US2466467A

US2466467A - Communication system

Info

Publication number: US2466467A
Application number: US596752A
Authority: US
Inventors: Robert E Mumma; Francis X Bucher
Original assignee: NCR Corp
Current assignee: NCR Voyix Corp; National Cash Register Co
Priority date: 1943-02-25
Filing date: 1945-05-30
Publication date: 1949-04-05
Anticipated expiration: 1966-04-05

Description

April 5, 1949. R. E. MUMMA ETAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 8 Sheets-Shea? l O riginal Filed Feb. 25, 1943 IN VE/V T0175 FRANCIS x. BupHER THE/R ATTORNEY 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS ROBERT E. MUMMA a FRANCIS X. BUCHER AAAAA R. E. MUMMA ETAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Original Filed Feb. 25, 1943 THE/R ATTORNEY April 5, 1949. R. E. MUMMA EI'AL commune: SYSTEM Original Filed Feb. 25; 1943 8 She'ets-Sheet 3 BUCHER & A M M w M V T m B O R FRANCIS I I y V V V 0 A n N W F A" Lu A" n n A A AV AV u AI. A'

THE/R {ATTORNEY April 5, 1949. R. E. MUMMA EI'AL COMMUNICATION mm 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed Feb. 25, 1943 hum All.

Alllll V'Vv" AAA MMAA

WWI

AAAA

VVVV

INVENTORS ROBERT E. MUMMA 8a FRANCIS X. BUCHER z vm THE/R ATTORNEY 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 R- E- MUMMA ETAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM My-"flu INVENTORS ROBERT E. MUMMA a FRANCIS X. BUCHER m T T. A

AAAA

Original Filed Feb. 25, 1943 vvvv AAAA I vvvv April 5, 1949. R. E. MUMMA EI'AL 2,466,467

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Original Filed Feb. 25, 1945 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 IN VE N TORS ROBERT E. MUMMA 8| FRANCIS X. BUCHER THE/R ATTORNEY April 5, 1949. R. E. MUMMA ErrAL 2,466,467

. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Original Filed Feb. 25, 1943 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 L 3|s I! I 2 295 uvvavrons 69/ ROBERT E. MUMMA a /05V, FRANCIS x, BUCHER THE/l? ATTORNEY April R. E. MUMMA ETI'AL. 2,466,467

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Original Filed Fgb. 25, 1943 a Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENTORS %g ROBER'T E. MUMMA a.

FRANCIS x. BUCHER THE/l? ATTORNE Y Patented Apr. 5, 1949 Robert E. Mumma and Francis X. Bucher, Dayton, Ohio, assignors to The National Cash Register Company, Dayton, Ohio, a corporation of Maryland Original application February 25, 1943, Serial No.

477,096, now Patent No. 2,451,859, dated October 19, 1948. Divided and this application May 30, 1945, Serial No. 596,752

11 Claims. (Cl. 1774-3533) Thi application is a division of applicants copending application serial No. 477,096, which was filed on February 25, 1943, now 'U. S, Patent 2,451,859 granted October 19, 1948.

This invention relates to communication systems and is directed particularly to a receiving apparatus for use in a system in which data is transmitted in the form of bursts of different numbers of substantially identical signals.

In the instant system, each of the several symbols that may be transmitted is transformed into a burst or train containing an assigned predetermined number of substantially identical signals having like significance. Accordingly, it is the number of signals-in a burst by which'each symbol is represented and not the variations in the signals, per se, which make up the bursts. Under theseconditions, the signals used to transmit the data can be so chosen that slight variations which might occur in the signals during transmission will not be effective to cause errors in the reception of this data. Applicants, therefore, by their novel system and means employed therein, have provided a reliable communication system in which slight variations in signals during transmission are not efiective to cause erroneous reception of the data.

A; sending station is provided with. means for transforming the symbols into bursts of signals and generating the number of signals required in each burst according to the symbols being sent. The signals by which the symbols may be represented may take any desired form; for instance, they may consist of discrete rapidly recurring impulses and/or interruption or modulation of a continuous carrier wave. The signals can be transmitted from the sending station to a receiving station in any desirable manner, as, for instance, over a wire or by radio.

The bursts of signals representing the different symbols to be transmitted are sent one after another over a single communication channel,

with a predetermined time interval or space between the bursts. The signals in the various bursts are used to cause the operation of means at the receiving station to set up direct representations of the symbols, and the spaces between successive bursts of signals are used to enable means at the receiving station to generate control signals which control routing means at the receiving station to govern the allocation and storage of the symbols in the means for setting up direct representations of the symbols.

The means for etting up direct representations of the symbols at the receiving station. consists of a plurality of transforming and symbol-storing means, each being formed from a group of devices which represent the symbols. The transforming and symbol-storing means are selectively and successively rendered effective by the routing means under control of the control signals, and, when any one of these means is effective, the devices therein are dlfierentially operated according to the number of signals in a burst to transform the signals back into a single representation of the symbol and to store this representation.

The apparatus at'the receiving station responds to the signals when they are received, and, since it is the number of signals and not their position in a fixed cycle which is the controlling factor,

there is no need to synchronize the operation oi the apparatus at the sending and receiving stanecessary to produce the'number of signals needed to represent the symbols, and can follow one after the other cin transmission without unnecessary loss of time between bursts. v

Furthermore, there is no particular sequential relation .between the various symbols and the number of signals which may be used to represent them, so that the number of signals which are assigned to represent any symbol may be chosen arbitrarily. Becauseof this'condition, the symbols used most frequently can be represented by the smaller number of signals, and this will also reduce the time required for the communication of data.

It is an object of the invention, therefore, to provide a novel high-speed means for. receiving data in the form of bursts of different numbers of substantially identical signals.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel receiving apparatus which can respond accurately to signals transmitted thereto at a high frequency and can set up a direct repre sentation of data represented by the signals,

A further object of the invention is to provide a receiving apparatus which is not affected by variations in signals which might occur as they are transmitted thereto. I

A further object of the invention is to provide means for receiving difierent numbers of similar discrete signals which represent symbols and transforming the different numbers of signals into representations of the symbols. r

A further object of the invention is to provide a receiving apparatus for receiving bursts of impulses, which receiving apparatus contains means to generate a control signal after each burst of impulses has been received.

A further object of the invention is to provide a receiving apparatus for receiving and transforming bursts of different numbers of symbolrepresenting signals into single representations of the symbols, said receiving apparatus containing a plurality of transforming means for setting up said single representations of various symbols according to the number of signals in a burst, means for generating a control signal after each burst of symbol-representing signals has been received, and routing means operated by the controlled signals to route the different burst of signals to difierent ones of the transforming means.

With these and incidental objects in view, the invention includes certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts, the essential elements of which are set forth in appended claims and a preferred form or embodiment of which is hereinafter described with reference to the drawings which accompany and form a part of this specification.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows the means for receiving the bursts of impulses and for creating an impulse to control a routing means after each burst is received.

Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 show portions of the transforming and symbol-storing means in the receiving apparatus, which means consist of groups or banks of symbol-representing tubes which may be selectively set according to the symbols corresponding to the impulses sent by the sending apparatus.

Fig. 7 shows relay means for selectively directing or routing impulses to the various groups of transforming and symbol-storing means.

Fig. 8 shows a routing control device containing a plurality of sequentially operable tubes which are operated by the control signals to control the relay means which route the impulses representing various symbols into the proper groups or banks of transforming and symbolstoring means.

General description The symbols which may be received by the novel receiving apparatus may represent any selected data such as the digits of numerical notation, the letters of the alphabet, or any other arbitrary data which may be chosen.

The disclosed embodiment is shown with a capacity for automatically receiving five symbols in succession and is arranged to receive the digits 0 to 9, inclusive, of a numerical notation.

For the purposes of this disclosure, the signals by which the symbols are represented will consist of discrete rapidly recurring negative impulses of substantially uniform amplitude, and these impulses will be transmitted from a sending apparatus to the receiving apparatus over a wire. However, it is not intended to limit the invention to this particular formof signal and transmission medium, because the invention is capable of being carried out by using other equivalent arrangements.

The novel receiving apparatus contains means upon which the received impulsesare impressed and which is capable of causing a control impulse to be generated after each burst of impulses; a routing means operated by the control impulses; and a plurality of transforming and symbolstoring means each consisting of a group or bank of gaseous electron tubes for transforming one of the bursts of impulses into a single representation of thesymbol and storing the symbol.

Each group or bank of transforming and symbol-storing tubes contains a tube representing each symbol, and a presetting tube. The symbolrepresenting tubes of each bank are connected to be fired one after another in response to the impulses sent out by the sending apparatus, the order of firing beginning with the 0 tube and continuing through the tubes 1" to 9," in that order. Aseach tube in the bank is fired, it extinguishes any previously conducting tube in the bank, and this means that only one tube will be conducting in each bank at the end of a receiving period and these conducting tubes in the various banks will correspond to the symbols received. The conducting tubes will continue to conduct after the receiving period and serve as a-means for storing the symbols.

As indicated earlier herein, the bursts of impulses representing the various symbols are sent out one afteranother in succession over a single wire, and, because of this, routing means must be provided in the receiving apparatus to distribute or allocate the bursts to the proper banks of transforming and storing tubes. The particular routing means shown herein includes a normally inoperative relay means for each bank of tubes,

which relay means may be selectively rendered efiective one after another to relay the bursts of impulses from a common impulse conductor in the receiving apparatus to the various banks of transforming and symbol-storing tubes.

The relay means are rendered eflective one 1 after anotherby means of a routing control device consisting of a series of gaseous electron tubes which are connected in a chain to be fired and rendered conducting one after another in sequence 'in response to the control impulses. The tubes of the routing control device are also connected so that the firing of any tube in the chain will cause any previously conducting tube of the chain to be extinguished and allow only one tube at a time to beconducting. The chain connections and extinguishing connections between the routing control tubes, therefore, enable the tubes to become conducting one at a time in sequence, and, as long as any tube is conducting, it renders its associated relay means op routing means is shown as consisting of a plu-- rality of relays, it is obvious that therouting means could consist of a commutator or a sequence switch which is capable of step-by-step operation to relay the impulses to the various banks.

The means upon which the receivedimpulses are impressed passes these impulses to the common impulse conductor in the receiving apparatus, from which conductor the impulses are relayed selectively to the various banks of transforming and symbol-storing tubes by the several relays of the routing means. The means upon which the received impulses are impressed is also efiective to control a control impulse generating means in the receiving apparatus to cause an impulse to be generated after each burst of impulses has been received.

The control impulses which are generated in the receiving apparatus are impressed on the routing control tubes to cause different ones of these tubes to be fired after the various bursts of impulses have been received in the receiving apparatus.

The operation of the receiving apparatus is as follows:

The receiving apparatus is prepared for the reception of data by causing the presetting tube of each bank of transforming and symbol-storing tubes and the first tube in the routing control device to be fired and rendered conducting.

The firing of the presetting tube in each bank of transforming and symbol-storing tubes will, through the mutual extinguishing connections, clear these banks of any previously stored symbols, and the firing of the first tube in the routing control device will likewise cause any other tube of the device to be extinguished and insure that the first entry will always be routed to the first bank of transforming and symbolstoring tubes.

The conducting presetting tube of each bank will prepare the tube in its bank of tubes to be responsive to signal impulses and will continue to be conducting until symbol-representing signal impulses are relayed to that bank and cause the 0 tube therein to be fired and rendered conducting.

The conducting routing control tube renders the relay means for the first bank eifective and prepares the routing-control tube for the second bank for firing in response to the first control impulse to be generated.

The receiving device is now ready to receive signals. As the first burst of impulses is received, these impulses will be passed on to the common impulse conductor and relayed from the common impulse conductor to the first bank of transforming and symbol-storing tubes, and these tubes will be operated one after another in response to these impulses, the last tube to be operated being the symbol-representing tube corresponding to the symbol represented by the burst. After the first burst of impulses has been received, the control impulse generating means operates and sends an impulse to the routing control tubes. The routing control tube for the second bank has been prepared for firing by the conduction in the first tube, and, when thesimpulse is sent to these tubes by the control impulse generating means, the second bank routing control tube is fired and rendered conducting.

,The second bank routing-control tube, when it is fired, causes the first bank routing control tube to be extinguished, and thereby the first bank relay means to return to its normal inoperative state; -prepares the third bank routing control tube for operation in response to the next control impulse; and renders the relay means for the second bank of transforming and symbol-storing tubes operative.

The next burst of impulses will cause the transforming and symbol-storing tubes of the second bank to be fired to set up and store the symbol represented by the second burst of impulses. As before, a control impulse is generated after this burst is received, and will cause the firing of the next routing control tube to prepare the next transforming and symbol-storing bank for the reception of the next burst of impulses. In this way, the successive bursts of impulses are routed to the various banks of transforming and symbolstoring tubes and control the setting of the vari- 4 ous symbols therein.

After the sequence of bursts has been received, the conducting tubes representing the symbols in the various banks can be used to control an indicating means or a recording means or can be used to control the transfer of the symbols directly to other storing means for future use.

It is to be understood that the capacity of the receiving apparatus is not limited to five banks of transforming and symbol-storing tubes, as it is obvious that more banks of transforming and storing tubes could be used if it were desired to increase the capacity of the receiving apparatus.

Thus it is seen that applicants have provided a novel receiving apparatus for reliably and accurately receiving data transmitted thereto over .a single communication channel at a high rate of speed.

Detailed description In the disclosed embodiment of the invention, I

a sending apparatus is adapted to generate and sendfive symbols automatically in succession in the form of bursts of impulses having substan which is represented by ten impulses; however,

the invention is not limited to this particular relation between the symbols and the numbersof impulses assigned thereto, as any desired number of impulses can arbitrarily be assigned to represent 40 any symbol.

Since it is the number of impulses in a burst which indicates the symbol which the b'ursts represent, the impulses can be given sufiicient am plitude at the sending station so that slight variations 'in the amplitude of the impulses which might make up the bursts will not be effective to cause errors in the reception of the data. f;

At the sending station, five symbols to be ransmi-tted are set up on keys, andimpulse generating means is operable, under control, of the keys, to generate five bursts of impulses, the impulses making up the bursts being generated at a rate of about 40 kilocycles. The bursts are transmitted over a single communication channel with a space or time interval of about 150 micro-seconds between successive bursts.

Inasmuch as this application is drawn particularly to the receiving apparatus, the details of the sending apparatus, or impulse-generating means, will not be given herein. Reference may be had I to the parent application, Serial No. 477,096, for details of this apparatus if they are desired.

In the following description, the numerals I, II, III, IV, and V indicate the order in which the symbols are received, and similar nu-.

merals will be applied to the parts of the apparatus which take part inthe reception-of these symbols. i 3 w Receiving apparatus The five bursts of negativepotential impulses,

which are generated in the sendi g apparatus and transmitted to the receiving, apparatus, are ,im-

pressed on signal input terminals 35' 1) of the receiving apparatus The receiving apparatus, shown in Figs. 1 to 8 and at or g.

inclusive, accepts these bursts of impulses one after another and distributes them to different transforming and symbol-storing means.

In this disclosure, the values of the various applied potentials are given with reference to ground. It is not intended that the invention be limited to the use of the particular potentials and values of resistance and capacitance given in the following description, because the potentials applied to the various elements of the tubes are merely selected as convenient potentials for the disclosure, and the circuit elements of resistance and capacitance correspond in relative value to the potentials chosen. t is obvious that other potentials may be used and the values of the circult elements adjusted acordingly to maintain the proper relation between the various parts of the circuit. Throughout the drawings, the cathode heater elements are shown conventionally.

Each transforming and symbol-storing means consists of a group or bank of tubes, and the impulses are effective to selectively render one of the tubes of the group conducting, thereby to indicate and store the symbol which the number of impulses in the burst represents.

In order to set up a representation of the symhols which are received, the receiving apparatus contains a plurality of transforming and symbolstorin means consisting of groups or banks of symbol-representing and -storing tubes which are operable to transform the bursts of impulses into representations of the symbols; routing means which is operated after each burst of impulses has been received and is efiective to route the successive bursts into diflerent transforming and symbol-storing means; and a control impulse generating means which generates an impulse aftor each burst of impulses to cause theaoperation of the routing means.

Control impulse generating means The bursts of negative impulses which are impressed cn the input terminals 35 and 33 (Fig. 1) control the operation of a phase-changing vacuum tube 31, which converts them into bursts of positive impulses. The bursts of positive impulses from tube 31 are used to control an impulse-generating means to generate a control impulse after each burst of impulses has been received, and are also applied to a common impulse conductor 38 (Fig. 7) in the receiving apparatus, whence they are relayed selectively to the various banks of transforming and symbol-storing means in a manner to be described hereinafter.

The control impulse generating means is shown in Fig. 1 and includes a pair of vacuum tubes 40 and 4| connected to operate as a trigger pair; a slow-recovery .control tube 42 for controlling the trigger pair; and a phase-changing and impulsesharpening tube 43 controlled by tube 40 of the trigger pair for impressing an impulse on a firing impulse conductor 44 (Fig. 8) for the routing control device after each burst of impulses has been received.

Tube 4|) of the trigger pair is normally conducting, and tube 4| is normally non-conducting; however, the first impulse of a burst is effective to render tube 4| conducting and tube 4|) non-condition, tube 40 becomes conducting and controls the phase-changing and impulse-sharpening tube 43 to reduce conduction therein and thereby to cause a positive impulse to be impressed-on the firing impulse conductor 44 tor the routing control device.

The circuits describedhereinbelow enable these tubes to function to produce a control impulse after each group of symbol-representing impulses has been received.

The phase-changing tube 3'! is a zero-biased tube and is normally conducting. Anode 45 has a normal positive potential of 18 volts, which is derived from a positive potential of 150 volts applied at terminal 46, over conductor 41, point 48, resistor 49 of 250 ohms, point 50, and resistor 5| of 5,000 ohms. Point 50 is connected to ground over a stabilizing capacitor of .25 microfarad. The screen grid 52 has a potential of volts applied thereto from terminal 53, over conductor 54, point 55, resistor 56 of 500 ohms,'and point 51. Point 51 in this circuit is connected to ground over a stabilizing capacitor of 4 microfarads. The cathode 58 of this tube is connected directly to ground, and the control grid 59 is connected to ground over point 60 and resistor SI of 25,000 ohms.

Point 60 in the circuit for control grid 55 is electrostatically coupled to input terminal 35 over capacitor 62 of 10 micro-microfarads, and, as the negative signal impulses from the sending station are impressed on the terminal, they will cause the potential of the control grid 59 to become negative and reduce conduction in tube 31.

Since tube 31 is normally conducting, its anode 45 will have a normal positive potential of about 18 volts due to the potential drop across resistors 49 and 5|, but, whenever a negative signal impulse is impressed on the control grid and stops conduction in the tube, the potential of the anode 45 will rise and provide a positive impulse. As indicated earlier herein, the amplitude of the impulses which are transmitted is made large enuogh that variations in the amplitude of the impulses may occur during transmission, and the received impulse will still be efiective to cut oil conduction in the phase-changing tube 31. A potential-tapping member 63 cooperates with resistor 5| and enables this potential rise, which occurs each time conduction ceases in tube 31,

to be utilized as a positive impulse for controlling the control impulse generating means, and also to be impressed on the common impulse conductor 38 (Fig. 7) in the receiving apparatus, whence it may be selectively relayed to various banks of transforming and symbol-storing means.

The connection from the potential-tapping member 63 to the common impulse conductor 38 extends over point 64 and terminal 65 (Fig. 1), which is connected to terminal 66 (Fig. 7), to which the common impulse conductor 38 is connected. The manner in which the positive impulses on conductor 38 are relayed to and are effective to operate the transforming and symbolstoring means will be explained hereinafter.

Conductor 61 (Fig. 1) extends from point 34 and enables the positive impulses to control the control impulse generating means.

Thetubes 40 and 4| are connected to form a trigger pair in which tube 40 is normally conducting and tube 4| is normally non-conducting. Anode I0 of tube 4| has a positive potential of volts applied thereto from point H on conductor 41-, over resistor I2 of 250 ohms, point 13, resistor I4 of 5,000 ohms, and conductor 15; and, since tube 4| is normally non-conducting,

' volts.

9 anode 10 will be at a positive potential of 150 Point 13 in this circuit is connected to ground over a stabilizing capacitor of .25 microfarad. Screen grid 16 of tube 4| has a positive potentialof 105 volts applied thereto from point 55 on conductor 54, over resistor 11 of 500 ohms,

.point 18, and conductor 19. Point 18 in this circuit is connected to ground over a stabilizing capacitor of 4 microfarads. The suppressor grid 80 and cathode 8| of tube 4| are connected directly to ground.

The control grid 85 of tube 4| is given a normal negative bias by being connected to a circuit which starts at terminal 86, upon which a negative potential of 150 volts is impressed, and continues to ground over conductor 81, point 88, resistor 89' of 30,000 ohms, and resistor 90 of 10,000 ohms, the connection of the control grid 85 to this circuit being over point 9|, resistor 92 of 25,000 ohms, point 93, and potential-tapping member 94, which cooperates with resistor 90'and is adjustable to enable the proper negative bias to be obtained on the control grid 85. Point 93 in this circuit is connected to ground over a stabilizing capacitor of 10 microfarads. A further connection from point 9| in the control grid circuit extends over point 95 and capacitor 96 of 10 micro-microfarads to conductor 61, upon which is impressed a positive impulse from tube 31 each time a signal-impulse is received over input terminal 35, and enables these positive impulses to be impressed on control grid 85. The trigger connection between control grid 85 of tube 4| and the anode 91 of tube 40 extends from points 9Iand 95, over resistor 98 of 50,000 ohms in parallel with capacitor 99 of 50 micro-microfarads to point I in the anode potential supply circuit for tube 40.

Tube 40 is normally conducting. Anode 91 has a normal positive potential of 20 volts derived from a positive potential of 150 volts applied from point 1| on conductor 41, over resistor 12 and point 13, and over resistor IOI of 5,000 ohms to points I02 and I00. The screengrid I03 of tube 40 has a positive potential of 105 volts applied thereto by beingconnected at point I04 to conductor 19, which also supplies this potential to the screen g1'id16 of tube iI.

Cathode I05 and suppressor grid I06 of tube 40 are connected directly to ground.

The control grid I01 of tube 40 is connected at point I08 to a circuit which starts at point I09 on the negative potential supply conductor 81 and continues over resistor N0 of 150,000 ohms, points III and I08, resistor II2 of 100,000 ohms, and variable resistor N3 of 50,000 ohms to point H4, and thento point II5, to which the anode I20 of control tube 42 is connected. The anode I20 is normally at a positive potential' of about 90 volts and causes the potential of the control grid I01 to be such that tube 40 will be conducting; however, when tube 42 has been rendered conducting and the potential of its anode I20'has dropped, this drop will cause the potential of the control grid I01 tobecome sufliciently negative to prevent conduction from occurring in tube 40. The trigger connection between control grid I01 and the anode 10 of tube 4| extends from point III in the control grid circuit, .over resistor I2I, of 50,000 ohms and capacitor I22 of 50 micro-microfarads in 10 but is rendered conducting each time a positive impulse occurs on conductor 61.

In addition to the circuit traced earlier herein which extends to control grid I01 of tube 40, the anode I20 01 control tube 42 is also connected to ground over points II 4 and H5 and capacitor I25 of 900 micro-microf-arads, and is connected to conductor '41 over point II5, resistor I28 0! 75,000 ohms, point I21, resistor I28 of 500 ohms, and point 1I Point I21 is connected to ground over a stabilizing capacitor of 1 microfarad. The screen grid I 30 of the control tube 42 is connected to point I21 in the circuit between the anode I 20 and the conductor 41. The cathode III of the over point I35, resistor I36 of 100,000 ohms, point I31, and an adjustable potential-tapping member I38, which cooperates with resistor I34 to enable the desired negative bias to be applied to the control grid. Point I31 in this circuit is connected to ground over a stabilizing capacitor of 10 microfarads, and point I35 is electrostatically coupled over capacitor I39 of 50 micro-microfarads and point I40 to conductor 61, which, as explained earlier herein, has a positive impulse impressed thereon each time a signal is received by the receiving apparatus.

Specifically, the operation and control of the tubes 40 and 4| of the trigger pair to produce control impulses are as follows.

When each symbol-representing impulse of a burst is impressed on the input terminal 35 01' the receiving apparatus, it will cause the phasechanging tube 31 to be eiiective to impress a positive impulse on conductor 61. The first impulse of a burst on conductor 61 will be effective tube conducting. When tube 4| becomes conducting, the potential of its anode 10 will drop, and this drop is efiective through the trigger connection to render tube 40 non-conducting.

The firstimpulse on conductor 61 will also be effective; through capacitor I39, to reduce the bias on the control grid I 32 of control tube 42 and render this tube conducting. When the 'control tube 42 becomes conducting, the potential of its anode I 20 will drop, and, since the control grid I01 of. tube 40 is connected to the anode I20, this potential drop will cause the potential of the control grid I01 to become sufii'ciently negative to prevent conduction from occurring in tube 40. The values for capacitor I25 and resistor I26 in the circuit with anode I20 are such that these elements will be efiective to cause the'potential of the anode to rise slowly'after the momentary conduction in' control tube 42, which was caused'by the impulse, has ceased.

The rise in anode potential is so regulated that the next impulse on conductor 61 is effective to render the control tube conducting again before the anode potential has recovered sufiiciently to reduce the bias on control grid I01 to a point where tube 40 will become conducting. As the control tube 42 becomes conducting in response to the next impulseon conductor 61', the potential'oftheanode I20 will drop an amount equal to that which it had recovered after the 'previous conduction in tube 42 has ceased. Accordingly, the potential of the anode I20 will drop when the control tube 42 becomes conducting in response to the first impulse in a burst, and will fluctuate up and down as the successive impulses of the burst cause further conduction in the tube, but will not recover sufiiciently during the receipt of a burst of impulses to enable the potential of the control grid I'I of tube 40 to acquire a value which will enable this tube to become conducting. During the time interval or space between successive bursts of impulses, however, control tube 42 will not be rendered conducting, and the potential of its anode I20 can recover suinciently to be effective to reduce the bias on control grid I01 of .tube 40, and thattube can be rendered conducting.

The adjustable resistor III, which is included in the circuit between the anode I20 and the control grid I01, enables the selection "of the point at which the potential rise of the anode I20 will cause the control grid I01 to lose control, and thus controls the maximum permissible interval that may occur between impulses of a burst without causing a control impulse to be generated.

As long as tube 40 remains non-conducting, it will be efiective, through the trigger connection, to cause tube H to remain conducting between impulses; however, as tube 40 is rendered conducting during the interval between bursts, it will cause tube 4| to become non-conducting, and, as tube 4I becomes non-conducting, it will be effective through the trigger connection to cause a rapid rise in the rate of conduction in tube 40.

The potential of anode 91 of tube 40 will-drop sharply as that tube becomes conducting, and will provide a negative impulse or control impulse after each burst of signal-representing impulses has been received. These control impulses are impressed on the control grid I50 of the phase-changing and impulse-sharpening tube 43, over point I02, capacitor II of 50 micro-microfarads, and point I52.

Thus it is seen that the tubes of the .trigger pair are controlled to produce an impulse after each burst of symbol-representing impulses.

The phase-changing and impulse-sharpening tube 43 is normally conducting but is rendered non-conducting each time tube 40 becomes conducting. The anode I 53 of tube 43 has a positive potential of 150 volts applied thereto by a circuit starting from point 48 on conductor 41 and continuing over resistor I54 of 250 ohms, point I55, and resistor I56 of 5,000 ohms. Point I55 in this circuit is connected to ground over a stabilizing capacitor of .25 microfarad. Although anode I53 has a positive potential of 150 volts applied thereto, it will have a normal positive potential of about 20 volts because of the drop across resistor I50. Screen grid I51 has'a positive potential of 105 volts applied thereto over point 18 on conductor 19, which, as explained earlier herein, also supplies this potential to the screen grids of the tubes of the trigger pair. The suppressor grid I58 and cathode I59 of this tube are connected directly to ground, and its control grid I50 is connected to ground over point I52 and resistor I00 of 10,000 ohms.

When conduction is decreased in tube 43 as tube 40 becomes conducting, the potential of anode I58 will rise from its normal potential of 20 volts toward 150 volts, and this rise is impressed as a positive impulse on the firing impulse conductor 44 (Fig. 8) of the routing control device by means of a potential-tapping member I 5 I, which cooperates with resistor I58 and is also connected to terminal I52. which is connected to terminal I63 (Fig. 8), to which the firing impulse conductor 44 is connected. The manner in which these impulses cause the routing control device to operate will be explained fully hereinafter.

Transforming and symbol-storing means In the disclosed embodiment, the receiving apparatus contains five banks of transforming and symbol-storing means; however, the number of banks may be increased or decreased if desired. The five banks are shown in Figs. 2 to 6 inclusive and are given the reference numerals I, II," III, "IV, and ."V" to indicate the order in which they operate and the symbols which they will store. Since the circuits for the various banks are similar, the operation of all the banks will be clear from a description of one of the banks.

Referring to Fig. 2, which shows the bank for transforming the first burst of impulses into a single representation of a symbol and for storing this symbol, it is seen that a bank of transforming and symbol-storing means contains a plurality of gaseous electron tubes. These tubes are of the type having an internal potential drop of about 15 volts when conducting, and having an anode, a cathode, and a control grid which is given a negative bias with respect to the cathode 'and will prevent the tube from firing until this bias is reduced to less than 15 volts negative with respect to the cathode. Of the plurality of gaseous electron tubes in the bank, there is a presetting tube Preset, which is fired before reception takes place, and a symbol-representing tube for each of the-digits "0 to 9 inclusive, although in this figure the tubes for the digits "3" to "6 inclusive have been omitted to simplify the showing of the bank, 'as their circuits are identical with those for the other tubes and an understanding of the operation of the bank can be had from the circuits shown.

The tubes in the bank are connected for sequential firing, beginning with the presetting tube, and continuing with the symbol-storing tubes for the digits from 0 to 9 inclusive, in that order. The symbol-storing tubes are fired one after another in response to impulses relayed to a firing impulse conductor from the common impulse conductor 38 (Fig '1). As each tube in the sequence is fired, it extinguishes any previously conducting tube, the last tube to be fired in any bank remaining conducting and serving to provide for the storage of a single representation of the symbol represented by the number of impulses in the burst.

The tubes of the bank can respond accurately to the impulses impressed thereon at a rate of about 40 kilocycles and accordingly provide a fast and reliable means for transforming the bursts of impulses into a direct representation of the symbol corresponding to the number of impulses in a burst.

The tubes which are conducting in the various banks at the end of a transmitting operation can be inspected to show directly the symbols stored in the various banks, can be used to control a remote indicating or recording apparatus, or can be used to transfer the symbols directly to other storing means.

The circuits for supplying the potentials and operative connections between the tubes of a bank are as follows:

Negative potential is supplied to the cathodes of the tubes of this bank (Fig. 2) by means of parallel circuits, one for each tube, extending to ground from a negative potential conductor I10, to which a negative potential of 150 Volts is applied at terminal "I. The circuit for the "8 tube is representative and extends from the supply conrluctor I10 at point I12, over resistor I13 of 150,000 ohms, point I14, resistor I15 of 100,000 ohms, points I16, I11, and I18, and to ground over resistor I19 of 15,000 ohms in parallel with resistor I80 of 2,500 ohms and capacitor IBI of .002 microfarad in series. Cathode I82 of the 8 tube is connected to this circuit at point I11 and has a negative potential of approximately 9 volts when the tube is not conducting. When the tube is conducting, the potentialof the cathode I82 will rise to a positive potential of about 48 volts.

The "9 tube, the last tube in the sequence, has

a cathode potential supply circuit which is equivalent to the other circu ts. This circuit extends from point I83 on the potential supply conductor I10, over resistor I84 of 150,000 ohms, resistor I85 of 100.000 ohms, points I86, I81, and I88. and to this terminal is connected to terminal 213 (Fig. 7) V of the relay means which relays the impulses from the common impulse conductor 38 to this bank. The normal negative bias of the grids of these tubes is sufficient to render the firing impulses inefiective to cause the firing of the tubes; however, if any tube has been primed by I the conduction in another tube in the sequence,

ground over resistor I89 of 15,000 ohms in parallel with a resistor I90 of 2.500 ohms in series with a capacitor I9I of .002 microfe ad. Cathode I92 of the 9 tube is connected to this circuit at point I86.

The cathode potential supply circuits for all the tubes except the 9 tube are used to supply negative biasing potential for the control grids of the tubes next in the sequence, the connection being from the cathode circuit of one tube to the control grid of the next tube in the sequence. These connections enable the sequential firing of the tubes by utilizing. the potential rise of the cathode of one tube to prime the next tube to be operated, so that the next tube may be fired and rendered conducting when the next impulse is impressed on the firing impulse conductor I95. The grid of the 9 tube. for instance, is connected over resistor I96 of 50.000 ohms, point I91, resistor I98 of 500,000 ohms. point I99, and con ductor 200 to point I14 in the cathode potential supply circuit for the '8 tube, from which point it derives a normal negative biasing potential of about 65 volts when the 8 tube is not conducting. When the 8 tube becomes conducting and its cathode potential rises, it will cause the biasing potential of the grid of the 9 tube to be reduced to almost its critical point, so that the 9 tube can respond to the next firing impulse which is impressed on the bank. A capacitor 20I of 250 micro-microfarads connects point I 99' in the grid circuit with point I16 in'the cathode circuit to speed up the application of the potential rise on the grid of the 9 tube when the 8 tube becomes conducting.

Thepresetting tube-Preset', being the first tube in the series, does not have its control grid connected to the cathode potential supply'circuit for another tube, but has a negative biasing potential of about 65 volts supplied thereto by an equivalent circuit extending from point 205 on the conductor I10, over resistor 206 of 120,000 ohms, points 207 and 208, and resistor 209 of 90,000 ohms to ground,to which the control grid 2") is connected at point'208.

The grids of the tubes in the sequence from the 0 tube to the 9'tube are electrostatically coupled to the firing impulse conductor I95 by means of capacitors of 10 micro-microfarads, as capacitor 2II, by which point I91 in the'grid circuit of the 9- tube is connected to the firing impulse conductor I95. The firing impulseconductor I95 extends from the terminal 2I2, and

the bias of the grid of the primed tube will have been reduced sufiiciently that the firing impulse can cause that tube to fire and become conductmg.

The anodes of the tubes of this bank-are connected to a common anode supply conductor 2I5, which is connected over resistor zlfi of 2,000 ohms, point 2| 1, and resistor 2"! id; 250 ohms to terminal 2I9, which has a positivepotential of 75 volts applied thereto. Point 2!! is connected to ground over a stabilizing capacitor of .25 microfarad.

The presetting tube Preset is fired by a circuit which may be closed by any convenient means prior to the reception of data. For simplicity in the diagram, the circuit is shown closed by a presetting key 220. The circuit starts at terminal 22I, upon which a positive potential of 150 volts is impressed, and continues over conductor 222, key 220, conductor 223, and resistor 224 of 120,000 ohms, to point 201 in the circuit for the control grid 2). When this circuit is closed by the key 220, it applies positive potential to the grid and causes its potential to become more positive than the cathode, which causes the tube to fire and become conducting.

The operation of the bank is as follows:

The presetting tube Preset is fired by momentary depression of the presetting key 220 be fore reception of data takes place, The firing of this tube extinguishes any previously conducting tube in the bank and primes the 0 tube, so that the first impulse of the burst which is relayed to the firing impulse conductor I of the bank will cause the 0 tube to be fired and become conducting. The firing of the 0" tube will extinguish the preset tube, and conduction in the 0 tube will prime the 1" tube. The succeeding impulses of the burst will fire the tubes 1, 2, 3, and so on, depending upon the number of impulses in the burst. After the last impulse in the burst has fired a tube, that tube will remain conducting and will thereby store the symbol and provide a visual indication of the symbol which was represented by the burst. The conducting tube will be theonly tube in the bank having its cathode at a positive potential, and conductors, as 225, extending from the cathodes of the symbol-representing tubes, can be sensed forthis condition by anysuitable means and can control a remote indicating or recording mechanism or can be used to control the direct transfer oi the setting of the bank to another storage means.

The other banks fortransforming and storand 229 (Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6), which are operated momentarily before reception takes place and cause the presetting tubes to be fired. The,

circuits for firing the presetting tubes are shown closed by individual keys for simplicity in the showing of the circuits, but it is obvious that all these circuits could be closed byv contacts of a single presetting relay or by some other similar construction;

15 The

firing impulse conductors

230, 231, 232, and 233 for the II, III," IV, and. V banks (Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6) are connected to

terminals

234, 235, 236, and 231 which terminals are connected to

terminals

238, 239, 240, and 241, re-

spectively (Fig. '1), of the relay means for the Routing means Routing means, consisting of relay means and a routing control device, are provided in the receiving apparatus to route the successive bursts of impulses into the difierent banks of transforming and symbol-storing means.

A plurality of relay means, one for each bank of transforming and symbol-storing means, are

. used to selectively relay the impulses from the common conductor 38 to the firing impulse conductors of different banks of transforming and symbol-storing means. The several relay means are normally unresponsive to the impulses on the common impulse conductor 38 but can be successively primed or made responsive under control of the routing control device, so that different relay means will be responsive to the successive bursts of impulses, and can cause the successive bursts of impulses to control the setting of the symbols in the various banks.

The routing control device (Fig. 8) includes a control tube for each relay means, and these control tubes, which are gaseous electron tubes of the same type as those used in the banks of transforming and symbol-storing tubes, are connected for sequential step-by-step operation each time a control impulse is impressed on the routing control device. As each control tube is fired and becomes conducting, it extinguishes any previously conducting control tube of the device; primes its related relay means to render it effective to relay impulses from the impulse conductor 38; and primes the next control tube in the sequence so that it will fire and become conducting when the next control impulse is impressed on the routing control device.

Inasmuch as a control impulse is generated in the receiving apparatus after each burst of impulses has been received, it is necessary to fire the control tube for the first bank before the first burst is received. The firing of the first control tube will extinguish any previously conducting control tube which might have remained conducting from a previous operation of the device, andinsures that the first burst of impulses will be entered in the first bank of transforming andsymbol-storing means.

The routing control device is shown in Fig. 8, in which the control tubes are given the reference numerals I, I[," III, IV, and V to indicate with which of the bursts they are operative. As the circuits for the various control tubes of the routing control device are similar, it is believed that the operation of the device will be clear from a description of representative circuits.

Potential is supplied to cathode 245 of the -I 16' control tube by a circuit which has two branches, one of which is also utilized to supply a nega-' tive biasing potential for the relay means related to the I control tube, and the other of which is also utilized to supply negative biasing potential to the control grid 246 for the "II" control tube. The one branch extends from a negative potential supply conductor 241, to which a negative potentiaf of 150 volts is applied at terminal 248, and continues over point 249, resistor 250 of 300,000 ohms, point 251, and resistor 252 of 150,000 ohms to

points

253, 254, and 255. The other branch extends from the potential supply conductor 241 at point 256 and continues over resistor 251 of 300,000 ohms, point 258, and resistor 259 of 200,000 ohms to the points 254 and 255. From the points 254 and 255, the two branches continue to ground over resistor 260 of 15,000 ohms in parallel with resistor 26l of 2,500 ohms and capacitor 262 of .002 microfarad in series. The cathode 245 is connected at point 254 in this circuit and is given a negative potential of approximately '7 volts whenever the tube is not conducting. When the tube is conducting, the electron discharge therein enables a positive potential applied to the anode to be applied to the cathode and will cause the potential of the cathode to rise to-a positive po-- tential of about 48 volts.

A circuit extends from point 251 in said one branch and continues over conductor 242, point 243, conductor 263, and terminal 264, which is connected to terminal 265 (Fig. '7) and supplies a negative biasing potential of about 55 volts to the relay means for the first bank of transforming. and symbol-storing means. This circuit also enables the potential rise of the cathode 245, due to conduction in the control tube, to be used to reduce the negative bias or "prime the relay means.

A capacitor 266 of 50 micro-microfarads is connected between

points

253 and 243 to cause the change in potential to be applied rapidly when the relay means is primedby the potential rise of the cathode.

A circuit extends from said other branch of the cathode potential supply circuit at point 258 and continues over resistor 261 of 500,000 ohms, point 268, and resistor 268 of 50,000 ohms to grid 246 of the "11 control tube to supply this grid with a normal negative potential of about 64 volts. This circuit enables the 11" tube to be primed by having this negative potential reduced almost to the critical point by the potential rise of cathode 245 when the 1" tube is conducting.

Grid 246 of the II tube is connected over point 268 and capacitor 210 of 10 micro-microfarads to the impulse conductor 44, which is connected to terminal I63, upon which is impressed a positive impulse by the control impulse generating means after each burst of impulses has been received. These positive impulses will be able to fire only that tube of the bank which has been primed.

The 1 tube is the first tube in the sequence, and its grid cannot derive its negative bias from I the cathode potential supply circuit of a preresponse to control impulses which are generated after the bursts have been received, the "I" routing control tube must be fired from a dinerent source before the first burst is received, in order that the relay means for the first transforming and symbol-storing bank can be primed and will respond to all the impulses of the first burst. This may be accomplished in any convenient manner; for instance, a presetting key 211 (Fig. 8) can be momentarily depressed to close a circuit starting from terminal 218, upon which a positive potential of 150 volts is impressed, and continuing over the key 211, resistor 219 of 150.000 ohms to point 213 in the circuit of grid 215. The application of this positive potential to the grid 215 will reduce the negative bias of the grid sufllciently to cause the tube to fire and become conducting, thereby rendering the relay means for the first bank of transforming. and symbol-storing means operative and preparing the II routing control tube for firing in response to the control impulse which is generated after the first burst of impulses has been received. The circuit closed by key 211 may be closed by a presetting relay along with the presetting circuits of the. transforming and symbol-storing banks, as explained earlier herein.

Potential is applied to the anode 280 of the "1 tube by means of a circuit starting at terminal 28I, upon which is impressed a positive potential of .75 volts, and extending over resistor 282 of 250 ohms, point 283, resistor 284 of 2,000

ohms, and conductor 285, to which anode 280 is connected. The anodes of the other tubes are also connected to conductor 285, and, when none of the tubes is conducting, the potential of the anodes will be 75 bolts, but,'when any .tube is conducting, this potential is reduced to about 65 volts due to the

resistors

282 and 284. Point 283 in this circuit is connected to ground over a capacitor of 8 microfarads to absorb the shock of an abrupt application of orchange in potential in this circuit. The common resistance in the anode potential supply circuit enables the firingv of any tube of the routing control device to extinguish conduction in any previously conducting tube in the device in the manner explained earlier herein.

From the above description, it is clear that the control tubes in the routing control device will be fired one after another as the control impulses are generated after the successive bursts are received, and will prime the relay means for the several banks one after another in succession. The relay means are shown in Fig. 7 and con-, sist of a pair of vacuum tubes for each transforming and symbol-storing bank, which relay means have been given the reference numerals "1, II, III, IV, and ?V to indicate with which bank of transforming and symbol-storing tubes they are related, and also to indicate the order in which they operate. A description or the relay means shown at I in Fig. '7 will be given, and, as the relay means for the other banks are similar, it is believed that an understanding of these means and their operation will be clear from this description.

Tubes 290 and 29l which constitute the means for relaying impulses from-the common impulse conductor 38 to the first bank of transforming and symbol-storing tubes, are normally inoperacome. The tube 290 is "primed by having the negative bias of its grid 292reduced, and in this condition the tube can respond to the positive potential impulses on the common impulse conductor 38 and can cause the impulses to be relayed to the firing impulse conductor I95 (Fig. 2) for the first bank of transforming and symbolstoring tubes.

The cathode 293 of tube 290 is connected directly to ground. The anode 294 of this tube is given a positive potential or 150 volts over a circuit starting at terminal 295, upon which is impressed a positive potential of 150 volts, and a continuing over potential supply conductor 298, point 291, resistor 298 of 500 ohms, points 299 and 300, resistor 301 of 5,000 ohms, and point 302 to the anode 294. The screen grid 303 is given a normal positive potential of 150 volts by being connected to point 300 in the above anode ciently negative that the tube 290 is not responsive to the positive potential impulses on the impulse conductor 38, but, when the I control tube of the routing control device is conducting, the potential rise of its cathode 245 will reduce the negative potential of grid 292, or prime" the tube 290 so that it will be capable of respond- .ingto the impulses on conductor 38 and become conducting each-time an impulse occurs-on that 1 conductor.

' ohms, and also electrostatically connected to the tive to relay the positive impulses from the com- Whenever tube 290 becomes conducting, the potential of its anode 294 will drop due to the resistors 298 and 30| in its anode potentialsupplycircuit, and, through an electrostatic connection from point 302 in this circuit over capacitor 308 of micro-mlcrofarads and point 309, thisdrop is applied as a negative potential impulse,

on control grid 3l0 of the phase-changing and amplifying tube 29l.

Tube 29! is a zero-biased tube and is normally conducting. This tube has its cathode 3| l direct-' ly connected to ground; its screen grid 312 connected over point M3 and resistor *3i4- of 500 ohms, point M5, and conductor 3l8 to terminal 3", to which is applied a positive potential of volts; and its control grid 310 connected to ground from point 309 over resistor 3I8 of 10,000

anode-294 of tube-290, as explained above.

The anode 320 of the phase-changing andampliiying tube 29!. is connected over resistor 32| of 5,000 ohms, point 322, and resistor 323 of 250 ohms to point 324 on-the potential supply conductor 298, which'is connected to terminal 295, to which is applied'a positive potential of volts. Point 322 in this circuit is connected to ground over a stabilizing capacitor of' .25 microfarad. As this-tube is normally conducting,

anode 320 will normally have a-potential of about 16 volts, but, whenever a negative potentialimpulse is impressed on the control grid, conduction in the tube will be reduced and the potential or I the anode will rise. A potential-tapping member 325 cooperates with resistor 32! to enable this ductor I95 of the first bank of transforming and symbol-storing means to cause the firing of the tubes in that bank. The connection from the potential-tapping member 325 tothe firing impulse conductor extends from the potentialtapping member 325 over conductor 326 to terminal 2l3, which, as explained above, is connected to terminal 2l2 (Fig. 2), to which the firing impulse conductor I95 is connected.

The other relay means will, when effective, relay impulses from the common impulse conductor 38 to the firing impulse conductors of their respective banks.

Terminals 321, 328,329, and 330 (Fig. 8),.

which are connected to

terminals 33L

332, 333, and 334, respectively (Fig. '7), supply biasing potential to the various relay means and enable the II," III, IV, and V" tubes of the routing control device to prime the relay means one after another to enable the bursts of impulses to be routed to the proper banks of transforming and symbol-storing means.

As explained earlier herein, terminal 238 (Fig.

7) is connected to terminal 234 (Fig. 3), to which the firing impulsero'nductor 230 for the second bank is connected, and enables the relay means to impress as many firing impulses on this conductor as there are impulses in the second symbol-representing burst of impulses impressed on conductor 38.

Similarly,

terminals

239, 240, and 2 (Fig. '7) are connected to

terminals

235, 236, and 231 of Figs. 4, 5, and 6, respectively, to enable the third, fourth, and fifth bursts of impulses to be relayed to the firing

conductors

23f, 232, and 233 of their respective banks of transforming and symbol-' storing means.

- Th by the operation of the routing means, the successive bursts of impulses which are received are automatically sent to the proper banks of transforming. and symbol-storing means, where the bursts are transformed into single representations of the various symbols and are stored.

Operation The receiving apparatus is preset or prepared for reception by firing, in any convenient manner, a presetting tube in each of the plurality of banks of transforming and symbol-storing tubes and by firing the first control tube of the routing control device. This presetting operation clears the banks of transforming and symbol-storing tubes of any symbols which remained therein from a previous operation, and conditions the routing control device to prime the relay means for the first bank of transforming and symbol-storing 'tubes so that the first burst of impulses will be routed to that bank.

The receiving apparatus, being controlled by the number of signals received, is not critical as to their form, so that slight variations in the signal strength which may occur during transmission will not be effective to cause erroneous re- I ception of the data transmitted. This condition eliminates the necessity of preserving the exact signal form in transmission and enables the system to operate reliably without being excessively critical.

The negative impulses which are generated in the sending apparatus at a rate of about 40 kilocycles and transmitted to the receiving apparatus are impressed on the receiving apparatus. These V. which passes them to the relay means for the various banks of transforming and symbol-storing means and also passes the impulses to the control impulse generating means to cause this means to generate a control impulse after each burst of impulses has been received.

The control impulse generating means contains a pair of tubes connected as a trigger pair, in which one of the tubes is normally conducting as long as no impulses are being received, and contains a slow-recovering control tube which is effective to prevent the normally conducting tube from returning to conducting condition as long as the impulses of a burst, are being received, The first impulse of a burst is operative to reverse the state of conductivity of the tubes of the trigger pair and alsoto operate the slow-recovery control tube which prevents the trigger pair from returning to normal condition after the first impulse has ceased to control. The control tube is affected by each impulse of a burst, and its recovery is sufficiently slow that it will maintain the trigger pair in its operated state as long as impulses of a burst are received. The control tube will recover during the time interval between bursts, however, and allow the tubes of the trigger pair to resume their normal state of conductivity. As the normally conducting tube of the trigger pair resumes its conducting condi-,

tion, it is effective to generate a control impulse, which is impressed on a routing control device to cause an operation of the device.

The routing control device, asit operates, is effective to render the relay means for the various banks of transforming and symbol-storing means operable one after another to enable the various bursts to be relayed to the proper banks-of transforming and symbol-storing tubes.

The impulses which are relayed to the various banks of transforming and symbol-storing means will cause the step-by-step operation of the tubes of the banks to transform the different numbers of impulses in the bursts into single representations of the symbols, so that, at the end of the receiving operation, those tubes which have been fired and remain conducting in the various banks will correspond to the keys which were set in the sending apparatus and will provide an indication of the symbols making up the data which has been transmitted and received.

In applicantsf novel communication system, therefore, in which the symbols are transformed into spaced bursts of different numbers of rapidly recurring like impulses and are transmitted without allocation control impulses to a receiving apparatus, the receiving apparatus generate a control impulse after each burst of symbol-representing impulses and is controlled jointly by the symbol-representing impulses and the control impulses to properly allocate the symbol-representing impulses and to transform the different numbers of symbol-representing impulses back into directrepresentations of the symbols. Since all the signals are alike and have the same significance, the system has the further advantage that it is not necessary to maintain a distinction between the various signals, and slight variations in the signals can be permitted without affecting the accuracy of the transmission of data.

Due to the fact that relatively small numbers of impulses are used to represent the'symbols, and due to the fact that the impulses are generated at the super-sonic frequency of about 40 kilocycles, the impulse train by which data is transmitted is of such short duration that unauthorized interception of the data is extremely diflicult.

While the form of the invention shown and described herein is admirably adapted to fulfill the objects primarily stated, it is-to be understood that it is not intended to confine the invention to the one form or embodiment disclosed herein, for it is susceptible of embodiment in various forms all coming within the scope of the claims which i'ollow.

What is claimed is:

1. In a receiving apparatus for a communication system in which different numbers of signal impulses are assigned to represent diii'erent symbols which may be transmitted and in which a symbol is transmitted as a burst of impulses containing a number of equal amplitude impulses greater than is necessary to properly operate the receiving apparatus so that variations in the amplitude of the impulses during transmission will not afiect the operation of the receiving apparatus, the combination of a plurality of means difierentially operable'in response to the difierent numbers of impulses representing the symbols, to transform the signals into direct representations of these symbols; input means which responds in the same manner to each signal impulse and upon which the bursts of signal impulses representing the various symbols being received are impressed one after another with a, space or time interval between bursts; an impulse conductor common to said plurality of differentially operable means and upon which an impulse is impressed by the input means when each signal'impulse is impressed on the input means; a normally inoperable relay device related to each ofsaid plurality of difierentially operable mea said relays being effective one at a time for selectively relaying impulses thereto from the impulse conductor; control means upon which an impulse is, impressed by the input means each time a signal impulse is impressed on the input means andwhich is operable to generate a control impulse during the space between bursts; said control means including a pair of vacuum tubes connected to form a trigger pair in which one of the tubes is normally conducting and the other of thetubes mally non-conducting, including means controlled from the input means for impressing the signal impulses on said other tube of the'trigger pair to cause that tube to become conducting, and through the trigger connection, to cause said one tube of the pair to become non-conducting, including quick-acting, slow-recovery means controlled by signal impulses from the input means to apply a bias to said one tube of the trigger pair to prevent it from again'becoming conducting as long as impulses of the burst are impressed on the input means, and including means controlled by the trigger-pair to generatea control impulse for each complete excursion or the trigger pair and means operated by the control impulse generated by the control means to cause the various relay means to be operable one at a'tim e in succession and be effective to relay the impulses of the successive bursts from the common impulse conductor to different ones of said plurality oi' diiferentially operable means to causedirect representations of the symbols represented by the bursts of signal impulses to be setup.

2. In a receiving apparatus for a communication system in which difi'erent numbers of impulses are assigned to represent different symbols which may be transmitted and in which the imis nor- 22 pulses for each symbol are substantially identical, the combination of a plurality of banks of gaseous electron tubes; means connecting the tubes in each bank for step-by-step operation in sequence in response to the impulses, the different numbers of impulses forming bursts and causing different numbers of tubes to be operated to provide direct representations of the symbols; input means upon which bursts of impulses are impressed in succession, each burst containing a number of substantially identical impulses according to the symbol which it represents; a common impulse conductor having an impulse impressed thereon by the input means for each impulse in each burst that is received; a thermionic valve related to each of said plurality of banks for selectively relayin impulses from the commonconductor to its related bank of tubes to cause a number of tubes therein to be operated according to one of the bursts of signals; means normally giving the thermionic valves a suflicient bias so that they will not respond to the impulses; conis normally non-conducting;

coming conducting as long as impulses of the trol impulse generating means controlled-by the input means to generate a control impulse for each burst of impulses impressed on the input means; electronic devices; circuits interconnecting the electronic devices in a chain to be operable one at a time in sequence by the control impulses, said interconnecting circuits enabling conduction in a device of the chain to prime the next device in the chain for operation in response to the next control impulse impressed on the chain; and circuits connecting the electronic devices to the thermionic valves for reducing the .bias on the thermionic valves one after another as the devices operate in sequence to enable the valves to respond to the impulses and route the successive bursts into different banks of tubes.

3. In an impulse generating means, the combination of a pair of vacuum tubes connected to form a trigger pair in which one of the tubes is normally conducting and the other of the tubes input means upon which impulses of a group of impulses are impressed; means controlled from the input means for impressing the impulses on said other tube of the trigger pair to cause that tube to become conducting, and, through-the trigger connection,

to cause said one tube to become non-conducting; quick-acting, slow-recovery means controlled by the impulses from the input means to apply. a bias to said one tube to preventit from again begroup are impressed on the input means; and

means controlled by an impulse lior each trigger pair.

4. In a device responsive to a group of impulses,

complete, excursion of the the combination of, a pair of vacuum tubes con- .for applying a bias on said one nected to form a trigger pair in which one tube is normally conducting and the other tube is normally non-conducting; means to impress the impulses of a group on said non-conducting tube conducting and,

cause said one tube to become non-conducting; a control tube; means to impress said impulses tube; and means controlled by said control tube tube of the trigger pair to prevent conduction therein as'lon as impulses in a group are impres'ed on the con-' trol'tube; said means controlled by the control tube removing the bias and allowing the normally pair to return tor all the impulses conducting tube of the trigger its normal conducting state at the trigger pair to generate on said control ducting tube to cause that tube to become conducting and, through the trigger connection, cause said one tube to become non-conducting; a control tube; means to impress said impulses on said control tube to cause said tube to be operated for each impulse; means controlled by said control tube' as it is operated by the impulses, for quickly applying a bias on said one tube and maintaining the bias between successive impulses of a group to prevent conduction in said one tube as long as impulses in a group are impressed. on the. control tube; said means controlled by the control tube removing the bias and allowing the normally conducting tube of the trigger pair to return to'its normal conducting state during the time interval or space between groups of impulses;

and means enabling said tubes of the trigger pair to generate a signal in'response to each group of impulses.

6. In a device responsive to spaced groups of tubes connected to form a trigger pair in which one tube is normally conducting and the other tube is normally non-conducting; means to impress the impulses of the groups on said nonimpulses, the combination of a pair of vacuum conducting tube to cause that tube to become conducting and, through the trigger connection, cause said one tube to become-non-conducting; a control tube; means to impress said impulses on said control tube; and quick-acting, slow-recovery means controlled by said control tube for applyin a bias on said one tube and operable, due to the slow-recovery characteristic, to maintain the bias and prevent conduction in said tube as long as impulses in a burst are impressed on the control tube; said slow-recovery meansrecoveb =ing sufliciently to remove the bias and allow the normally conducting tubeoi the trigger pair to return to its normal conducting state during the time interval or space between bursts; and said tubes of the trigger pair generating a signal for each excursion ofthe pair from its norm-a1 condition.

7. In a device responsive to a group of impulses, the combination of a pair of vacuum tubes having elements therein connected to enable the tubes to operate as a trigger pair in which one tube is normally conducting and the other tube is normally non-conducting; means to impress the impulses of a group on one of the elements of the non-conducting tube to cause that tube to become conducting and, through the trigger conection, cause said one tube to become non-conducting; a control tube having elements therein; means to impress the impulses of a group on one of the elements of the control tube to cause that tube to respond to each impulse of the group; quick-acting, slow-recovery means, including a resistor and capacitor connected to another element of said control tube and rendered operable thereby, for applying and maintainin a bias on one of the elements of said one tube to prevent its return to conducting condition as long as the impulses of a group are impressed on the control tube; and a resistor connected to one of the elements of one of the trigger tubes to enable an' 'npulse to be derived therefrom for each complete excursion of operation of the trigger pair.

8.-In a device responsive to spaced groups of impulses, which impulses of the groups occur at substantially uniform predetermined intervals, the combination of a first vacumn tube having at least a control grid and an electrode; means to impress the impulses on the control grid to cause the tube to become conducting in response to each of the impulses; potential supplying means including a high resistance and a large capacitance connected to the electrode to control potential variations of the electrode as the tube responds to said impulses, said capacitance being connected across the tube and the value of said resistance and capacitance being such that the potential of the electrode will drop sharply from a normal value to a predetermined value as the tube becomes conducting in response to the first impulse of a group but will return slowly while the tube is non-conducting between impulses and will not reach said normal value before the tube responds to the next impulse of 'the group and causes the potential of the electrode to drop again to said predetermined value, thereby preventing the potential ofthe electrode from returning to its normal value as long as impulses areimpressed on the tube. at said predetermined intervals; a normally conducting second vacuum tube having a control grid to control conduction therein; additional means upon which the impulses are impressed and which is operable in response to the first impulse'of ia group to apply a bias to the control grid of said second tube to render the second tube non-conducting; and a circuit connecting the electrode of the first tube to the control grid of the second tube to enable variations in the potential of the electrode of the first tube in response to the impulses to prevent conduction in the second vacuum tube as long as impulses are impressed on said first tube at said predetermined intervals.

9. In a device responsive to spaced groups of impulses, which impulses of the groups occur at substantially uniform predetermined intervals, the combination of a first vacuum tube havin at least a control grid and an electrode; means to impress the impulses on the control grid to cause the tube to become conducting in response to each of the impulses; potential supplying means including a high resistance and a large capacitance connected to the electrode to control pr tential variations of the electrode as the tube responds to said impulses, said capacitance being connected across the tube and the value of said resistance and capacitance being such that the potential of the electrode will drop sharply from a normal value to a predetermined value as the tube becomes conducting in response to the first impulse of a group but will return slowly while the tube is non-conducting during the interval between impulses and will not reach said normal value before the tube responds to the next impulse of the group and causes the potential of the electrode to drop again to said predetermined value, thereby preventing the potential of the electrode from returning to its normal value as long as impulses are impressed on the tube at said predetermined intervals; a negative potential source; a potential dividing resistance network connect! ing the electrode of said firsttube to the negative potential source, the potential in said network varying as the potential of said electrode varies in response to impulses applied to said first tube; a