US2462059A - Electronic discharge device for electronic multiplication - Google Patents

Electronic discharge device for electronic multiplication Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2462059A
US2462059A US481509A US48150943A US2462059A US 2462059 A US2462059 A US 2462059A US 481509 A US481509 A US 481509A US 48150943 A US48150943 A US 48150943A US 2462059 A US2462059 A US 2462059A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrodes
electronic
electrons
discharge device
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US481509A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Arditi Maurice
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Standard Electric Corp
Original Assignee
International Standard Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical International Standard Electric Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2462059A publication Critical patent/US2462059A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/20—Dynodes consisting of sheet material, e.g. plane, bent

Definitions

  • series of non-emitting electrodes is associated with a series of primary and secondary-emission electrodes and the distribution of- .potentials between these series of emitting and non-emitting electrodes is such that it creates, in the space in front o f the electrodes, electric potential gradientsaiding the extraction of secondary electrons from the various targets under the impact of electrons from the preceding target.
  • a transversal magnetic eld is applied in this space to deect the electrons emitted by one target towards the next target. The acceleration and deflection of the electrons are generally obtained simultaneously through the combined action of the two electric and magnetic elds.
  • the electric potential gradients required for driving the emitted electrons from stage to stage are, as a rule, not uniform between the various emitting and acceieratin'g electrodes. This entails a dispersion of electrons which is harmful to the eilciency of the device owing to the defocusing of the electronicpaths, and on the other of the electrons.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of an electron multiplier device, according to the invention, from which most of the details of physical construction, the vessel, the supporting connections of the electrodes, the magnet or electromagnet furnishing the transversal magnetic eld and other elements which are not necessary for an undertaking of the in- ⁇ vention, have been omitted for the sake of sim- Dlicity;
  • Fig. 2 is a further simplified diagram of a modied structure
  • v Fig. 3 is a perspective view, certain parts being broken away or shown in section, of a third embodiment of an electron multiplier according to the invention, no electrical connections inside of the tube being shown in this'figure;
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the screen 5a of the electron multiplier of Fig. 3 showing details of the invention.
  • a photo-cathode l is arranged in a common plane with two secondary-emission electrodes or targets 2 3, and a collecting electrode 4.
  • An electric screen in the form of a box 5 is placed in front of the electrodes I to 4.
  • the screen box 5 consists of a non-magnetic metal so that a transversal magnetic field H may cross it. It is provided with two aligned openings 6 and 6', 'in its front and rear walls, respectively, opposite the photo-cathode I, to allow passage 'of a lightbeam 1, and with three additional openings 8, 9 and I0 in its front wall opposite the secondaryemission electrodes 2 and 3 and the collecting electrode 4, respectively, to allow passage of the electronic beams.
  • a high electric potential is4 applied to the entire box 5, so that a zero potential gradient region lls created within the box.
  • the potentials to which the various electrodes are raised may be taken from a single potentiometer Il in the manner shown.
  • the collecting electrode 4 is raised to the same high potential as the screen box 5, and may even be constructed as a part of such box.
  • the photo-cathode l is surrounded by a Wehnelt cylinder orA other auxiliary electrode l2, and
  • the secondary-emission electrodes 2 and 3 are associated with Wehnelt cylinders, Il and Il, respectively.
  • 'I'hese auxiliary electrodes which serve for the concentration and acceleration of outgoing electrons (or for the deceleration of incident electrons) are raised to suitable potentials taken from the potentiometer Il.
  • the auxiliary electrodes i2 and Il are raisedpreferably to the same potential.
  • the relative potentials of the 'various electrodes are preferably so chosen that the impact speeds of the incident electrons on the secondary-emission targets insure a maximum extraction of secondary electronsv from thelatter. These impact speeds expressed in volts correspond generally'to potentials of 500 to 700 volts.
  • any more or less complex electron-optic structure may be associated with each emitting electrode for the concentra.- tion and speed regulation of the electrons.
  • Means are provided to apply to the zero electric potential gradient region within the box l a transversal magnetic iield H which, in this zero potential region, acts only to deflect the electronic beams from one electrode to the next one.
  • the electronic beams follow substantially circular paths. No acceleration or deceleration takes place within this box, and, therefore, the interfering ions or electrons emitted by the photo-cathode are unable to pass directly to the collecting electrode l.
  • the residual current of the device is very small and there is no "obscurity current on the collecting electrode 4. Any possible contamination of the secondary-emission electrodes 2 and 3 by a direct evaporation of the cathode decomposition products is completely obviated.
  • 'I'he electronic iiux from the cathode I may be additionally controlled by a grid I of usual construction.
  • a screen consisting simply of two spaced apart, suitably perforated, parallel plates I6 and I1 may be used, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the structure of Fig. 2 is similar to that of Fig. 1 and the same reference characters are used for the corresponding elements.
  • the two screen plates I8 and I1 are raised to the same electric potential, for example by means of a connection I8, so that the electric potential gradient is zero in the region between the two plates I6 and I1 where the deiiecting magnetic ileld H is applied.
  • the operation of the device is, thus, similar to that of the structure of Fig. 1 and its advantages are substantially equivalent.
  • the screen 5a is cylindrical and it is surrounded by two likewise cylindrical grids and 2I.
  • Grid 2li acts as a Wehnelt electrode for all the secondary-emission electrodes 2 and 3 and for the collecting electrode I.
  • the photo-cathode Ia is associated with an individual Wehnelt cylinder 3
  • Grid 2l acts as an accelerating grid (for the outgoing electrons) and as a decelerating grid (for the incident electrons).
  • the cylindrical screen 5a has perforation 6a, 8a, la, Ita similar to those of the box 5. This is illustrated in Fig. 4. Within the perforated cylinder screen 5a the electric potential gradient is kept at zero as inthe case of the box or theplates of Figs. 1 and 2, respectively,
  • FIG. 3 shows, partly cut away, the insulating enevelope 21 of the structure, its socket base 2l and the connector plugs 2
  • FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, the secondary emission electrodes 23 and 24 formed ona single curved plate 3l, which reduces the number of plugs 2t.
  • a control grid IS may be associated with photo-cathode la as shown.
  • An electronic discharge device for secondary emissions comprising a. primary emitting electrode, a secondary emitting electrode, and a collecting electrode, all said electrodes being mounted in succession and substantially aligned, electrode means mounted in front of said aligned electrodes for producing a zero potential gradient region beginning a short distance from said aligned electrodes and extending along the path of the electron beams emitted by said aligned electrodes, said electrode means having apertures for the passage therethrough of the electron beams, means adjacent said aligned electrodes and in the short space between said aligned electrodes and said region of zero potential gradient for controlling the speed of the electrons in said beams, and means adjacent said region of zero potential gradient for applying therein a transverse magnetic iield for the deflection of the electron beams entering said region.
  • An electronic discharge device as claimed in claim 1 in which said means for controlling the electron speed comprises regulating electrodes adjacent the individual emitting and collecting electrodes respectively for regulating the speed of and concentrating the emitted electrons.
  • An electronic discharge device as claimed in claim 1 in which said aligned electrodes are substantially in a common plane and said means for producing a zero electric potential gradient region includes two spaced parallel plates consisting of an electrically conductive non-magnetic material, said plates being mounted rearwardly of one another in front of and parallel to said common plane, the plate next to said plane being provided with openings opposite said electrodes to permit the passage of electronic beams into the space between said plates.
  • An electronic discharge device for secondary emissions. comprising a primary emitting electrode, a. secondary emitting electrode and a collecting electrode, said electrodes being disposed side by side on a generatrix of an imaginary cylinder, a screen-cylinder defining a zero electric potential gradient region consisting of an electrically conductive, nonmagnetic material and having substantially the same axial length but a smaller diameter than said imaginary cylinder, said screen cylinder being located concentrically within said imaginary cylinder in front of said electrodes and being provided with openings opposite the latter, respectively, and means adjacent said region for applying therein a transversal magnetic field for the deflection of the electron beam entering said region.
  • An electronic discharge device as yclaimed in claim 4 in which said means for controlling the electron speed comprises, between said screen cylinder and said imaginary cylinder', concentric grids deformed at points opposite said electrodes constituting electron concentrating and electron speedregulating elements for the various emitting and collecting electrodes, respectively.
  • An electronic discharge device in which the means for creating a Zero potential gradient region comprises two metallic members having substantially all corresponding vportions of their adjacent surfaces spaced equitant from one another.
  • the means for applying a magnetic field comprises a generator of magnetic flux located adjacent the zero potential gradient region for applying in said region a transversal magnetic eld for the deliection by substantially 180 of the electron beams entering said rleon.

Landscapes

  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
US481509A 1941-07-25 1943-04-01 Electronic discharge device for electronic multiplication Expired - Lifetime US2462059A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2462059X 1941-07-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2462059A true US2462059A (en) 1949-02-15

Family

ID=9685531

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US481509A Expired - Lifetime US2462059A (en) 1941-07-25 1943-04-01 Electronic discharge device for electronic multiplication

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US2462059A (de)
FR (1) FR959706A (de)

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2128104A (en) * 1936-05-13 1938-08-23 Albert G Thomas Phototube
US2130152A (en) * 1937-05-18 1938-09-13 Rca Corp Regulation of magnetic electron multipliers
GB493968A (en) * 1936-08-28 1938-10-18 Cfcmug Improvements in or relating to electron multipliers
GB496564A (en) * 1936-05-30 1938-11-30 Fernseh Ag Improvements in or relating to electron multipliers
US2141322A (en) * 1935-06-25 1938-12-27 Rca Corp Cascaded secondary electron emitter amplifier
US2176225A (en) * 1935-09-28 1939-10-17 Rca Corp Picture transmission apparatus
US2185172A (en) * 1936-03-17 1940-01-02 Aeg Electron multiplier
US2204479A (en) * 1936-05-16 1940-06-11 Farnsworth Television & Radio Means and method for producing electron multiplication
US2210034A (en) * 1935-11-08 1940-08-06 Emi Ltd Electron multipler
US2227062A (en) * 1936-02-08 1940-12-31 Rca Corp Electron discharge device

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2141322A (en) * 1935-06-25 1938-12-27 Rca Corp Cascaded secondary electron emitter amplifier
US2176225A (en) * 1935-09-28 1939-10-17 Rca Corp Picture transmission apparatus
US2210034A (en) * 1935-11-08 1940-08-06 Emi Ltd Electron multipler
US2227062A (en) * 1936-02-08 1940-12-31 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US2185172A (en) * 1936-03-17 1940-01-02 Aeg Electron multiplier
US2128104A (en) * 1936-05-13 1938-08-23 Albert G Thomas Phototube
US2204479A (en) * 1936-05-16 1940-06-11 Farnsworth Television & Radio Means and method for producing electron multiplication
GB496564A (en) * 1936-05-30 1938-11-30 Fernseh Ag Improvements in or relating to electron multipliers
GB493968A (en) * 1936-08-28 1938-10-18 Cfcmug Improvements in or relating to electron multipliers
US2130152A (en) * 1937-05-18 1938-09-13 Rca Corp Regulation of magnetic electron multipliers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR959706A (de) 1950-04-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3128408A (en) Electron multiplier
US2608668A (en) Magnetically focused electron gun
US2853641A (en) Electron beam and wave energy interaction device
US4163918A (en) Electron beam forming device
JPS63503022A (ja) プラズマ陽極電子銃
US3609433A (en) Proximity-focused image storage tube
US2147756A (en) Secondary electron tube
US2462059A (en) Electronic discharge device for electronic multiplication
US4333035A (en) Areal array of tubular electron sources
US2237671A (en) Electron discharge device
US2762928A (en) Mass spectrometer
US3678267A (en) Ion source comprising a concave-shaped repeller
US2754422A (en) Source of highly stripped ions
US3376469A (en) Positive ion-source having electron retaining means
US2473031A (en) Electron multiplier for ultra high frequencies
US3557365A (en) Ion source for a mass spectrometer
US2442848A (en) Electron control tube
US2607903A (en) Distributor tube construction
US3731089A (en) Mass spectrometer ion source having means for rapidly expelling ions from the source and method of operation
US2652512A (en) Electron gun
US2465342A (en) Electronic discharge device
US2977470A (en) Mass spectrometry
US3772551A (en) Cathode ray tube system
US2611878A (en) Particle source
US2227062A (en) Electron discharge device