US2461051A - Steam and hot-water boiler - Google Patents

Description

e 1949. H. A. GIROUARD STEAM AND HOT WATER BOILER 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 31, 1946 Q I Inventor 1%1'4/6 ,4 fizfloaazui Attorneys m- 1949- H. A. GIROUARD 2,461,051

-STEAM AND HOT WATER BOILER Filed Oct. 51, 1946 r 4 5 Shecs-Sheet 2 llll lllll Attorn'eyg Feb. 8, 1949.

H. A. GIROUARD STEAM AND HOT WATER BOILER s Shets-Sheet 3' Filed Oct. 31, 1946 Attorneys Patented Feb. 8, 1949 2,461,051 STEAM AND HOT-WATER BOILER Herv Adelard Girouard, Montreal, Quebec,

Canad Application October 31, 1946, Serial No. 706,887

5 Claims. 1

. The present invention relates to heating devices and, more particularly, a boiler for steam or hot water.

The main object of the invention resides in the provision of a device of the character described which operates at high efiiciency.

Another object is the provision of such a device which is highly versatile in use.

A further object concerns a boiler of the character described adapted to operate at a high degree of economy.

Still another object contemplates a hot water or steam boiler in which convection losses are reduced to a minimum.

A still further object envisages a. boiler relatively inexpensive and easy to construct.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent, or be pointed out further, during the description to follow.

As an example, and for purposes of illustration only, an embodiment of the invention is shown in the annexed drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a boiler according to the invention;

Fig. 2a is a vertical section through the upper portion of the boiler;

Fig. 2b is a vertical section through the lower portion of said boiler and complementary to Fig. 2a;

Fig. 3 is a partial elevation of taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 2a.;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal half section taken on line 44 of Fig. 2a;

Fig. 5 is a similar view taken on Line 5-5 of Fig. 2a; and

Fig. 6 is yet another similar view taken on line 66 of Fig. 2b.

Referring to the drawings, wherein similar reference characters represent corresponding parts throughout, the reference letter designates the outer casing of the device, which casing encloses the boiler itself, water jacket, fiues and other elements associated with said boiler. A base B terminates the bottom of said casing, which base serves as an ash pit when burning solid fuel, or a burner compartment when liquid or gaseous fuel is used. The trap door Ill serves to tend the fire or service the burner.

Disposed inside the casing, and spaced concentrically therefrom, there is provided the boiler proper which consists of a cylindrical wall l5, ;defining a combustion chamber C, and a water Jacket therearound. Said jacket is formed by the bottom wall l1 and the double wall is spaced from the casting l and extending upwardly for the outer casing cult is completed by a portion of the boiler height; furthermore, the upper part of said jacket is constituted of double plates and a dome to be described later on.

As shown to advantage in Fig. 2b, the outer wall l8 of the jacket is depressed to form an annular cavity IS, the wall 20 of which accordingly lies closer to [5 to form therewith a constriction in the jacket, approximately adjacent to the point of the combustion chamber where the highest temperature prevails.

The upper edge 2| of the outer jacket wall I8 extends very slightly above the cavity I9 to form a flange, said flange receiving the lower extremity of a double wall comprising the upper part of the jacket. This double wall consists of concentric cylinders 23 and 24 spaced to form a dead-air space 25 therebetween, for heat insulating purposes. Said double wall is domeshaped at the top, and apertured to receive the outlet header 26 welded or otherwise secured to the inner cylinder 23, as shown in Fig. 2a; the outer cylinder 24 terminates short of the said header to accommodate a collar 21 to which a casing cover is attached.

The inner wall 15 of the jacket, defining also the combustion chamber C, is provided at its upper edge with a marginal flange 39 having a peripheral upstanding rim 3|, said rim retaining a dome 32 resting thereagainst on the flange 30. To thesummit of said dome a flue pipe 33 is Welded and which extends upwardly through the jacket and header 26, where it issues through the packing gland 35. The water circulating cirthe addition of a water inlet 35 disposed at the bottom of the jacket, in the outer wall I 8; thus, water enters 36, rises in the jacket and the dome until it comes out of the boiler through the outlet pipe '31 connected to the header 26.

The circuit of the combustion gases forms, in reality, the important characteristic of the invention; said circuit is arranged to complete the longest possible travel of the gases between their inception and their exhaust to a chimney.

The first portion of this travel is the obvious upward movement from the source of heat to the dome of the combustion chamber where further upward movement through the pipe 33 is normally blocked-for reasons to be explained later on. From the dome, the next portion of the gases travel is a downward movement through .a multiplicity of pipes disposed between the flange 30 and the wall 4| of the cavity I 9 and.

effecting communication between the dome'of .the combustion chamber and said cavity 19 in the outer side of the water jacket, as previously described. In order that the gases circulating in said pipes All he forced to scrub the side of said pipe, internally, there is placed in each tube or pipe a twisted narrow strip of metal 42 the edges of which contact the inside walls of the pipes and form, in effect, a screw thread imparting to the gases a rotary movement.

The combustion gases discharged in the cavity 19, and enclosed between said cavity and the outer casing have a natural tendency to escape upwardly between the outer wall 24 of the water jacket and said casing O to collect at the top'oi said casing. The gases are then exhausted to a chimney through a flue pipe 45 connected to the casing cover 23 and therefrom to the chimney pipe 46.

For by-passing purposes, as for instance when starting a fire in the boiler, a short connection 41 between the ducts 33 and 46 is provided so that the hot gases rising in 33 may escape directly to the chimney. When, however, the boiler has been properly heated and a clean fire obtained, the butterfly-valve 59 maybe closed by means of the outer handle to interrupt communication between 33 and id: obviously, in that case, the gases will have to follow the travel previously given to the pipe as and around the water jacket.

So far described, the boiler is perfectly operable to heat water in an efilcient manner and to conduct the combustion gases to a chimney assuming, however, that the air of combustion is drawn through the door H3 or suitable regulatable opening therein. In order to increase further the efficiency of the device, and to reclaim, so to speak, a greater portion of the heat contained in the combustion gases, heat-exchanging means in the casings proper are provided and will be presently described. 1

Said heat exchanging means consists of a network of tubes disposed in vertical and spaced parallel relation, said tubes 59 extending inside the casing between the same and the outer wall 24 of the water jacket. Furthermore, the said tubes open at their lower end near the bottom of said Water jacket immediately below the cavity l9. ,At their upper end they terminate just short of the casing cover 28 and are provided with elbows 51 through which the upper end of the tubes open to the atmosphere outside the casing. As shown to advantage in Fig. 2b, the lower ends of the tubes 50 extend through an annular plate 52 closing the bottom of cavity [9 between the wall and casing proper 0. Purpose of this arrangement is to form a barrier between said cavity [9 and the underside of the boiler proper which communicates with the combustion chamber at the bottom thereof. The tubes :50 opening below the barrier 52, therefore operate to admit below said barrier the air necessary for combustion purposes.

Inasmuch as said air of combustion is carried downwardly in the pipe 40, in counter-current to the hot combustion gases circulating around the tubes =58 on their way to the chimney, a large amount of the heat of said gases will be transferred by conduction through the tubes to theair circulating therein, which air of combustion will be effectively heated before being admitted to the combustion chamber. The net result of this arrangement is .to provide an inner lining in. the casing which effectively cools the same and, thereby, avoids a great loss of heat by convection on the outside of said casing.

other refinements of the boiler according to-the invention may consist of a water level gauge 55 whenever said boiler is to be used for steam heating, a steam pressure gauge 56 in the outlet header 26, as well as spy glass Bil disposed at the extreme top of the duct 33 for visually inspecting the flame inside the furnace whenever desired.

Under certain peculiar conditions, it may happen that condensation occurs on the outer surface of the pipe 58, especially when starting a fire in the boiler, in which case water may drip in the cavity l9 and accumulate over the annular plate 52; in order to drain this water a faucet or cook 65 is provided in one side of the casing immediately above 52 for removing accumulation of condensation water.

' Finally, for facility in installation the boiler may be mounted on adjustable legs 10 which are directly attached to the base of the water jacket, as shown clearly in Fig. 219.

From the foregoing it should be evident that the present invention is an advance of the art in that it provides for a boiler which is easily adaptable to hot water or steam heating, which boiler is very compact and quite-eflicient for burning any fuel whatever in a most economical manner. More particularly, it is emphasized that the reverse flow of combustion gases circulating in a direction opposed to the natural current of water being heated, result in .a most complete transfer of the heating energy, the heat exchanging net work of the outer part further avoiding the convection losses which are normally present in boilers having heated walls in directxcontact with atmospheric air. Thereforaclumsy and costly insulating jackets are unnecessary and their absence provide for amore compact and neat device.

It must be understood that various changes as to the shape, size and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing'from the spirit of the invention orthe scope of the subjoined claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. A broiler of the character described, comprising a combustion chamber, a water .jacket surrounding said chamber, a dome at the top of the chamber, flue pipes extending downwardly inside the jacket from the-dome margin to an intermediate peripheral cavity on the outside of the jacket, a casing spaced from the jacket and surrounding the same to form a concentric smoke fine, a chimney flue connected to the top of said casing, an annular ring at, the'bottom of the jacket cavity to close the space betweenthejacket and casing, and a plurality of closely, spaced parallel tubes opening near the top-of the casing and extending downwardly inside the :same .and through the ring for admitting -.combusticn .air thereunder.

2. In a boiler as claimed in claim 1, twisted fiat narow strips inserted inside the flueipipes for imparting a rotating action to the combustion gases circulating therein.

3. In a boiler as claimed in claim 1,.a duct connecting the top of the dome to the chimney fine, and valve means in said duct for interrupting circulation therein.

4. In a boiler as claimed in claim 1, means at the bottom-of the jacket cavity for draining condensation water accumulating therein.

5. In a boiler, a combustion chamber, a water jacket surrounding said chamber havin'g'a perimetric recess intermediate the length thereof, flue pipes extending longitudinally through said jacket in communication "at one end 'withsaid chamberand at the other end with said recess, a casing spacedlyenclosin'g said jacket and :cham- 5 6 her to form a concentric smoke flue, a ring plate between the casing and the jacket closing the I REFERENCES CITED space therebetween adjacent the recess, and a, The following references are of record in the plurality of closely spaced parallel tubes open to fi Of this Patent! the atrnosphere near one end of the casing and 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS extendmg l0ng1tud1na1ly made the same and outside the water jacket and penetrating through the Number N D said ring plate for admitting preheated air of com- 171557 Colllgnon J n 25, 1376 b stion to sai chamber, 1, Klu h Mar. 21, 1899 HERVE ADELARD GIRQUARD 10 3 Tlumble Oct. 19, 1920

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