US2459806A - Velocity-modulated electron discharge device - Google Patents

Velocity-modulated electron discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2459806A
US2459806A US463700A US46370042A US2459806A US 2459806 A US2459806 A US 2459806A US 463700 A US463700 A US 463700A US 46370042 A US46370042 A US 46370042A US 2459806 A US2459806 A US 2459806A
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United States
Prior art keywords
grids
wire
velocity
grid
wires
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Expired - Lifetime
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US463700A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fremlin John Heaver
Foulkes Christopher Henry
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/06—Tubes having only one resonator, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly velocity modulation, e.g. Lüdi-Klystron
    • H01J25/08—Tubes having only one resonator, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly velocity modulation, e.g. Lüdi-Klystron with electron stream perpendicular to the axis of the resonator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H01J25/28—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is perpendicular to the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electron discharge devices of the kind employing velocity modulation of anelectron beam, and in particular concerns means for simplifying the construction of such. devices used at wave lengths of the order oflO cm. a
  • oscillations in hollow conducting bodies by directing a. beam of electrons through a series of such bodies.
  • oscillations may be generated in a coaxial conductor system by firing the electrons diametrally through slots in the inner and outer conductors of such a system; or a Lecher Wire system may be similarly excited. by connecting it to a pair of hollow bodies through which an electron beam is passed.
  • This is theprinciple of the well known Hell tube, from which the present invention is derived.
  • the oscillating grids are connected directly to a Lecher wire system or trifilar line for extracting the wave energy, instead of to a-co-axial conductor system as usual with a Hell tube, because such a Lecher system or trifilar line is more easily sealed through the envelope of the device.
  • the construction of the device becomes substantially the same as that of any ordinary thermionic valve and requires no special manufacturing equipment.
  • the invention accordingly provides an electron discharge deviceof the electron velocity modulationtype having .a resonating. system. which. is solely constituted by the grids through which the electron beam is proj ected, there being no .hollow 2 bodies, co-axial lines or other resonating devices or circuits connected to the said grids for the purpose of determining the frequency of operation of the device.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of a velocitymodulation type of electron. discharge device. according to theinvention
  • Fig. 2 shows .-av section at 2-2. of Fig. 1;-
  • Flg. 3- showsva perspective: view of the device of I Fig. 1 with the. envelopeand other parts broken away to show the .arrangementwmore clearly;
  • Fig. 4 shows asectionview to illustrate a modified arrangement. of ltheinvention.
  • the embodiment shown in Figs 1, 22nd 3 will now be described;
  • the base [4 carries external pin term-inals I5 for the leads to the electrodes, which leads are sealedthrough-the stem l3-inthe usual-way.
  • An electron gun system is located at one side and comprises a cathode 5 surrounded-in turn by the first and second grids l and 2.
  • the gridq2 is used for accelerating. the electrons. and grid i for controlling and. modulatingthe beam.
  • a shield- 6 is provided behind thegun systemfor absorbing electrons projected backwards. This shield: is shown-cut awayin Figs. land 3.
  • each of the turns usually being afterwards firmly fixed to the supporting wires.
  • This construction is shown clearly in Figs. 1 and 3.
  • the wires 8 and H! on which the grid 3 is wound are continued upwards and are sealed through the envelope at I8 and 20 and constitute the two outer conductors of a three wire Lecher system.
  • the wires 9A and 93 on which the grid 4 is wound are clamped and welded at 2i to the central wire 9 of the Lecher system, which is sealed through the envelope at l 9.
  • the wires on which the grids l and 2 are wound are made only long enough to enable the grids to be properly located between the plates l6 and l! and to allow connections to be made to the lead out wires which pass through the stem l3.
  • the device operates in the following manner. Electrons leaving the cathode are accelerated by the grid 2 and pass through the grid 3, entering the electric field between grids 3 and 4. Assuming this electric field to be oscillating, the electrons will be acted upon in accordance with its direction and magnitude and their velocity on reaching grid 4 will be modulated in the well known manner. Bunchingtakes place in the field free space inside grid No. 4, and when the bunched electrons emerge therefrom on the opposite side, they interact with the oscillating field and give up their energy in such a manner as to maintain the oscillations.
  • the reflecting electrode 1 is provided to increase the efficiency of the device. The potential of this electrode is adjusted so that the electrons are reflected back into the oscillating field in the proper phase to contribute their energy to the field. They continue to oscillate backwards and forwards until they are ultimately collected by the grids.
  • a tri-filer Lecher system isv used. It is electrically connected to the grids 3 and 4, and will be excited by the oscillations of the grids; the outer wires 8 and [6, which are both connected to 3, will be in the same phase, and the central wire 9 will be in the opposite phase.
  • the system may be tuned by means of a sliding bridge in the well known-way.
  • a device as just described has been constructed to operate satisfactorily at a wave-length of about 10% cm.
  • FIG. 4 is a section view similar to Fig. 2.
  • the construction of the device will be generally similar to that described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2, suitably adapted to the modifications.
  • Corresponding elements have been given the same designation numbers as in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
  • Fig. 4 At the left-hand side of Fig. 4 is shown the electron gun system consisting of the cathode with its heater II and the two grids I and 2 which are exactly the same as before.
  • the oscillating system consists of three parallel grids 3A, 4, and-3B. Velocity modulation occurs between grids 3A and 4, bunching inside 4, andcommunication of energy to the field takes place between 4 and 3B.
  • the reflector 1 in this case is generally cylindrical in shape, and almost completely surrounds the oscillating grids, a narrow opening being left opposite the gun asshown to-admit and define the electron beam. Noshield corresponding to 6 in Fig.
  • the grid 4 is substantially the same as before, except that instead of continuing the stiff supporting wires upwards through the envelope in the manner shown in Figs. 1 and 3, one of them, for example 24, is continued downwards instead to make connection through the stem l3 to one of the terminals [5. The other wire is left only long enough for locating the grid between the plates [6 and i1, shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the grids 3A and 3B which correspond to the grid 3'in Fig. 2 differ from it in that in each of them, all the fine wires on one side are cut away after Winding to produce a single-sided grid, as indicated in Fig. 4. It is not essential that this should be done, but the extra wires serve no purpose and in fact tend to reduce the efliciency by collecting some of the electrons which would otherwise do useful work.
  • the supporting wires 22A, 22B and 23A, 23B of the grids 3A and 33, respectively, are continued upwards through the envelope through suitable seals, and constitute a balanced two-wire Lecher system, the two conductors of which respectively comprise the pairs of wires 22A, 22B and 23A, 23B, and which may be tuned as usual by a sliding bridge.
  • the two wires corresponding to each Lecher conductor are both brought out for convenience for connecting to a pair of parallel copper strips whose width is chosen so that the capacity between them is the same as that between the grids 3A and 3B, in order to eliminate undesirable reflections.
  • One wire of each pair could be cut short inside the envelope, if desired, and not brought out at all, but the efficiency of the device would be reduced.
  • the grid 4 will be maintained at constant potential in order that the Lecher conductors may oscillate strictly in opposite phase.
  • grids including a first set of turns of wire forming a tubular shaped inner structure about said drift space, said turns of wire of said first set being electrically connected together, said wire grids further including a second set of turns of wire forming an outer concentric tubular shaped structure, the turns of wire of said second set being electrically connected together, said two sets of wire turns forming the cavity resonator there-between, an electron beam generator mounted to direct an electron beam along a path through said two sets of wire grids and through said drift space, and an envelope enclosing said resonator and said beam generator.
  • a velocity modulation device in which said resonator comprises a plurality of parallel means supporting said wire grids and extending transversely to the direction of the beam path, said wire grids forming said inner grid structure comprise turns of wire about some of said supports, and said wire grids forming said outer grid structure comprise turns of wire about other of said supports.
  • a velocity modulation device in which said turns of wire are connected electrically to said supports and said device further comprises a Lecher wire system extending 5 outsidesaid envelupe, one wire of said system ingmp extension of oiie of the supports for ith-e irgner igi id structure gtlier wire of said system mggain extension 0 e-pf the supports in miter gi'id structurel CHRISTORHER HENRY FOULKES.

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US463700A 1942-01-09 1942-10-28 Velocity-modulated electron discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2459806A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB270377X 1942-01-09

Publications (1)

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US2459806A true US2459806A (en) 1949-01-25

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Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2459806A (ko)
BE (1) BE478602A (ko)
CH (1) CH270377A (ko)
ES (1) ES176824A1 (ko)
FR (1) FR932832A (ko)
GB (1) GB586148A (ko)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2747087A (en) * 1950-08-16 1956-05-22 Gen Electric Electric discharge devices and high frequency systems therefor

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2128232A (en) * 1934-02-23 1938-08-30 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Electron tube
US2151765A (en) * 1936-03-05 1939-03-28 Telefunken Gmbh Device for generating electrical oscillations
US2190511A (en) * 1938-03-01 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave system
US2207846A (en) * 1938-06-30 1940-07-16 Rca Corp Electronic discharge device
US2287845A (en) * 1939-03-08 1942-06-30 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Thermionic vacuum tube and circuits
US2306860A (en) * 1939-09-13 1942-12-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge device for very high frequencies
US2320860A (en) * 1939-12-22 1943-06-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2342263A (en) * 1939-12-22 1944-02-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2383343A (en) * 1940-08-13 1945-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Two-cylinder short-wave resonator apparatus

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2128232A (en) * 1934-02-23 1938-08-30 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Electron tube
US2151765A (en) * 1936-03-05 1939-03-28 Telefunken Gmbh Device for generating electrical oscillations
US2190511A (en) * 1938-03-01 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave system
US2207846A (en) * 1938-06-30 1940-07-16 Rca Corp Electronic discharge device
US2287845A (en) * 1939-03-08 1942-06-30 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Thermionic vacuum tube and circuits
US2306860A (en) * 1939-09-13 1942-12-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge device for very high frequencies
US2320860A (en) * 1939-12-22 1943-06-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2342263A (en) * 1939-12-22 1944-02-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2383343A (en) * 1940-08-13 1945-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Two-cylinder short-wave resonator apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2747087A (en) * 1950-08-16 1956-05-22 Gen Electric Electric discharge devices and high frequency systems therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB586148A (en) 1947-03-10
ES176824A1 (es) 1947-03-16
CH270377A (fr) 1950-08-31
BE478602A (ko)
FR932832A (fr) 1948-04-02

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