US2472189A - Thermionic tube having a secondary-emission electrode - Google Patents

Thermionic tube having a secondary-emission electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
US2472189A
US2472189A US480102A US48010243A US2472189A US 2472189 A US2472189 A US 2472189A US 480102 A US480102 A US 480102A US 48010243 A US48010243 A US 48010243A US 2472189 A US2472189 A US 2472189A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
emission electrode
emission
caesium
thermionic tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US480102A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bienfait Henri
Veenemans Cornelis Frederik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hartford National Bank and Trust Co filed Critical Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Publication of US2472189A publication Critical patent/US2472189A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
    • H01J9/12—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of photo-emissive cathodes; of secondary-emission electrodes
    • H01J9/125—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of photo-emissive cathodes; of secondary-emission electrodes of secondary emission electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J7/00—Details not provided for in the preceding groups and common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J7/14—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
    • H01J7/18—Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering
    • H01J7/183—Composition or manufacture of getters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
    • H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
    • H01J9/042—Manufacture, activation of the emissive part
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2201/00—Electrodes common to discharge tubes
    • H01J2201/32—Secondary emission electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12069—Plural nonparticulate metal components
    • Y10T428/12076—Next to each other
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12097—Nonparticulate component encloses particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12778—Alternative base metals from diverse categories

Definitions

  • This invention relates to thermionic tubes provided with a secondary-emission electrode and more particularly to such tubes in which the secondary emission is brought about by an active layer consisting of caesium oxide, which is applied to the secondary-emission electrode.
  • Thermionic tubes containing a secondaryemission electrode covered with caesium oxide as an active material are already known.
  • Figure 1 shows the steps of the method according to the invention and Figure 2 shows an enlarged cross-section of a portion of an electrode made in accordance with the invention.
  • the finished electrode shown in Figure 2 comprises a base on which heat-radiating black metal particles are disposed and about which particles emissive material is deposited.
  • the cooling of the secondary-emission electrode is desirable, since the heating of the electrode produced during operation injuriously affects the emission.
  • the temperature of the secondary-emission electrode during operation must in general not exceed C.
  • a thermionic tube according to the invention contains at least one secondary-emission electrode a part of whose surface contains caesium oxide as an active secondary-emission material, the other non-activated parts of the surface of the electrode or electrodes being covered with the product obtained by reduction of one or more of the oxides of nickel, tungsten, zirconium or molybdenum.
  • the reduction of these metal oxides has the effect of producing on the secondary-emission electrode a layer consisting of the metal having such structure as to exhibit a black appearance.
  • This metal may still be mixed with a quantity of metal oxide, since the reduction is effected only partly.
  • a secondary-emission electrode is manufactured by applying, prior to its incorporation in the tube, to a part of the surface a layer consisting of one or more of the oxides of the metals nickel, tungsten, zirconium or molybdenum, and subsequently reducing this layer at low temperature.
  • the application of the metal oxides to the electrode may be efiected, for example, by spraying, dipping, or with the aid of the cataphoretic process.
  • the reduction at low temperature has the effect of producing a non-hardened, finely distributed structure of the metal which is particularly adapted to the emission of heat and the adherence of small quantities of caesium.
  • the reduction is efiected during about 10 minutes at a temperature of about 700 C.
  • the reduction may take place, for example, in a hydrogen atmosphere.
  • a secondary-emissive electrode for a thermionic tube having a multiplicity of parts on its surface comprised of black particles of nickel

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
US480102A 1941-07-03 1943-03-22 Thermionic tube having a secondary-emission electrode Expired - Lifetime US2472189A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL242721X 1941-07-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2472189A true US2472189A (en) 1949-06-07

Family

ID=19780661

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US480102A Expired - Lifetime US2472189A (en) 1941-07-03 1943-03-22 Thermionic tube having a secondary-emission electrode

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2472189A (en))
BE (1) BE446289A (en))
CH (1) CH242721A (en))
FR (1) FR883717A (en))
GB (1) GB613946A (en))
NL (1) NL59008C (en))

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2858470A (en) * 1955-02-02 1958-10-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cathode for electron discharge devices
US2996795A (en) * 1955-06-28 1961-08-22 Gen Electric Thermionic cathodes and methods of making
US3041209A (en) * 1955-06-28 1962-06-26 Gen Electric Method of making a thermionic cathode
US3342634A (en) * 1962-10-17 1967-09-19 Philips Corp Method of producing black, metalcontaining surface layers
US3376461A (en) * 1964-12-28 1968-04-02 Varian Associates Thermionic cathodes and high frequency electron discharge devices
US3958146A (en) * 1974-02-08 1976-05-18 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Fast warm up picture tube cathode cap having high heat emissivity surface on the interior thereof

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2123024A (en) * 1936-05-29 1938-07-05 Rca Corp Electrode for electric discharge devices
US2146099A (en) * 1936-02-10 1939-02-07 Philips Nv Secondary electron emitter and method of making it
US2171227A (en) * 1937-08-09 1939-08-29 Philips Nv Secondary electron emitter and method of making it
US2190695A (en) * 1937-04-02 1940-02-20 Rca Corp Secondary electron emitter and method of making it
US2198329A (en) * 1937-03-25 1940-04-23 Rca Corp Electric discharge tube
US2204252A (en) * 1938-07-28 1940-06-11 Fides Gmbh Secondary electron emitter and method of making it

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2146099A (en) * 1936-02-10 1939-02-07 Philips Nv Secondary electron emitter and method of making it
US2123024A (en) * 1936-05-29 1938-07-05 Rca Corp Electrode for electric discharge devices
US2198329A (en) * 1937-03-25 1940-04-23 Rca Corp Electric discharge tube
US2190695A (en) * 1937-04-02 1940-02-20 Rca Corp Secondary electron emitter and method of making it
US2171227A (en) * 1937-08-09 1939-08-29 Philips Nv Secondary electron emitter and method of making it
US2204252A (en) * 1938-07-28 1940-06-11 Fides Gmbh Secondary electron emitter and method of making it

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2858470A (en) * 1955-02-02 1958-10-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Cathode for electron discharge devices
US2996795A (en) * 1955-06-28 1961-08-22 Gen Electric Thermionic cathodes and methods of making
US3041209A (en) * 1955-06-28 1962-06-26 Gen Electric Method of making a thermionic cathode
US3342634A (en) * 1962-10-17 1967-09-19 Philips Corp Method of producing black, metalcontaining surface layers
US3376461A (en) * 1964-12-28 1968-04-02 Varian Associates Thermionic cathodes and high frequency electron discharge devices
US3958146A (en) * 1974-02-08 1976-05-18 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Fast warm up picture tube cathode cap having high heat emissivity surface on the interior thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE446289A (en))
NL59008C (en))
GB613946A (en) 1948-12-07
CH242721A (de) 1946-05-31
FR883717A (fr) 1943-07-13

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