US2470158A - Firing rate control mechanism for automatic firearms - Google Patents

Firing rate control mechanism for automatic firearms Download PDF

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US2470158A
US2470158A US542272A US54227244A US2470158A US 2470158 A US2470158 A US 2470158A US 542272 A US542272 A US 542272A US 54227244 A US54227244 A US 54227244A US 2470158 A US2470158 A US 2470158A
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spring
breech
gear
abutment
springs
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US542272A
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Gazda Antoine
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/03Shot-velocity control

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  • the -present Yinventicm relates Atoa Anew and improved recoil. and ⁇ return spring- 'mechanism vfor the breech "block an ⁇ automaticY firearm; more especially vak rearm ofthe so-called blowiback" type, wherein the-breech block is forced rearwardly bythe' explosion of *the 'charge in the cartridge against the inertia of" the per-ts and the recoilvv Lzin-d returnl springx mechanism; the relationship of" 'the parts being suchl Ithat the rearwardy movement of' the-ibreech-block effects a, tensioning of the springs off' ⁇ the spring mechanism whereby theblbck is returned' 'for firing thenext shot.
  • A- -pri-rmauy-cbject -of the ⁇ present invention kis the realization osimplebut effective Yineensaesociatedl'with and constitutingvpa-r-t yof the-said spring mechanism, whereby the rate yoftltle rearmfmaybereadilyregulated.
  • a further obect of the invention is the reali'- 'zati'o-n of e simplebut eiectivemeansfsssociat-ed withend constituting igma said spring fain-ism; whereby: the recoii force of lthe latter may beregule-tecl.
  • Torithese ends meansisprovided whereby 'thev .mass of the rotary porfis of" the spring mechanism: may :be xcentroliedly varied, and additional means is ⁇ omvided .for regn'lably controlling the initial. tension orv preloadwoflzhe springmechanism.
  • Fig. 1- is a topplan View oflthe reafrm', with shown inilongitudinallsectiom;
  • Fig. -4 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the spring mechanism unloaded mounted in ceasing .ofv modified form; f
  • Fig. 5v is e View cor-.responding to Fig. 4. but showing. the spring mechanism as pre-loadedg Fig., -6v is a1 sectional. View through lone form fof iywfheel mass and- Fig. '7- isa sectional view throughenother form. c-ywheelmass.
  • the fireznrny comprises the usuel barrel M1, breechzftube H, and: .breech block l2 reciprocably :nonni/.e121 the breech tube;y 11
  • the return Sind recoil sonnig.y ineclninismL Vconwrises two..housings 2 Ywixedton opposite sides, as 'viewed from the top, of the tube lf, each containing a. toothed lcumulus It rotatablyfmonnted on a stud l5-adjustably vsecured"tfof-its housing- 153, as 'hereinafter described.
  • JSimultaf-neously e kcaattridge from the oamtridge magazine (not shown) isr introduced ⁇ lin front of breech 4bloei: 12:.
  • the 4'broers-ltr ⁇ block L2 is movedv forward by the 'two spirali' springs I9 whereby .the vvcartridge'is moved into. thelcading chamber tto he red immediately thereafter.
  • the 'block i12 is againl forced back against the -actionoff the two'spiralf springs
  • damp the recoil of the breech. block 1.2,@ -builer in ythe fomr ci a. helical spring,l -20 nir-the likemayzbe provided.
  • the cover plates, .21. ⁇ and 22f are .of diiierent configuration and weight ⁇ and thusseverelly constitute e. varableflywheel mass which makes it possible to. regulate the ring 4rete of the .by .the simple expedient of changingrtherespective cover plates 21,22.
  • the two ilywheel .masses 2 I Vand .22 which have been illustrated are solely exemplary in .character :a plural-ity Aof .such masses,v of varying magnitude, man? be provided. Two similar messes 2l maybe @used on each vk,snm-ilus M, or the lett-,er may be associated ⁇ with twcdissimiler masses as shown.
  • lwilnlcl'i carries 'ai springfpressed plunger 26 adapted to be received in any one of a plurality of recesses 21 provided in the casing I3.
  • Knob 28 is provided for withdrawing the plunger 26 from a recess and, after rotating the lever 25 to correspondingly tension or pre-load the spring I9, for re-inserting the same in the recess 21 corresponding to the pre-load position.
  • the other end of each stud I carries a cap I1 secured hereto by pin I1', as shown.
  • a barrel a breech tube secured to said barrel, a breech block slidable in said breech tube, a pair of spiral recoil springs, a rack upon said breech block associated with each spring, a gear cooperating with each rack having one end of the associated recoil spring Xed thereto, a casing for each gear and associated spring xed to said tube, a plate detachably connected to said gear whereby said plate may be replaced by another plate of different mass to vary the ring rate of the iirearrn,
  • a xable abutment extending axially through said gear to which the other end of each spring is connected, a lever connected to said abutment and means for connecting said lever selectively at any one of a plurality of spaced points upon said casing to vary the initial tension of the associated recoil spring.
  • a barrel a breech tube secured to said barrel, a breech block slidable in said breech tube, a spiral recoil spring located upon each side of said breech block, a rack upon said breech block associated with each spring, a gear cooperating with each rack, a casingenclosing each gear and associated spring fixed to said tube, each spring being connected to the gear associated therewith and to said casing, and a pair of plates anti-frictionally mounted and threadedly connected to eachgear whereby said plates may be replaced by other plates of different mass thereby varying the ring rate of said rearm.
  • a barrel In an automatic rearm, a barrel, a breech tube secured to said barrel, a breech block slidable in said breech tube, a pair of spiral recoil springs located upon opposite sides of said breech block, a xable abutment associated with" each spring to which one end of the associated spring is connected, a gear also associated with each spring to which the other end of said spring is connected, a pair of racks on said breech block adjacent said springs and cooperating with said 4 gears whereby the breech block is always urged in a forward direction and the recoil is diffused through said springs, means xed to said breech tube and completely encasing each spring and associated abutment and gear, a detachable weight rotatably mounted on said abutment and secured to each gear whereby different weights may be attached to each gear to vary the firing rate, a lever connected to said abutment and means connecting said lever selectively to any one of a plurality of space
  • a barrel a breech tube securedto said barrel, a breech block slidable in said breech tube, a pair of spiral recoil springs located at opposite sides of said breech block, an annular exteriorly toothed gear associated with each of said springs having one end of the spring associated therewith secured thereto, racks upon said breech block cooperating with said gears, a casing fixed to said breech tube for each spring and associated gear, an abutment mounted in said casing to which the other end of each associated spring is secured and detachable cover plates rotatably mountedon said abutment secured to each annular gear enclosing the spring associated therewith whereby said cover plates may be detached and replaced with cover plates of different mass to vary the firing rate.
  • a barrel a breech tube secured to said barrel, a breech block slidable in said breech tube, a pair of spiral recoil springs located at opposite sides of said breech block, an annular exteriorly toothed gear associated with each of said springs having one end of the spring associated therewith secured thereto, racks upon said breech block cooperating with said gears, a casing iixed to said breech tube for each spring and associated gear, ⁇ an abutment mounted in said casing to which the other end of each associated spring is secured, detachable cover plates rotatably mounted on said abutment secured to each annular gear whereby said cover plates may be detached and replaced with cover plates of diierent mass to vary the firing rate, a lever xed at one end to said abutment, a spring actuated plunger mounted at the other end of said lever and said casing having a plurality of spaced apertures with which said plunger cooperates to x said
  • a barrel a breech tube secured to said barrel, a breech block slidable in said breech tube, a pair of spiral recoil springs located at opposite sides of said breech block, an annular exteriorly toothed gear associated with each of said springs having one end of the spring associated therewith secured thereto, racks upon said breech block cooperating with said gears, a casing xed to said breech tube for each spring and associated gear, an abutment mounted in said casing to which the other end of each associated spring is secured, detachable cover plates rotatably mounted on said abutment secured to each annular gear whereby said cover plates may be detached and replaced with cover plates of different mass to vary the firing rate, a lever fixed at one end to said abutment, a spring actuated plunger mounted at the other end of said lever, said casing having a plurality ol?

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Description

A. GAZDA May 1.7, 1949.
FIRING RATE CONTROL MECHANISM FOR AUTOMATIC FIREARMS 3 Sheets-Sheet l Filed June 27, 41944 Gttomeg May 17,1949. A. GAZDA 2,470,158
FIRING vRATE CONTROL MECHANISM FOR AUTOMATIC FIREARMS Filed June 27, 1944' 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Miri. Y
'Juventor ,VfG/szw? Gttomeg May 17, 1949.. A. GAZDA' i 2,470,158
FIRING RATE CONTROL MECHANISM FOR AUTOMATIC FIREARMS Filed June 27, 1944 s Smelts-she@t 5 WQ/,Q
@2f C "06 O /Jzj 2J. O J9 i i Le 4 i 3g n /'c s 72 I7 l k [tlf/y i j inventor i (ttorneg Patented May 17, 1949 FIRING RATE ,CONTROL MECHANISM FOR vAU'IOMATIC, FIREARMS AntoinelGazd'a), Provldence1t..
'The -present Yinventicm relates Atoa Anew and improved recoil. and `return spring- 'mechanism vfor the breech "block an `automaticY firearm; more especially vak rearm ofthe so-called blowiback" type, wherein the-breech block is forced rearwardly bythe' explosion of *the 'charge in the cartridge against the inertia of" the per-ts and the recoilvv Lzin-d returnl springx mechanism; the relationship of" 'the parts being suchl Ithat the rearwardy movement of' the-ibreech-block effects a, tensioning of the springs off' `the spring mechanism whereby theblbck is returned' 'for firing thenext shot.
A- -pri-rmauy-cbject -of the` present invention kis the realization osimplebut effective Yineensaesociatedl'with and constitutingvpa-r-t yof the-said spring mechanism, whereby the rate yoftltle rearmfmaybereadilyregulated.
A further obect of the invention is the reali'- 'zati'o-n of e simplebut eiectivemeansfsssociat-ed withend constituting partei said spring fain-ism; whereby: the recoii force of lthe latter may beregule-tecl.
Torithese ends, briey stated, meansisprovided whereby 'thev .mass of the rotary porfis of" the spring mechanism: may :be xcentroliedly varied, and additional means is `omvided .for regn'lably controlling the initial. tension orv preloadwoflzhe springmechanism.
Additional; objectsamd I:idimititiafges of. thepites.- .ent innention` will `appear from. .the following detailed! description, of presently-pixeferredf il instinctive' embodiments :thereof, reference being made in this regard to the accompanyingsheets fofdrewing wherein:
Fig. 1-, is a topplan View oflthe reafrm', with shown inilongitudinallsectiom;
Fig, 2 is a top= plan view. ofk the rear portion of, the firearm-en a relatively'enlangedgfscale, parts beingshown inflon g-itudinal section Fig. -4 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the spring mechanism unloaded mounted in ceasing .ofv modified form; f
Fig. 5v :is e View cor-.responding to Fig. 4. but showing. the spring mechanism as pre-loadedg Fig., -6v is a1 sectional. View through lone form fof iywfheel mass and- Fig. '7- isa sectional view throughenother form. c-ywheelmass.
The fireznrny .comprises the usuel barrel M1, breechzftube H, and: .breech block l2 reciprocably :nonni/.e121 the breech tube;y 11|. The return sind recoil sonnig.y ineclninismL Vconwrises two..housings 2 Ywixedton opposite sides, as 'viewed from the top, of the tube lf, each containing a. toothed lcumulus It rotatablyfmonnted on a stud l5-adjustably vsecured"tfof-its housing- 153, as 'hereinafter described. 'Each toothed annulus lll/is Iin mesh with one of' two gear racks .w on the .breech .block l2 through slots inthe -tube 'l-l. Inside Aeach:airmulus' -llf `ris arranged a spiral spring I9, theyinner end of which: Ais attached7 "to the respective .studl I5' and Vthe` outer 'end of .which is secured to the annulus I4. The spiral springs rections and tend to move the breech block f1.2 4forfwerollytoward the :barrel llf fby rmeims` of `the two toothedemnnliy 4 4;,
When lus-ing; the reajrm according; to thef'in.- vention, the breech: block; l-2`r .is drawn. back` in they usuel manner untilit is looked .by a conventional. `:trigger-frelealsdbie locking.VV device (not shown) which holds: fit in. its rear loadingA posi@- .tion l'ig.. 2f). During: this, movement of. the breech. fhlock t2; intoy ythe .loading position, both .spiral springs Sfere tensioned. JSimultaf-neously e kcaattridge from the oamtridge magazine (not shown) isr introduced` lin front of breech 4bloei: 12:. When the aboveementionedf locking: device is released, the 4'broers-ltr `block L2 is movedv forward by the 'two spirali' springs I9 whereby .the vvcartridge'is moved into. thelcading chamber tto he red immediately thereafter. The 'block i12 is againl forced back against the -actionoff the two'spiralf springs |9 .by the pressure of vthe gases lresulting from the explosion, whereupon` tthe Labo-ue: describeds `ringA action. is repeated. In Aorder to. :damp :the recoil of the breech. block 1.2,@ -builer in ythe fomr ci a. helical spring,l -20 nir-the likemayzbe provided.,
lhreededly .or other-wise suitably secured to eachv .an-nulus M .on .eachy side thereof .is a 'discylike cover plete 2l .or .22, interposed. between the `central flange `23 of which and the stud` l5 are antifnictionbearingsld.. The cover plates, .21. `and 22f are .of diiierent configuration and weight `and thusseverelly constitute e. varableflywheel mass which makes it possible to. regulate the ring 4rete of the .by .the simple expedient of changingrtherespective cover plates 21,22. The two ilywheel .masses 2 I Vand .22 which have been illustrated are solely exemplary in .character :a plural-ity Aof .such masses,v of varying magnitude, man? be provided. Two similar messes 2l maybe @used on each vk,snm-ilus M, or the lett-,er may be associated `with twcdissimiler masses as shown.
Keyed 15o-ooeendofI each stud l5 .is clever-25,
free end.: of lwilnlcl'i carries 'ai springfpressed plunger 26 adapted to be received in any one of a plurality of recesses 21 provided in the casing I3. Knob 28 is provided for withdrawing the plunger 26 from a recess and, after rotating the lever 25 to correspondingly tension or pre-load the spring I9, for re-inserting the same in the recess 21 corresponding to the pre-load position. The other end of each stud I carries a cap I1 secured hereto by pin I1', as shown. When the plunger 26 is in the rst recess 21, there is no preload. Fig. 4 shows the spring I9 without pre-load, while Fig. 5 shows the spring in a pre-tensioned or preloaded state.
A modiiied form of casing |30, is shown invFigs.
4 and 5, the recesses 21 being formed in an outwardly projecting ange 29. In any event, re-
cesses 21 are concentrically arranged lwith respect y to stud I5. In firing the rst round, the breech block l2 is, of course, drawn back against the action of the springs I9. Stud I5 is, in eiect, a xed abutment as long as plunger 26 remains in engagement with any recess 21 in the housing I3.
The possibility of effecting the pre-loading of the springs I9 makes it possible to regulate the recoil force with the different firing rates obtained through the different flywheel masses, and thus to realize the objects of the invention.
The present application is in part a continuation of abandoned copending application, Serial No. 289,661, filed August 11, 1939, for Automatic firearms.
Having thus disclosed the invention, what is claimed is:
1. In an automatic firearm, a barrel, a breech tube secured to said barrel, a breech block slidable in said breech tube, a pair of spiral recoil springs, a rack upon said breech block associated with each spring, a gear cooperating with each rack having one end of the associated recoil spring Xed thereto, a casing for each gear and associated spring xed to said tube, a plate detachably connected to said gear whereby said plate may be replaced by another plate of different mass to vary the ring rate of the iirearrn,
a xable abutment extending axially through said gear to which the other end of each spring is connected, a lever connected to said abutment and means for connecting said lever selectively at any one of a plurality of spaced points upon said casing to vary the initial tension of the associated recoil spring.
2. In an automatic firearm, a barrel, a breech tube secured to said barrel, a breech block slidable in said breech tube, a spiral recoil spring located upon each side of said breech block, a rack upon said breech block associated with each spring, a gear cooperating with each rack, a casingenclosing each gear and associated spring fixed to said tube, each spring being connected to the gear associated therewith and to said casing, and a pair of plates anti-frictionally mounted and threadedly connected to eachgear whereby said plates may be replaced by other plates of different mass thereby varying the ring rate of said rearm.
3. In an automatic rearm, a barrel, a breech tube secured to said barrel, a breech block slidable in said breech tube, a pair of spiral recoil springs located upon opposite sides of said breech block, a xable abutment associated with" each spring to which one end of the associated spring is connected, a gear also associated with each spring to which the other end of said spring is connected, a pair of racks on said breech block adjacent said springs and cooperating with said 4 gears whereby the breech block is always urged in a forward direction and the recoil is diffused through said springs, means xed to said breech tube and completely encasing each spring and associated abutment and gear, a detachable weight rotatably mounted on said abutment and secured to each gear whereby different weights may be attached to each gear to vary the firing rate, a lever connected to said abutment and means connecting said lever selectively to any one of a plurality of spaced points upon said encasingmeans to vary the positioning of said abutment and thereby the initial tension of the associated recoil spring.
4. In an automatic firearm, a barrel, a breech tube securedto said barrel, a breech block slidable in said breech tube, a pair of spiral recoil springs located at opposite sides of said breech block, an annular exteriorly toothed gear associated with each of said springs having one end of the spring associated therewith secured thereto, racks upon said breech block cooperating with said gears, a casing fixed to said breech tube for each spring and associated gear, an abutment mounted in said casing to which the other end of each associated spring is secured and detachable cover plates rotatably mountedon said abutment secured to each annular gear enclosing the spring associated therewith whereby said cover plates may be detached and replaced with cover plates of different mass to vary the firing rate.
5. In an automatic rearm, a barrel, a breech tube secured to said barrel, a breech block slidable in said breech tube, a pair of spiral recoil springs located at opposite sides of said breech block, an annular exteriorly toothed gear associated with each of said springs having one end of the spring associated therewith secured thereto, racks upon said breech block cooperating with said gears, a casing iixed to said breech tube for each spring and associated gear, `an abutment mounted in said casing to which the other end of each associated spring is secured, detachable cover plates rotatably mounted on said abutment secured to each annular gear whereby said cover plates may be detached and replaced with cover plates of diierent mass to vary the firing rate, a lever xed at one end to said abutment, a spring actuated plunger mounted at the other end of said lever and said casing having a plurality of spaced apertures with which said plunger cooperates to x said abutment in a plurality of positions to vary the initial tension of said recoil springs.
6. In an automatic rearm, a barrel, a breech tube secured to said barrel, a breech block slidable in said breech tube, a pair of spiral recoil springs located at opposite sides of said breech block, an annular exteriorly toothed gear associated with each of said springs having one end of the spring associated therewith secured thereto, racks upon said breech block cooperating with said gears, a casing xed to said breech tube for each spring and associated gear, an abutment mounted in said casing to which the other end of each associated spring is secured, detachable cover plates rotatably mounted on said abutment secured to each annular gear whereby said cover plates may be detached and replaced with cover plates of different mass to vary the firing rate, a lever fixed at one end to said abutment, a spring actuated plunger mounted at the other end of said lever, said casing having a plurality ol? spaced apertures with which said plunger coopcrates to nx said abutment in a plurality of posi- 5 tions rto vary the initial tension of said recoil Number springs and anti-friction means located between 547,027 said plates and said abutment. 1,142,896 ANTOINE GAZDA. 1,164,250 5 1,292,267 REFERENCESA CITED 1,361,937 The following references are of record in the le of this patent: N b
UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 unegg Number Name Date 125.706
319,596 Maxim June 9, 1885 Name v Date Oehrle Oct. 1, 1895 Lewis June 15, 1915 Auero Jan. 21, 1915 Dawson et al Jan. 21, 1919 Philips June '7, 1932 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Austria June 10, 1922 Great Britain Apr. 10, 1919
US542272A 1938-08-19 1944-06-27 Firing rate control mechanism for automatic firearms Expired - Lifetime US2470158A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2845001A (en) * 1955-11-30 1958-07-29 Robert L Hillberg Manual charger for a firearm
US2899766A (en) * 1959-08-18 staller
US2982183A (en) * 1958-05-05 1961-05-02 Richard H Colby Firing rate conversion means for automatic firearms
US4889032A (en) * 1986-06-19 1989-12-26 Barbara Major Automatic firearm
US4972617A (en) * 1986-06-19 1990-11-27 Barbara Major Automatic firearm
US5038666A (en) * 1989-11-20 1991-08-13 Barbara Major Automatic firearm

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US319596A (en) * 1885-06-09 maxim
US547027A (en) * 1895-10-01 Emanuel oehrle
US1142896A (en) * 1912-04-16 1915-06-15 Automatic Arms Company Automatic firearm.
US1164250A (en) * 1915-03-11 1915-12-14 Emanuel Aufiero Mechanical-horn agitator.
US1292267A (en) * 1915-04-14 1919-01-21 Vickers Ltd Energizing or tensioning device for spiral springs.
GB125706A (en) * 1918-04-10 1919-04-10 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to Machine Guns.
AT88699B (en) * 1916-02-14 1922-06-10 Georg Von Dipl Ing Szebeny Grenade launcher in the style of a machine gun.
US1861937A (en) * 1930-01-04 1932-06-07 Eastman Kodak Co Presetting dial for photographic printing machines

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US319596A (en) * 1885-06-09 maxim
US547027A (en) * 1895-10-01 Emanuel oehrle
US1142896A (en) * 1912-04-16 1915-06-15 Automatic Arms Company Automatic firearm.
US1164250A (en) * 1915-03-11 1915-12-14 Emanuel Aufiero Mechanical-horn agitator.
US1292267A (en) * 1915-04-14 1919-01-21 Vickers Ltd Energizing or tensioning device for spiral springs.
AT88699B (en) * 1916-02-14 1922-06-10 Georg Von Dipl Ing Szebeny Grenade launcher in the style of a machine gun.
GB125706A (en) * 1918-04-10 1919-04-10 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to Machine Guns.
US1861937A (en) * 1930-01-04 1932-06-07 Eastman Kodak Co Presetting dial for photographic printing machines

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2899766A (en) * 1959-08-18 staller
US2845001A (en) * 1955-11-30 1958-07-29 Robert L Hillberg Manual charger for a firearm
US2982183A (en) * 1958-05-05 1961-05-02 Richard H Colby Firing rate conversion means for automatic firearms
US4889032A (en) * 1986-06-19 1989-12-26 Barbara Major Automatic firearm
US4972617A (en) * 1986-06-19 1990-11-27 Barbara Major Automatic firearm
US5038666A (en) * 1989-11-20 1991-08-13 Barbara Major Automatic firearm

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