Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
  • C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)

Definitions

• This invention relates to mono-bromo-aromatic hydrocarbons for use as scavengers with lead antiknock compounds.
• the bromo-hydrocarbons may be used alone in fuels generally, and are preferred for use in aviation fuels.
• a preferred motor fuel contains both bromoand chloro-hydrocarbon scavengers.
• our invention is a mixture of one or more of our bromo-hydrocarbons with one or more chimp-hydrocarbons having a particular vapor pressure.
• Scavengers are materials employed with lead antiknock compounds in fuels for internal combustion engines to produce, during combustion, volatile lead compounds which are exhausted from the engine. Scavengers reduce the amount of less volatile lead compounds which otherwise form during combustion and collect on engine parts. For satisfactory operation of an engine employing leaded gasoline, it is essential that a scavenger be used. Commercially used scavengers are ethylene dibromide and ethylene dichloride.
• Our invention is the use as scavengers of monobromo-derivatives of benzene.
• this invention relates to monobromo-derivatives of alkyl benzenes having eight carbon atoms, in which the bromine atom is attached to the benzene nucleus such as monobromo-xlylenes and mono-bromoethylbenzenes.
• Our invention also includes the use of these scavengers with chloro-hydrocarbons having a vapor pressure at 50 C. of substantially 0.2 to 6 millimeters of. mercury.
• mono-bromoalkylbenzene derivatives within the scope of our invention may be mentioned the following:
• the quantity of scavenger theoretically required for reaction with the lead to form the lead halide which quantity is two atoms of halogen per atom of lead, is called one theory of halogen.
• Present practice is to use one theory of bromine in aviation fuels, while for motor fuels one-half theory of bromine plus one theory of chlorine is used.
• the scavengers were used in amounts providing the number of theories of halogen employed in commercial practice.
• our compounds possess the other desirable properties mentioned above.
• the scavengers of our invention have evaporation characteristics under the conditions existing in the intake manifold sufliciently close to those of tetraethyllead. This ensures good distribution of the scavenger relative to tetraethyllead between the diiferent cylinders of the engine and avoids the harmful effects caused either by an excess or a deficiencyin the theories of halogen for the lead in any cylinder.
• ethylene dibromide and ethylene dichloride have vapor pressure so much higher than that of tetraethyllead that they tend to give relatively poor patterns of distribution. Measurements made during operation of an engine show the marked superiority of our scavengers to ethylene dibromide and ethylene dichloride in this respect.
• the manifold liquid contained 0.85 theory of the scavenger, which is near enough to the ideal value to assure the attainment of very close to 1.00 theory in the total input to each cylinder.
• This performance illustrates the improvement in distribution relative to the lead antiknock compound which can occur with our scavengers.
• the storage stability of antiknock fluids containing scavengers is highly important in the shipping and storage of such fluids, either alone or in gasolines.
• lead salts are either precipitated or remain in solution in the fluid, from which they may precipitate when the fluid is blended with gasoline. Decomposition is accompanied by evolution of gas which causes pressure to be built up in the containing drum or tank car.
• the bromo-aromatic and chloro-hydrocarbon scavengers of our invention are generally superior to ethylene dibromide and ethylene dichloride in respect to storage stability.
• our scavengers may be used with lead compounds other than tetraethyllead, such as tetrapropyllead, dimethyldiethyllead, and methyltriethyllead.
• the scavenger may be one of our bromohydrocarbons or a mixture of two .or more of them, a mixture of one bromohydrocarbon with one chloro-hydrocarbon, or a mixture of two or more bromohydrocarbons with two or more chlorohydrocarbons. It is custom ary to make a blend of the lead antiknock compound and the scavenger and then to add this mixture to a gasoline. However, the scavenger and the antiknock compound may be added sepa-- rately to the fuel.
• Our scavengers may be used in admixture with one another as well as in admixture with other scavengers.
• An antiknock composition consisting essentially of a lead antiknock compound and a scavenger in an amount sufllcient to reduce the deposition of lead in the engine by forming volatile lead compounds, a principal active scavenging ingredient of which is a mono-bromoalkylbenzene having eight carbon atoms and having the bromine atom attached to the benzene ring.
• An antiknock composition consisting essentially oi tetraethyllead and a scavenger in an amount suflicient to reduce the deposition of lead in the engine by forming volatile lead compounds.
• An antiknock composition consisting essentially of tetraethyllead and a scavenger in an amount sufiicient to reduce the deposition of lead in the engine by forming volatile lead compounds, a principal active scavenging ingredient of which is a mono-bromo-xylene.
• An antiknock composition consisting essentially of tetraethyllead and a scavenger, in an amount sufficient to reduce the deposition of lead in the engine by forming volatile lead compounds, the principal active scavenging ingredient of which is a monobromo-ethylbenzene having the bromine atom attached to the benzene ring.
• An antiknock composition consisting essentially of a lead antiknock compound and a mixture oi scavengers each of which is present in an amount sufilcient to reduce the deposition of lead in the engine by forming volatile lead compounds, the principal active ingredients of which are a mono-bromo-alkylbenzene having eight carbon atoms and having the bromine atom attached to the benzene ring, and a chlorohydrocarbon having a vapor pressure at 50 C. of substantially 0.2 to 6 millimeters of mercury.
• a composition or matter consisting essentially of a lead alkyl anti-knock compound and a monobromo alkylbenzene having eight carbon atoms and having the bromine atom attached to the benzene ring, in a proportion in the range providing 0.8-1.5 mols of bromine per mol of lead.
• the chloro-hydrocarbon scavenger is 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
• An antiknock composition consisting essentially of a lead antiknock compound and a mixture of scavengers each of which is present in an amount suificient to reduce the deposition of lead in the engine by forming volatile lead compounds, the principal active ingredients of which are mono-bromoxylene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=21918930

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (3)

Citations (3)

• 0
  • BE BE489834D patent/BE489834A/xx unknown
• 1948
  • 1948-07-31 US US41897A patent/US2479901A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (3)

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