US2474490A - Start-stop regenerative repeater - Google Patents

Start-stop regenerative repeater Download PDF

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Publication number
US2474490A
US2474490A US592770A US59277045A US2474490A US 2474490 A US2474490 A US 2474490A US 592770 A US592770 A US 592770A US 59277045 A US59277045 A US 59277045A US 2474490 A US2474490 A US 2474490A
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Prior art keywords
relay
oscillator
signal
impulse
emitter
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US592770A
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English (en)
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Pelle Pierre
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/20—Repeater circuits; Relay circuits
    • H04L25/202—Repeater circuits; Relay circuits using mechanical devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/20—Repeater circuits; Relay circuits
    • H04L25/24—Relay circuits using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H04L25/242—Relay circuits using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with retiming
    • H04L25/245—Relay circuits using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with retiming for start-stop signals

Definitions

  • the presentmvention relates to telegraph repeaters. and regeneratingAv and. distohtiQn eliminatingdevices for telegraph modulated signals sent ⁇ out in the arhythmigc-or start-stop code.
  • One ofthe obieetsofgthe presentinvention is to provide .a deviceL of the general .character above referred ilo-comprising. mansior sending current impulses, said means beinggcontrolled by anl oscillater. thereby insuring greater stabil-ity than has heretofore been. possible.
  • .Another ⁇ object of the present invention is to provide a device Vof the generaloharacter above described with novel inea-ns for insuring the marking or determination ci the. operating times withA precision.
  • the telegraph keying modulation oi the signal characterswwhichreaches .the receiving end ofthe line often suffers. considerable distortion, preceden ularly when the line. is made of several sections, the transmittingrelay for eachV section 'being connected tothe receiving relay terminating a preceding section.
  • I t is,l therefore, necessary to provide devies tov correct such Vdistortions and reshape the distorted pulses constituting the elements of the signal.
  • Various Iexpedients have beenr usedr for this purpose.
  • .It is here proposed to use foreach group of the signal keying modulation received, a group of. short current impulses or signal elements precisely separated .from cach other by a unitary interval or time element of' said modulations.
  • This ⁇ group of short currentimpulses'representing a charac-ter may consist, for example, of seven such short impulses, if the code used is a-ve element code plus a starting and stop signal.
  • Suitable means are provided in the regenerating system of thefpre-sent invention whereby the rst oi said current 'impuses occurs one-half of a unitary interval after the arrival of the starting signal element.
  • the impulses that follow occur at mennen-.ts corresponding exactly to the mid-'point of the. theoretical intervals relative to each element of the code used.
  • a device is provided-which receives. the signal modulation tov be 11e-.shapedand.retransmittedy .and gives passage to 4short current impulses directed in the .same sense or dirccticnso that -iicw through 2 a winding of a polarizedrelay inone or the other direction.
  • Fig. 1 is. a bloei: diagram of the signal reeenerator system.
  • Fie. 2 is adieercmshcwingthe; operating sequencek of the Severalsignal. elements as they occur in the regenerator;
  • Fig. 3 is a circuitoi; asystem incorporating the improved signalfregenerator for a telegraph line.
  • the presen-t improved reer generator includes oscillator Whose frequency Y isaccurately adjustedso that ⁇ the length or period transmitted. oscillator is normally blocked.
  • a current reversing device for receiving the incoming keying medir.lated signal t0 be regenerated or recharged and yfor allowing passage of short current impulses which all have the same direction, in such manner that thelr flow through the winding of a relay in either direction, depending upon the polari-ty of the received signal modulation element as they arrive.
  • the short current impulses consequently determine the displacement yor rocking times or instants of the armature of the relay, the direction of the rocking action being dependent upon the received polarity of the signal element.
  • Such polarizd relay restores or re-shapes Without any distortion the elements of the rceived signal train and with a time lag equal to half a unitary interval of the signal element. As a result of this, it corrects both the irregular distortion and the rate of keying modulation.
  • the maximum distortion of the received modulation signal that can be possibly regenerated or reshaped is limited only by the duration of the short current impulses or elements. The latter should be long enough to actua-te the polarized relay.
  • the modulation of the keyed signal received on the incoming line L1 operates an input relay RE, the duty of which is to block or unblock an oscillator O. Oscillations delivered by this oscillator ow to a phase shifter D and control a short current pulse shaper or emitter I. Such pulses or impulses, as well as the modulation of the keyed signal received by the incoming line L1, are applied to current reversing means which may illustratively comprise a set of rectifying cells RS associated with a polarized output relay R. The regenerated modulation constituting the keyed signal is delivered at the output from reverser RS on the outgoing line L2. An impulse counter CI counts the impulses delivered by the emitter I and, as the seventh impulse occurs, releases the input relay RE, thereby blocking the oscillator O, and resumes its unoperated position.
  • Fig. 2 are representedthe operating instants or times of the several elements of the system.
  • FIG. 2 At (a) in Fig. 2, is shown the perfect signal elements of a typical seven element train or group, representing a letter, as emitted by a transmitter at the of an incoming line L1.
  • Fig. 2 shows at (b) the movements of the armature of input relay RE. which closes, after a brief operating interval, after the arrival of negative initial starting impulse d, and remains closed until there have been counted, as by condenser storage, six following impulses, the last being the stop impulse (a) ofl positive polarity which deenergizes input relay RE.
  • the stop impulse (a) ofl positive polarity which deenergizes input relay RE.
  • it unblocks oscillator O of the keying element frequency, which over the same period of time delivers oscillations as shown at (c) in Fig. 2.
  • the phase of these oscillations is shifted so that. as shown at (d) in Fig. 2, the peaks are the mid-point of the interval of each of the signal elements.
  • Short pulses are formed by a pulser on the positive peaks of the of the modulation signal keying element.
  • phase-shifted oscillations shown at (d) in Fig. 2 are applied to time a pole-changing output relay in accordance with the polarity of incoming signal elements, producing outgoing signal elements, as shown at (j) in Fig. 2, which are the same as the perfect signal elements shown at (a) in Fig. 2, but shifted by one-half of the length of the signal element.
  • Fig. 2 is shown at (a) by way of example, any perfect modulation signal as received on the incoming line L1 and corresponding to a character.
  • T is the duration of the unitary time interval of the signal code, the changes in the current direction occurring at the instants designated by T, 2T, 3T, 4T, 5T.
  • the initial and final signal elements d and a are, respectively, the starting and stopping elements for the particular signal group, while the signal elements I, 2, 3, 4, 5, are the code elements representing a letter or gure.
  • Fig. 2 also shows the movements of the armature of the input relay RE.
  • the pulse sender I delivers a short current pulse at each peak or maximum of the oscillations in the output of the phase shifter as shown at (e) in Fig. 2.
  • the positions assumed by the armature is of the double current polarized output relay R are illustrated at (f) in Fig. 2. Normally this armature is pulled from its left contact r3 to its right contact t3 when the rst short current pulse reaches relay R, the direction in which said pulse flows through the exciting Winding of the relay having been predetermined by the polarity (Fig.
  • the seventh impulse counted by the impulse counter C'I returns the input relay RE to rest position and blocks the oscillator O.
  • the input relay RE operates very fast in returning to its rest condition.
  • Fig. 3. shows an illustrative possible, applicationy of a Vdevice embodying the present invention.
  • the double winding inf-z put relay RE has two diierential windings I, 2, of which 2 is the weaker, the winding I being connected on the one hand to the incoming line L1 and on the other hand to a current source +B..
  • the winding 2 of input relay RE is in the cir*- cuit of the pulse counter CI, and input relay REy is provided with a pair of armatures i1 and i2 in operative relation with the windings I", 2, of irrputv relay RE, said armatures vibrating through the gaps between contacts rl, tI, and r2, t2, respectively.
  • the impulse counter CI is constituted by a circuit including a capacitance 3. and a cathode re.l sistance l associated with a gas discharge tube.
  • the grid I5 of the discharge tubeV has cathode potential, whereby this discharge tube becomes conductive and closes a circuit across the capacitance 3 between the positive ter'- minal of battery HT, and the grounded negative terminal of battery HT.
  • the current through this circuit flows through the differential Winding 2 of the input relay RE and holds its armatures in contact with the contacts r1 and rz, under which circumstances they are unoperated position.
  • oscillator I remains. ⁇ blocked.
  • the oscillator O is unblocked and the oscillan tion starts instantaneously owing to the charge which was delivered through Contact t1 to the capacitances C1, C2, C3, of the grid circuit during the unoperated period, which charge corresponds to the voltage which is the peak plate Voltage of oscillator tube O during norm-a1 operation.
  • The-f initial phase of the oscillation corresponds to the.y
  • the time constant of the circuitv including the; capacitance 3., and: resistance 4 is.. so calculated that the scvenl'fllz ⁇ impulse renders the gasy tube of CI; condlmting-iv At this moment, ⁇ the dischargecurren-t froml the:l ca'pac-:itmncev 3 passes. through the win-ding 2'. op the input relay RE. and returns the armature of,
  • ther short current impulses reach thesetv of rectiyingl cel-ls Il, I2, I3, I4, constitutingl current reverser RS associated with the polarized.
  • output rela-y Re the armature* is of which comprises a permanent magneti and is connected to the-outgoing line Lz. and can beI rocked into Contact with either one o; the relay contacts trend r3, which are respec-y tively connected ⁇ to the telegraph line batteries,- -I-B and -B.
  • a regenerating and distortion-eliminating device for telegraphic modulated signals emitted in the start-stop code comprising on a telegraphic line an oscillator having a period equal to the theoretical duration of the unitary interval of the modulations requiring regeneration, an input relay located before said oscillator for blocking and unblocking the oscillatorLe, phase shifter fed by the oscillator, a shortcurrent vimpulse emitter tripped by said phase shifter, a current reversing device and polarized relay unit fed by said emitter andforming the output terminal of the regenerating and distortion eliminating device, and means shunted across the input relay and emitter for counting the impulses generated by said emitter and lfor actuating the input relay to block the oscillator while itself resuming its inoperative condition at the appearance of the seventh impulse of a Sequence.
  • a regenerating and distortion-eliminating device for telegraphic modulated signals emittedv in the start-stop code comprising on a telegraphic line an oscillator having a period equal to the theoretical duration of the unitary interval of the modulations requiring regeneration, an input relay connected in the input of said oscillator for blocking and unblocking the oscillator, a phase shifter fed by the oscillator, a short' current impulse emitter tripped bysaid phase shifter so as to center each impulse on the theoretical mid-points ⁇ of the several codeelements, a current reversing device and polarized relay unit fed by said emitter and forming the output terminal of the regenerating and distortion eliminating device, and means shunted -across the input relay and emitter for counting the impulses generated by said emitter and for operating the input relay to block the oscillator while itself resuming its inoperative'condition at the appearance of the seventh impulse of a sequence.
  • a regenerating and distortion-eliminating device for telegraphic modulated signals emitted in the start-stop code comprising on a Atelegraphic line an oscillator having a period equal t'o the theoretical duration of the unitary interval of the modulations requiring regeneration, an input relay located before said oscillator for blocking and unblocking the oscillator, a phase shifter fed by the oscillator, a short current impulse emitter tripped by said phase shifter, a current reversing device and polarized relay unit fed by said emitter and forming the output kterminal of the regenerating and distance eliminating device, r
  • said reversing device comprising a rectifier bridge and determining the direction of flow of said impulses through said relay responsive to the polarif?. ties of each code element as received when the impulse appears, and means shunted across the input relay and emitter for counting the impulses generated by said emitter and for operating the input relay to block the oscillator while itself re- 10 'suming its inoperative condition at the appearance of the seventh impulse of a sequence.
  • a regenerating and distortion-eliminating device for telegraphic modualted signals emitted in the start-stop code comprising on a telef graphic line having an input terminal and an output terminal, an oscillator having a period equal to the theoretical duration of the unitary interval of the modulations requiring regeneration, an input polarized relay connected in the input of said oscillator for blocking and unblocking the oscillator, said relay including a pair of differential windings and armatures, one of the windings interconnecting the line input terminal and a current source, a phase shifter fed by the oscillator,
  • a short current impulse emitter tripped by said phase shifter, a current reversing device and polarized relay unit fed by said emitter and forming the output terminal of the regenerating and distortion eliminating device, and an impulse counter including the other input relay winding for counting the impulses generated by said emitter and for actuating the input relay to block the oscillator while itself resuming its inoperative condition at the appearance of the seventh impulse of a sequence.
  • a regenerating and distortion-eliminating device for telegraphic modulated signals emitted in the start-stop code comprising on a telegraphic line an oscillator of the capacitance- 4U@ resistance type having a period equal to the theoretical duration of the unitary interval of the modulations requiring to be regeneratedan input relay connected in the input of said oscillator for blocking and releasing the oscillator, a
  • phase shifter fed by the oscillator a short current impulse emitter tripped by said phase shifter, a current reversing device and polarized relay unit fed by said emitter and forming the output terminal of the regenerating and distortion eliminating device, and an impulse counter 'bridging the input relay and emitter and comprising a condenser connected for storing pulses emitted by said pulse emitter for counting the impulses generated by said emitter and being connected for actuating the input relay said inin the start-stop code, comprising on a telegraphic line, an oscillator of the capacitanceresistance and tube type including grid circuit condensers positively charged by potentiometer means, said oscillator having a period equal to the theoretical duration of the unitary interval of the modulations requiring regeneration, an input relay connected in the input of said oscillator for blocking and unblocking the oscillator, a phase shifter fed by the oscillator, a short current impulse emitter tripped by said phase shifter,
  • a current reversing device and polarized relay unit fed by said emitter and forming the output terminal of the regenerating and distortion eliminating device, and an impulse counter bridging the input relay and emitter and comprising a condenser connected for storing pulses emitted by said impulse emitter for counting the impulses generated by said emitter and being connected for actuating the input relay, said input relay being connected when actuated to block the oscillator.
  • a regenerating and distortion-eliminating device for telegraphic modulated signals emitted in the start-stop code comprising on a telegraphic line an oscillator having a period equal to the theoretical duration of the unitary interval of the modulations requiring regeneration, an input relay located before said oscillator for blocking and unblocking the oscillator, a phase shifter fed by the oscillator, a short current impulse emitter tripped by said phase shifter, a current reversing device and polarized relay unit fed by said emitter and forming the output terminal of the regenerating and torsion eliminating device, and an impulse counter bridging the input relay and emitter and comprising a condenser connected for storing pulses emitted by said impulse emitter for counting the impulses generated by said emitter and being connectedA for urging the input relay, said input relay being connected when actuated to block the oscillator, said counter including a capacitance and resistance unit associated with a discharge tube.
  • a telegraph repeater regenerating system transmitting signal trains of signal elements of both polarities of uniform duration determined by a definite keying frequency including initial starting and nal stop elements, an input relay having a principal winding and an opposing bias winding, an output polarized relay having two windings connected in series and having two controlled contacts, connected respectively for applying voltages of opposite polarity to its armature, a line input terminal connected to the common terminal of said windings of said output relay and also connected to said principal winding of said input relay, a blocking oscillator tube of said keying frequency and having its blocking circuit connected to a controlled contact of said input relay for becoming unblocked y upon receipt of a start pulse by said input relay, a phase shifter connected to the output of said oscillator tube, a narrow pulse former connected to the output of said phase shifter and adapted to form a narrow pulse on the positive peaks of the output of said phase shifter, a rectifier bridge having two terminals connected to the output of said pulse :former and having its
  • a system according to claim 8, and an irnpulse counter unit comprising a gas triode and a condenser, said condenser being connected in the output circuit of said gas triode through said biaswinding of said input relay, controlled contacts of said input relay connected for connecting the grid of said gas triode to its cathode when said oscillator is blocked and for connecting Said grid of said gas triode to the output of said pulse former when said oscillator is unblocked, said output circuit of said gas triode including said condenser being adapted upon the receipt from said impulse former of the number of signal elements constituting a complete Signal train including the final stop element, to cause said condenser to discharge and ionize said gas tube and actuate said input relay to stop said oscillator.
  • the blocking circuit of said blocking oscillator comprising reactive elements adapted to initially apply to the plate of said blocking oscillator tube at the instant of unblocking a positive Voltage which is the peak voltage of said lblocking oscillator tube during normal operation, whereby upon unblocking the said oscillator tube starts its initial oscillation at its normal positive peak,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
US592770A 1944-02-10 1945-05-09 Start-stop regenerative repeater Expired - Lifetime US2474490A (en)

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FR989180T 1944-02-10

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CH (1) CH256710A (enMihai)
FR (1) FR989180A (enMihai)
GB (1) GB634292A (enMihai)
NL (1) NL77140C (enMihai)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2561434A (en) * 1947-01-16 1951-07-24 Int Standard Electric Corp Electronic telegraph repeater
US2599345A (en) * 1949-11-29 1952-06-03 Oberman Roelof Maarten Marie Regenerative repeater
US2611034A (en) * 1948-11-26 1952-09-16 Gene L Brewer Electronic diplex keyer
US2685613A (en) * 1952-01-14 1954-08-03 Rca Corp Code signal regenerator
DE937169C (de) * 1950-01-17 1955-12-29 British Telecomm Res Ltd Entzerrender UEbertrager fuer Start-Stop-Telegraphiesysteme
US2737546A (en) * 1950-06-30 1956-03-06 Siemens Ag Method of and apparatus for scanning signal impulse combinations in startstop teleprinter systems
US2749386A (en) * 1952-02-08 1956-06-05 Int Standard Electric Corp Telegraph repeaters
US2752425A (en) * 1948-06-14 1956-06-26 British Telecomm Res Ltd Regenerative repeater
US2762863A (en) * 1948-07-23 1956-09-11 Wheeler Leonard Keith Electronic regenerative repeater
US2785225A (en) * 1949-02-18 1957-03-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic regenerative repeater
US2787657A (en) * 1948-04-01 1957-04-02 Int Standard Electric Corp Telegraph repeaters
US2816956A (en) * 1948-10-15 1957-12-17 Post Office Electronic regenerative repeater
US3246243A (en) * 1962-04-05 1966-04-12 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Regenerative pulse transmission circuit

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2133456A (en) * 1936-02-15 1938-10-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Regenerative telegraph repeater
US2357840A (en) * 1941-02-25 1944-09-12 American Telephone & Telegraph Regenerative telegraph repeater

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2133456A (en) * 1936-02-15 1938-10-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Regenerative telegraph repeater
US2357840A (en) * 1941-02-25 1944-09-12 American Telephone & Telegraph Regenerative telegraph repeater

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2561434A (en) * 1947-01-16 1951-07-24 Int Standard Electric Corp Electronic telegraph repeater
US2787657A (en) * 1948-04-01 1957-04-02 Int Standard Electric Corp Telegraph repeaters
US2752425A (en) * 1948-06-14 1956-06-26 British Telecomm Res Ltd Regenerative repeater
US2762863A (en) * 1948-07-23 1956-09-11 Wheeler Leonard Keith Electronic regenerative repeater
US2816956A (en) * 1948-10-15 1957-12-17 Post Office Electronic regenerative repeater
US2611034A (en) * 1948-11-26 1952-09-16 Gene L Brewer Electronic diplex keyer
US2785225A (en) * 1949-02-18 1957-03-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic regenerative repeater
US2599345A (en) * 1949-11-29 1952-06-03 Oberman Roelof Maarten Marie Regenerative repeater
DE937169C (de) * 1950-01-17 1955-12-29 British Telecomm Res Ltd Entzerrender UEbertrager fuer Start-Stop-Telegraphiesysteme
US2737546A (en) * 1950-06-30 1956-03-06 Siemens Ag Method of and apparatus for scanning signal impulse combinations in startstop teleprinter systems
US2685613A (en) * 1952-01-14 1954-08-03 Rca Corp Code signal regenerator
US2749386A (en) * 1952-02-08 1956-06-05 Int Standard Electric Corp Telegraph repeaters
US3246243A (en) * 1962-04-05 1966-04-12 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Regenerative pulse transmission circuit

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Publication number Publication date
FR989180A (fr) 1951-09-05
GB634292A (en) 1950-03-15
CH256710A (fr) 1948-08-31
NL77140C (enMihai)

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