such operation of each. element is a turning on and off of the element during acycle portionundier control of only. one of the non-matching designations of the related order...
  • This. cycle portion. is the one which is indicated by the higher ofthe twn non-matching valueswhich may, be; either onthe-leading frame or the followin frame.
  • the-midpoint of such- Ca to be turned. on. If the classelement has been turned on previously in the same cycle under control of onesuch tube related theretothe action of the other related tube-hasno; effect. theclass element simply. remaining, in on state: For in.-

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US483506A 1943-04-17 1943-04-17 Electrical item comparing system Expired - Lifetime US2484081A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL73141D NL73141C (fr) 1943-04-17
US483506A US2484081A (en) 1943-04-17 1943-04-17 Electrical item comparing system
GB12675/44A GB595556A (en) 1943-04-17 1944-07-03 Improvements in or relating to electrical item comparing system
FR941700D FR941700A (fr) 1943-04-17 1946-07-12 Perfectionnement à un dispositif de comparaison de valeurs

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US2609143A (en) * 1948-06-24 1952-09-02 George R Stibitz Electronic computer for addition and subtraction
US2615127A (en) * 1949-09-17 1952-10-21 Gen Electric Electronic comparator device
US2624507A (en) * 1945-09-27 1953-01-06 Ibm Electronic calculating machine
US2641696A (en) * 1950-01-18 1953-06-09 Gen Electric Binary numbers comparator
US2738874A (en) * 1949-01-31 1956-03-20 Ibm Record controlled machine
US2785388A (en) * 1954-12-08 1957-03-12 Int Standard Electric Corp Apparatus and method for comparing recorded information
US2789759A (en) * 1949-06-22 1957-04-23 Nat Res Dev Electronic digital computing machines
US2845530A (en) * 1953-09-28 1958-07-29 Elmer J Wade Pulse sorter
US2873912A (en) * 1946-10-23 1959-02-17 Bush Vannevar Electronic comparator
DE1052718B (de) * 1951-09-24 1959-03-12 Bull Sa Machines Vorrichtung zum Vergleichen von zwei Zahlen
DE1077903B (de) * 1950-05-17 1960-03-17 Int Computers & Tabulators Ltd Vorrichtung zur photoelektrischen Abfuehlung von kartenfoermigen Aufzeichnungstraegern

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2700755A (en) * 1951-11-09 1955-01-25 Monroe Calculating Machine Keyboard checking circuit

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US1763033A (en) * 1928-01-21 1930-06-10 Tabulating Machine Co Automatic control system
US1787719A (en) * 1928-01-24 1931-01-06 Tabulating Machine Co Automatic control system
US1844950A (en) * 1929-05-21 1932-02-16 Rca Corp Automatic transmitter
US1933349A (en) * 1927-04-22 1933-10-31 Ibm Automatic control system for tabulators
US1976617A (en) * 1933-05-23 1934-10-09 Ibm Tabulating machine
US2106342A (en) * 1936-06-20 1938-01-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electric discharge tube circuits
US2199547A (en) * 1932-07-02 1940-05-07 Ibm Record perforating device
US2211942A (en) * 1937-03-10 1940-08-20 Emi Ltd Circuit arrangement for separating electrical signal pulses
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US2325941A (en) * 1939-07-25 1943-08-03 Ibm Statistical machine

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US1933349A (en) * 1927-04-22 1933-10-31 Ibm Automatic control system for tabulators
US1763033A (en) * 1928-01-21 1930-06-10 Tabulating Machine Co Automatic control system
US1787719A (en) * 1928-01-24 1931-01-06 Tabulating Machine Co Automatic control system
US1844950A (en) * 1929-05-21 1932-02-16 Rca Corp Automatic transmitter
US2199547A (en) * 1932-07-02 1940-05-07 Ibm Record perforating device
US1976617A (en) * 1933-05-23 1934-10-09 Ibm Tabulating machine
US2106342A (en) * 1936-06-20 1938-01-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electric discharge tube circuits
US2211942A (en) * 1937-03-10 1940-08-20 Emi Ltd Circuit arrangement for separating electrical signal pulses
US2254933A (en) * 1937-05-27 1941-09-02 Ibm Record controlled machine
US2294734A (en) * 1938-05-11 1942-09-01 Ibm Statistical machine
US2302009A (en) * 1939-03-25 1942-11-17 Ibm Transmission system for statistical data
US2325941A (en) * 1939-07-25 1943-08-03 Ibm Statistical machine
US2320338A (en) * 1941-11-18 1943-06-01 Ibm Verifying machine

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2624507A (en) * 1945-09-27 1953-01-06 Ibm Electronic calculating machine
US2873912A (en) * 1946-10-23 1959-02-17 Bush Vannevar Electronic comparator
US2609143A (en) * 1948-06-24 1952-09-02 George R Stibitz Electronic computer for addition and subtraction
US2738874A (en) * 1949-01-31 1956-03-20 Ibm Record controlled machine
US2789759A (en) * 1949-06-22 1957-04-23 Nat Res Dev Electronic digital computing machines
US2615127A (en) * 1949-09-17 1952-10-21 Gen Electric Electronic comparator device
US2641696A (en) * 1950-01-18 1953-06-09 Gen Electric Binary numbers comparator
DE1077903B (de) * 1950-05-17 1960-03-17 Int Computers & Tabulators Ltd Vorrichtung zur photoelektrischen Abfuehlung von kartenfoermigen Aufzeichnungstraegern
DE1052718B (de) * 1951-09-24 1959-03-12 Bull Sa Machines Vorrichtung zum Vergleichen von zwei Zahlen
US2845530A (en) * 1953-09-28 1958-07-29 Elmer J Wade Pulse sorter
US2785388A (en) * 1954-12-08 1957-03-12 Int Standard Electric Corp Apparatus and method for comparing recorded information

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL73141C (fr)
FR941700A (fr) 1949-01-18
GB595556A (en) 1947-12-09

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