US2464853A - Governor - Google Patents

Description

5 Sheets-Sheet 2 DE MARCO GOVERNOR al Ibm 1 March 22,1949.

Filed Maron 12, 1947 March 22, 1949. L DE MARCO A GOVERNOR Filed March 12. 1947 3 She'ets-Sheet 3 m/W A INVENTOR. v oa/.5 @6W/Rca BY W Why/n imm@ Antw/Veys Pafenied Mar. 22, 1949 UNITED STATES PATl-:m'A 0F11 GOVERNOR Louis De Marco, Cleveland, Ohio Application March 12, 194,7', Serial No. 734,279 '4 claims. (ci. zei-15) and sudden fluctuations of load, as for example farm tractor engines. In the interest of eilicient operation of the tractor and also in the interestv of long life of the engine and-other moving parts of a tractor, engine speed should be maintained y nearly constant even though the load must be thrown on or off very rapidly as when plows or other earth working tools are loweredinto the ground while the tractor is in motion or are lifted out of the ground under similar circumstances.

In order to satisfy the requirements of a governor for the purpose mentioned the increasing centrifugal force of revolving weights as the speed increases must be nicely balanced against the increasing force of a spring as it is placed under increasingly heavier stress, and in order that there may be an immediate yresponseto speed variations in either direction friction must be held to a minimum. l

In accordance with the foregoing it is an object of the present invention to provide governor mechanism wherein the weights may be of mini- -mum mass and wherein the effect of centrifugal force as speed increases shall be caused to through an increasing leverage.

Another object is to provide for such increasing leverage by forming the lever with a curved surface which is caused to roll upon a cooperating surface as the power arm of the lever lengthens, thus avoiding slippage and consequentfriction.

A further object is the provision of a mechanism of the character stated in which the center of mass of each weight swings in an arc that approximates a radial line, while the arc of moveact ment of the lever which constitutes a part of the weight approximates a straight line parallel to the axis of the governor, whereby the arcs having the greatest useful movement for a given angle are utilized.

Other objects and features of novelty will ap.

pear as I proceed with the description of that embodiment of the invention which, for the purposes of the present application, I have illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a vertical central sectional view of a governor embodying the invention, showing the mechanism in idling position.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. l with the parts in a position such as they would assume were the manual control set for high speed and the load became excessively heavy.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken substantially on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a detail sectional view'A taken substantially on the line 1 4 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is an elevational view showing a manual control. Y I

Fig. 61s a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 6-46 lof Fig. 2, and

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on theline 'l-l of Fig. 1. v

In the drawings a governor casing of inverted cup shape is shown at l0. A base Il closes the open end of the, cup and carries an antifriction bearing l2 in vwhich is supported'a collar i3 fixed' upon the governor shaft I4. The upper end of the shaft is mounted in anantifriction bearing .IE pressed into a. socket in the top of the casing. While I prefer to mount the governor in such manner as to position the shaft I4 vertically, the mechanism will function in other positions.

Just above the collar I3 there is xed upon shaft ld a bracket comprising a sleeve IB and a pair of parallel spaced walls il, the sleeve and spaced walls being formed preferably as an integral castlng which of course turns with the shaft. The walls il of the bracket have bearings therein for a pair of pivots ld that are parallel to each other and disposed in a plane normal to the shaft It. These pivots are relatively close to the shaft. They support two weights I9, the centers of gravity of which vare approximately at the points marked 2li in the drawing. Each of these weights is hollowed out on its inner lower side as indicated at 2i so as .to straddle the sleeve It, the latter constituting a stop to limit the inward movement of the weights and permitting the centers `of gravity 2t to assume positions in which they are spaced from shaft lll a distance less than the distance of pivots i8 from the shaft.

, The centers of gravity 20 therefore swing between inner and outer positions through an are cally opposed arms 25 with inner surfaces 2S which are inwardly and upwardly inclined and which contact the curved surfaces 23 of the weights. This inward and upward inclination, as viewed in the drawings, I have referred to hereinafter as undercutting. As shown in the drawings the surfaces 26 are well under a 45 angle with a transverse plane normal to the shaft I4. In fact the angle may be ofthe order of 30. 'I'his angle together with the cam surfaces 23 which are formed on a long radius of curvature and which begin close to the pivots I8, results in a relatively long axial travel of the slide 24 for a given angle of movement of the weights I9.

The disposition of the pivots inwardly of the cam surfaces contributes to compactness. The lines of contact between the surfaces 23 and 26 on the two sides of the governor tend to remain in a transverse plane through the axes of the pivots. A line drawn between the center of gravity 20 of each weight and the point of contact between surfaces 23 and 26 at any given time approaches a right angle with surface 26. Also the centrifugal effect of the rocker 22 and that of weight I9 are additive, that is the complete mass of the weight units aside from their hubs throughout the major portion of weight movement is on the same side of the pivots. These features of construction contribute to the efliciency of the governor. The slide 24 is guided in its movements and caused to revolve with the bracket or sleeve IB and walls I1 by a pair of pins 21 which are fixed in the slide 24 and bear loosely at their ends against the walls I1 of the bracket composed of the integralsleeve I6 and walls I1.

At the upper end of the slide 24 there is a constriction 28 upon which is fitted the lower race 29 of a ball bearing. 3|) is a control shaft which is mounted in bearings 3l and 32 carried by the casing I0. This shaft has a yoke 33 pinned thereto, the bifurcations of which bear upon the upper vrace 34 of the ball bearing at the top of the slide.

Upward movement of slide 24 may be limited by means of a snap ring 39 mounted in an annular groove formed in the shaft I4 and adapted to engage constriction 28 on the slide.

Exteriorly of the governor shaft 30 may have keyed thereto a bell crank lever having two arms 40 and 4I. To the free end of arm 40 a tension spring 42 is connected, the opposite end of the spring being connected with the short arm of a lever 43 that is pivoted at 44 upon a post 45 integral with the governor casing II) or other fixed support. The arm 4I of the bell crank is connected with a link 46 which extends to the throttle of the butterfly valve or the fuel valve of an internal combustion engine. Lever 43 is the manual control lever. Suitable means are provided enabling an operator, after he has moved the free end of the lever to a desired speed position, to secure it in that position.

When the engine is not running the parts vof the device are in the position illustrated in Figs. 1 and 5. In order to start the engine the ,operator moves the free end of lever 43 clockwise somewhat, as viewed in Fig. 5, thereby causing spring 42 to rock bell crank 40, 4I and open the engine throttle more or less. At the same time yoke 33 moves to press against bearing race 34, moving slide 24 downwardly and swinging weights I9 inwardly. Now, when the engine starts, shaft I4 turns and weights I9 swing out substantially to the position indicated in Fig. 1, thereby putting the spring 42 under tension. The operator then moves lever 43 to the desired speed position, putting the spring 42 under heavier tension and opening the engine throttle valve to the extent necessary to enable it to attain a certain speed, a balance being struck between the tension of the spring 42 and the centrifugal force exerted by the weights I9. Now should av load be imposed upon the engine suddenly or otherwise the speed of shaft I4 will be decreased and the spring will contract to compensate for the decreased centrifugal force, and will turn the bell crank 40, 4l thereby opening the throttle sumciently to enable the engine to maintain its speed. Converse ly, when the load or some part of it is removed the speed of shaft I4 will increase, the weights I9 will swing out, causing the curved surfaces 23 to roll upon the inclined surfaces 26 and thus to move slide 24 upwardly and thus act through bearing race 34 to turn shaft 30 counterclockwlse as viewed in Fig. 5, thus closing the throttle valve sufficiently to reduce the speed of the engine to that for which the control lever 43 has been set. In the operation of the device when the weights I9 swing outwardly their centers of gravity move outwardly in paths which approximate straight radial lines. At the same time the curved surfaces 23 swing upwardly through arcs that approximate straight lines parallel to the direction of movement of the slide 24. The latter is guided in its movement by the pins 21 running on the walls I1 of the revolving bracket.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a governor, a driven shaft, a bracket mounted thereton to rotate therewith, pivots carried by said bracket disposed near said shaft in a plane normal to the shaft, weights mounted on said pivots, a slide surrounding said shaft rotatable therewith and movable lengthwise thereupon, said slide having undercut internal plane surfaces inclined relative to a plane normal to the shaft and disposed radially outward of said gin their outward travel, and a line drawn from the center of gravity of a weight to the point of contact between the slide and rocker at any given time approaching a perpendicular to said inclined surface.'

2. Ina governor, a driven shaft, a bracket mounted thereon to rotate therewith, pivots carried by said bracket disposed near said shaft in a plane normal tothe shaft, weights mounted on said pivots, a slide surrounding said shaft rotatable therewith and movable lengthwise thereupon, said slide having undercut internal surfaces inclined relative to a plane normal to the shaft and disposed radially outward of said pivots, said weights having integral rocker arms with cam surfaces of long radius of curvature adapted to roll upon said inclined surfaces as said weights swing inwardly or outwardly, the centers of gravity of said weights being movable through a relatively small angle between positions closer together than said pivots and further apart than said pivots, the effective weight of the rocker arms being below said pivots so as to aid the weights in their initial outward movement.

3. In a governor, a driven shaft, a bracket mounted thereon to rotate therewith having a pair of parallel walls on opposite sides of said shaft, pivots carried by said walls near said shaft on opposite sides thereof, said pivots being disposed in a plane normal to said shaft, weights mounted on said pivots, a slide surrounding said shaft having oppositely disposed arms between said walls. means spaced radially from said shaft interposed between said walls and said slide pre- -senting small contact surfaces in a transverse piane for rotating said slide while permitting it inwardly or outwardly.

to move axially, the arms of said slide having undercut internal plane surfaces inclined relativeV to said normal plane and disposed radially outward of said pivots, said weights having integral curved rocker surfaces adapted to roll upon said inclined plane surfaces as said weights swing 4. 1n a governor, a driven shaft, a bracke mounted thereon to rotate therewith, pivots carff ried by said bracket disposed near said shaft in a plane normalto the shaft, Aweights mounted on said pivots, a slide surrounding said 4shaft rotatable therewith and movable lengthwise thereupon, said slide having undercut internal plane surfaces inclined to a plane normal to the shaft by an angle less than 45, said inclined sur,- faces being disposed radially outward of said pivots, said weights having integral curved rocker surfaces of long radius of curvature adapted to roll upon said inclined surfaces outwardly of the pivots and adjacent thereto as said weights begin their outward travel, and a line drawn from the center of gravity of a weight to the point of contact 'between the slide and rocker at any given REFERENCES cx'ran The following references are of record in the ille of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name 57,9513 Nichols Sept. 11, 1866 443,064 Barrett Dec. 16, 1890 1,104,704 Ficken July 21, 1914 1,295,199 'Pierce Feb. 25, 1919 1,630,637 Sheasley May 31, 1927 1,671,756 Wilshuser May 29, 1928 2,177,063 Gottlieb Oct. 24, 1939 2,247,492 Hale July 1, 1941 2,267,919 Hoof Dec. 30, 1941 2,379,945, 'Wyatt July 10, 1945 2,454,913 De Marco 1 Nov. 30, 1948 v FOREIGN PATENTS Number @ountry Date 9,149 Great Britain Apr. 18, 1906 time approaching a perpendicular to said inclined surface.

LOUIS DE

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