US2476551A - Apparatus and method for aerating concrete - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for aerating concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2476551A US2476551A US743659A US74365947A US2476551A US 2476551 A US2476551 A US 2476551A US 743659 A US743659 A US 743659A US 74365947 A US74365947 A US 74365947A US 2476551 A US2476551 A US 2476551A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- air
- concrete
- chamber
- pressure
- pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100127891 Caenorhabditis elegans let-4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002969 artificial stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatine Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])N(C)CC([O-])=O CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/50—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles of expanded material, e.g. cellular concrete
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/11—Molding styropor using steam probes-batch
Definitions
- My invention relates to a new method and apparatus for treating concrete and other hydraulic cement mixtures after being poured in place for hardening.
- the object of my invention is therefore to provide a method an apparatus for creating air cells within a plastic concrete mass. I accomplish this result by injecting compressed air into the wet concrete, using an air pressure equal to or higher than the fluid pressure of the concrete at the depth at which the air injection is applied, while simultaneously controlling and varying the air pressure to proper operating compressions. The proportion of voids and total volume of treated concrete is controlled by varying the duration of air injection.
- My preferred apparatus is designed to create air pressure inside an enclosed chamber and is preferably made of rigid metal construction. This processing tool is adapted to be submerged in freshly poured concrete and is provided with perforations through which compressed air is injected into the concrete.
- the compressed air which escapes through the perforations, may be dispersed thoughout the concrete mass by moving the tool horizontally or vertically or in a rotational manner during the processing operations.
- the volume of the mass is thus increased in proportion to the volume of the entrapped air.
- My preferred apparatus is also provided with an air outlet at the bottom of the air chamber leading to a pipe riser which connects to the atmosphere and a vent valve is provided at the top of the outlet pipe to control the outflow of the air.
- Figure l is a section through my preferred hand operated apparatus for treating deep concrete.
- Figure -2 is a section through my preferred hand operated apparatus for treating slab concrete.
- Figure 3 is a cross section on the lines 3-3 of Figures 1 and 2 on an enlarged scale showing the perforated part of the compression cham-' ber.
- Figure 4 is a cross section on the lines 4-4 of Figures 1 and 2 on an enlarged scale through the upper part of the compression chamber.
- Figure 1 denotes my apparatus for treating deep concrete, which is preferably made of rigid metal tube construction. It comprises a flexible hose line I connected to an air compressor, not shown on the drawing, an entrance pipe 2 to the tubular body 6, which is provided with an air valve 3 and an opening 4 to the annular elongated compression chamber 5.
- the perforations 9 are provided in the lower portion of pipe 6 and inside the pipe a screen 10 is placed so as to prevent solid materials from entering the chamber through the perforations.
- An air pressure gauge 8 is preferably connected to the upper part of chamber 5.
- the outlet pipe l2 runs through the tubular body 6 with a restricted opening ll close to the bottom I of the chamber 5 and it is shown secured to the upper end of the tubular body 6 by the connection I3.
- An air vent valve I4 is placed at the upper end of the out let pipe [2 and a flexible exhaust hose 15 may be attached to pipe I! when desired.
- the trol valve and I9 is the entrance opening to the upper part of the compression chamber.
- the compression chamber is composed of three parts, the top part 20 inside the tubular handle 23, the annular elongated duct 2
- the compressed air enters part 20 of the compression chamber and flows through the duct 2
- An air pressure gaugc"---' 21 is shown connected to the upper. endnof: the chamber.
- are insertedjnq the lateral extensions 25 and reach close to the 15 ends 26 thereof so as to form a restrict-eddnlet W thereto.
- the branch pipes combine intoa. riser. pipe 32 which is provided with a connection 33 to the tubular handle 23.
- An air vent valvewfli is placed at the end of the pipe 32 to which an exhaust-hose 35-may be attached.
- the operator canreadily am just the compression to suit the known physical properties of the particular type of cement mix ture being treated. This is done by observing the: pressurefindicated on-the gaugeand. varying the, pressure by meanswof-the air outlet valve.
Description
July 19, 1949. 2,476,551
I APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR AERATING CONCRETE J. G. A. JOJHNSON Filed April 24, 19 47 IN VEN TOR.
' ordinary concrete.
Patented July 19, 1949 UNITED STATES, PATENT OFFICE" APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR AERATING CONCRETE John Gunnar AmandusJohnson, New York, N. Y. Application April 24, 194171, Serial No, 743,659
3 Claims. (01.. 25-1) My invention relates to a new method and apparatus for treating concrete and other hydraulic cement mixtures after being poured in place for hardening.
' It is known that pores or cells within a concrete mass increase the insulating properties of concrete and decrease its weight. My proposed treatment produces a concrete which contains a multitude of air cells distributed in its mass and it holds therefore improved qualities against heat, cold and sound transmission as compared with- Due to its cellular structure it also weighs less than untreated concrete composed of the same kind of aggregates. The treatment to which I propose-to subject hydraulic [cement mixtures before setting is applicable to wall and slab construction poured in situ and to precast concrete and artificial stone products. My proposed method of treatment also offers effective means of attaining and controlling the degree of porosity desired for different requirements and different types of applications. a p
The object of my invention is therefore to provide a method an apparatus for creating air cells within a plastic concrete mass. I accomplish this result by injecting compressed air into the wet concrete, using an air pressure equal to or higher than the fluid pressure of the concrete at the depth at which the air injection is applied, while simultaneously controlling and varying the air pressure to proper operating compressions. The proportion of voids and total volume of treated concrete is controlled by varying the duration of air injection. My preferred apparatus is designed to create air pressure inside an enclosed chamber and is preferably made of rigid metal construction. This processing tool is adapted to be submerged in freshly poured concrete and is provided with perforations through which compressed air is injected into the concrete. The compressed air, which escapes through the perforations, may be dispersed thoughout the concrete mass by moving the tool horizontally or vertically or in a rotational manner during the processing operations. The volume of the mass is thus increased in proportion to the volume of the entrapped air. My preferred apparatus is also provided with an air outlet at the bottom of the air chamber leading to a pipe riser which connects to the atmosphere and a vent valve is provided at the top of the outlet pipe to control the outflow of the air. Thereby the operator has a ready means of regulating the air pressure in the chamber from a maximum pressure obtained with the outlet pipe closed to a minimum pressure with an open outlet. This arrangement permits wide variations in the compression of the air that is injected into the concrete and the operator can thus at all times quickly change the compression in the air chamber to an operating pressure corresponding to the submerged depth of the tool. Any mixing water that should accidentally enter the air chamber can readily be ejected by a free flow of air through the outlet pipe. I 1 Two forms which my invention may assume are exemplified in the following description and illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure lis a section through my preferred hand operated apparatus for treating deep concrete.
Figure -2 is a section through my preferred hand operated apparatus for treating slab concrete.
1 Figure 3 is a cross section on the lines 3-3 of Figures 1 and 2 on an enlarged scale showing the perforated part of the compression cham-' ber.
Figure 4 is a cross section on the lines 4-4 of Figures 1 and 2 on an enlarged scale through the upper part of the compression chamber.
' iInthe drawing where like reference numbers designate corresponding parts Figure 1 denotes my apparatus for treating deep concrete, which is preferably made of rigid metal tube construction. It comprises a flexible hose line I connected to an air compressor, not shown on the drawing, an entrance pipe 2 to the tubular body 6, which is provided with an air valve 3 and an opening 4 to the annular elongated compression chamber 5. The perforations 9 are provided in the lower portion of pipe 6 and inside the pipe a screen 10 is placed so as to prevent solid materials from entering the chamber through the perforations. An air pressure gauge 8 is preferably connected to the upper part of chamber 5. The outlet pipe l2 runs through the tubular body 6 with a restricted opening ll close to the bottom I of the chamber 5 and it is shown secured to the upper end of the tubular body 6 by the connection I3. An air vent valve I4 is placed at the upper end of the out let pipe [2 and a flexible exhaust hose 15 may be attached to pipe I! when desired.
In Figure 2, which illustrates my apparatus for treating slab concrete, l6 denotes a flexible hose line connected. to an air compressor, not shown on the drawing, I! an entrance pipe connected to the tubular handle 23, I8 is an air con.
trol valve and I9 is the entrance opening to the upper part of the compression chamber. The compression chamber is composed of three parts, the top part 20 inside the tubular handle 23, the annular elongated duct 2| and the two sym- 5 metrical lateral extentions 22. The compressed air enters part 20 of the compression chamber and flows through the duct 2| down into the lower horizontal extensionsa22, the WallsZSof which are provided with perforations 28' and a screen 10 29 is placed so as to prevent solid materials from entering the chamber 22. An air pressure gaugc"---' 21 is shown connected to the upper. endnof: the chamber. The branch pipes 3| are insertedjnq the lateral extensions 25 and reach close to the 15 ends 26 thereof so as to form a restrict-eddnlet W thereto. The branch pipes combine intoa. riser. pipe 32 which is provided with a connection 33 to the tubular handle 23. An air vent valvewfli is placed at the end of the pipe 32 to which an exhaust-hose 35-may be attached. a
The operation-of my preferred apparatu-s'isas follows: The air compressor; isstarted and the air. valve'on-the.entrance line is opened; The air, is compressed into the .air chamber and as the tool. islowered intothe concrete the air= escapes into.the;m-ix through-the small openings-inthe airchamber wall. The operator canreadily am just the compression to suit the known physical properties of the particular type of cement mix ture being treated. This is done by observing the: pressurefindicated on-the gaugeand. varying the, pressure by meanswof-the air outlet valve. It is a known fact that when-1ccm ipressed=airv is injectedinto water through a; small opening 3 the air will enter the .water: as a, .train'of bubbles. The same action takes place in my preferredatool when-:the air.pressurerissrightly adjusted; However, withoutdeparting. from :the scope; oflmy; invention, a more positive insurance for a bubbling a-irrinjection isprovided for inn a. tool inswhich a pulsating; air pressureis. created? I prefer; to cause-such a pulsatingjairinjeotiorr byg'either: a rotating valve element or a reciprocating piston action that intermittently; admits the air. into the tool chamber. The-tool: is; preferablyamoved back andforth. or up andsdown in the=plastic concrete and may be. provided with:a;rotatings.air chamber in order to :still .further; aid thee distri= bution ofrthe ainbubbl'es.
Itais to be .noted thatiI 'doznotlimitmy inventionto thevforms shownon' the'drawing-as itis' Having" now described my invention, What claim as' new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent as follows:
* 1. The method to aerate a plastic concrete mix prior; to; its: setting characterized by injecting compressed air into the concrete mass by creating alternating low and high pressures, the low pressure substantially equal to or lower than the fluid pressure. in the concrete and the high pressure higher than the fluid pressure therein, While controlling-the pressure of the air that is injected into the concrete.
2.. The method. to aerate a plastic concrete mix priorato: its setting; characterized byv injecting compressed air into the: concretemass by; creatin alternating low and high pressuresathe: low pressiu-esubstantially equal to 'or' lowerzthanz the fiuidLpressure in the concreteand thehigh pressurerhigherr than the fluid pressure therein; while controlling the pressureof. the air-that is injected into the concrete and moving vthe;air'rinjection. to further the distribution of thecompres-sed: air; 3.. Anapparatus adapted to: injectlcompressed airinto a plastic concrete mass priortoits'setting comprising. in combination an airrchamber, a periora'ted Wall thereof: to contact: the concrete; a screen-erfor. the perforations; an outlet linefrom the bottom thereof, asrestricte'd'inletrtosaid line and an airroontrohoutle't' valve;
a J. GUNNAR'TALJOHNSON.
REFERENCES CITED The following; references are of record inthe file of thispatent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date" 13702.076 Ericson Feb. 12, 1929 2,215.223 Lytle Sept; 17.31940 212515687 Norton Aug. 5,- 1941 FOREIGN- PATEN IS Number Country Date L813 Great Britain July 31', 1856
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US743659A US2476551A (en) | 1947-04-24 | 1947-04-24 | Apparatus and method for aerating concrete |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US743659A US2476551A (en) | 1947-04-24 | 1947-04-24 | Apparatus and method for aerating concrete |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2476551A true US2476551A (en) | 1949-07-19 |
Family
ID=24989645
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US743659A Expired - Lifetime US2476551A (en) | 1947-04-24 | 1947-04-24 | Apparatus and method for aerating concrete |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2476551A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3055077A (en) * | 1958-04-10 | 1962-09-25 | Ben C Gerwick Inc | Method for the manufacture of concrete structures |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1702076A (en) * | 1927-10-14 | 1929-02-12 | United States Gypsum Co | Light-weight ceramic material and process of making the same |
US2215223A (en) * | 1937-12-30 | 1940-09-17 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Porous material manufacture |
US2251687A (en) * | 1929-02-08 | 1941-08-05 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Brick manufacture |
-
1947
- 1947-04-24 US US743659A patent/US2476551A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1702076A (en) * | 1927-10-14 | 1929-02-12 | United States Gypsum Co | Light-weight ceramic material and process of making the same |
US2251687A (en) * | 1929-02-08 | 1941-08-05 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Brick manufacture |
US2215223A (en) * | 1937-12-30 | 1940-09-17 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Porous material manufacture |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3055077A (en) * | 1958-04-10 | 1962-09-25 | Ben C Gerwick Inc | Method for the manufacture of concrete structures |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2522116A (en) | Method of molding lightweight concrete panels | |
US2887275A (en) | Apparatus for producing aerated cementitious material | |
US2627169A (en) | Method of producing stabilization in soil masses | |
US2533263A (en) | Apparatus and method for removing excess mixing water from plastic concrete | |
US2476551A (en) | Apparatus and method for aerating concrete | |
US4653957A (en) | Air driven vibration cement float | |
US2432211A (en) | Massage apparatus | |
US1825509A (en) | Process for causing solids to be penetrated by or impregnated with liquids or solutions of various substances | |
US2447937A (en) | Method of laying submerged pipe | |
JPH0343515A (en) | Foundation improvement method | |
US2386961A (en) | Apparatus for molding tubular concrete bodies | |
US5009547A (en) | Water spray for cement finisher | |
US1690467A (en) | Method ojt and apparatus por holding and curing concrete | |
DE623870C (en) | Method for pressing filler or sealant into concrete, stone or the like. | |
US589637A (en) | Method of and means for molding plastic material | |
US131561A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of artificial stone | |
US3055077A (en) | Method for the manufacture of concrete structures | |
US1459629A (en) | Heating apparatus for leaches | |
US1527726A (en) | Method of impregnating wood | |
JPS6452921A (en) | Penetration of cylindrical member | |
US3640511A (en) | Method and apparatus for making and placing lightweight concrete | |
DE369941C (en) | In association with air dilution working Ruettelformvorrichtung for the production of dense moldings from concrete, artificial stone mass and. like | |
ATE152955T1 (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONSTRUCTION FOAM AND FOAM DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD | |
GB526473A (en) | A method and apparatus for the production of mixtures of cement and aggregates | |
China et al. | The effect of soil air entrapment on soil erosion during simulated rainfall |