US2457747A - Electron multiplier tube circuits - Google Patents

Electron multiplier tube circuits Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2457747A
US2457747A US647932A US64793246A US2457747A US 2457747 A US2457747 A US 2457747A US 647932 A US647932 A US 647932A US 64793246 A US64793246 A US 64793246A US 2457747 A US2457747 A US 2457747A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
anode
multiplier
current
potential
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US647932A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Monroe H Sweet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GAF Chemicals Corp
Original Assignee
General Aniline and Film Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Aniline and Film Corp filed Critical General Aniline and Film Corp
Priority to US647932A priority Critical patent/US2457747A/en
Priority to GB36166/46A priority patent/GB632378A/en
Priority to FR55236D priority patent/FR55236E/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2457747A publication Critical patent/US2457747A/en
Priority to DEP29348D priority patent/DE921089C/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/30—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron multiplier tube circuits, and more particularly to such circuits incorporating novel stabilizing means.
  • logarithmically responsive measuring circuits incorporating electron multiplier tubes.
  • These circuits include feed-back arrangements wherein the potentials applied to the elements of the multiplier tube are made of the tube.
  • the output current of the multiplier tube is applied to the control grid of an electronic amplifier tube which controls the potential drop across a potentiometer having equi-spaced taps connected to the elements of the multiplier tube.
  • the voltages for all of the dynodes, or intermediate electrodes, of the multiplier tube and for the anode are derived from the equally space taps on the bleeder resistor or ⁇ potentiometer connected in the output circuit of a pentode control tube having its output connected in series with the bleeder resistor and a source of potential.
  • the bleeder current will be high and the voltage between the anode and last dynode will be correspondingly high. Consequently, nearly all of the electrons emitted from the last dynode are collected by the anode, and the full current of which the multiplier tube is capable for that particular light level and applied dynode voltages will be utilized.
  • Fig. 1 isv a graph illustrating the relation between the anode 'current 'and the anode-last dynode voltage of a multiplier tube.
  • Fig. 2 is a lschematic wiring diagram illustrating one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic wiring dagramillustrating another embodiment of the invention.
  • an electrostatically focused electron multiplier tube is arranged to receive incident flux from a source of radiant energy. Potentials from a source of substantially constant potential are applied to the electrodes of the multiplier tube through a bleeder resistance. Equi-spaced taps on the bleeder resistance are connected to the cathode of the tube and to the intermediate multiplier electrodes or dynodes thereof. The voltage drop across the bleeder resistance is controlled as a. function of the output current of the multiplier tube. In a logarithmically responsive circuit, the potentials are varied inversely with the output current of the multiplier tube.
  • a constant 3 potential means or voltage stabilizer is connected in parallel circuit relation with the multiplier anode and the last multiplier electrode, or #9 dynode as it is frequently designated.
  • the current flow through the bleeder resistor is controlled by an electronic amplier tube whose l control grid is connected to the anode of the multiplier tube. 'I'he circuit arrangements are such that the negative bias applied to the ampli'- iier tube control grid increases with an increase in the anode current of the multiplier tube.
  • the output circuit of the amplifier tube is connected in series with the source of constant potential and the bleeder resistor.
  • the bleeder current will decrease with decreasing control grid potential and thus with increasing multiplier tube anode current. Accordingly, the potential drop across the bleeder resistor is varied inversely with the anode current of the multiplier tube.
  • a constant potential means such as a gas iilled voltage regulating tube or a battery, is connected between the cathode of the amplifier tube and the last dynode of the multiplier tube, and in series with the bleeder resistor.
  • the input circuit of the amplifier tube which thus is connected between the multiplier tube anode and the #9 dynode, is maintained at a constant potential irrespective of the anode current of the multiplier tube.
  • a current measuring meter preferably a milliammeter
  • erence numeral I1 and the last, or #9 dynode, is designated as 30.
  • the operating potentials applied to cathode I3, anode 25, and dynodes I1 and 30 are obtained from a @suitable voltage divider or bleeder resistor 35, having a relatively negative terminal 2I connected to the negative terminal 22 of a substantially constant vpotential source of direct current having a positive terminal 23. While thesource of power has been indicated as direct current, the invention may also be practiced with alternating current. Direct current has been indicated merely for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the application of the principles of the invention. j
  • the voltage divider comprises resistors 35 connected in series, with cathode I6 connected to the relatively negative terminal 2I of the series, anode connected to the relatively positive terminal 24 of the series, through the input circuit of a pentode amplifier tube 40, and dynodes Il each connected to a common junction of two adjacent connected resistors. Dynode is connected directly to relatively positive terminal 24.
  • a conductor 26 connects anode 25 to the control grid 21 of tube 40.
  • a grid biasing resistor 28 is connected from junction point 3
  • Battery 33 may be, in a is connected across a small shunt resistor in the amplifier tube output circuit to measure the current flow in the output circuit, and thus provide, on a substantially uniformly graduated scale, direct readings of the density of a sample interposed between a source of light and the multiplier tube.
  • Fig. 1 is a graph illustrating the relation between the anode current of the multiplier tube and the anode-dynode #9 voltage.
  • Curve lIl represents the anode current as a function of the anode-dynode #9 voltage, with a constant level of illumination on the cathode of the multiplier tube and with a constant voltage applied to the remaining dynodes.
  • the magnitude of the anode current will depend to a considerable extent on the anode voltage.
  • the anode current varies only slightly with increasing anode-dynode #9 voltage.
  • the bleeder resistor current and consequently the dynode voltages and anode voltage are all quite low.
  • a small change in anode voltage will eiect a very large change of anode current. If the anode-dynode #9 voltage is maintained substantially constant, more particularly at a level above iifty volts, for instance, the bleeder resistor current will vary only slightly with changes in the anode-last dynode voltage, thus rendering the circuit more stable.
  • alight a source such as an incandescent lamp I5 is arranged Ato direct light upon the cathode I6 of a photomultiplier tube 20.
  • Photomultiplier tube 20 may, for example, be of the RCA-931 type.
  • Light from lamp I5 is condensed by a lens I I and directed through a filter I2 on to a sample I3 mounted on a suitable support I4.
  • Photomultiplier tube 20 also includes an anode 25, nine multiplier electrodes or dynodes, of which the rst eight are designated generally by the Icipractical example, either a 90-volt battery or a 90-volt or 105-volt voltage stabilizer tube connected to a conventional source of potential.
  • Screen grid 34 of pentode 40 is likewise connected to positive terminal 32, and anode 36 of the pentode is connected to the positive terminal 23 of the constant potential source;
  • multiplier electrode 30 (dynode #9) and anode 25 is controlled by a suitable constant potential means.
  • a gaseous discharge regulating tube is connected between cathode 31 of pentode 40 and relatively positive terminal 24 of resistors 35, through a small resistor 38.
  • Gaseous discharge tube 45 is preferably one in which the voltage drop therethrough is about iifty-flve volts and is independent of the current flow through the tube.
  • discharge tube 45 maintains a substantially constant potential of about fty-ve volts between anode 25and #9 dynode 30.
  • ⁇ iunction of tube 45 and resistor 38 is connected to one terminal of an indicating meter and to the relatively negative terminal 4I of battery 33.
  • the other terminal of meter 50 is connected to relatively positive terminal 24 of resistor series 35 and through a resistor 42 and an adjustable tap 43 to an intermediate terminal of battery 33.
  • Meter 50 is thus shunted across resistor 38, whereby the potential drop across the resistor, which is a function of the bleeder current of resistors 35, may be measured by meter 50.
  • a bucking current is introduced into the meter circuit so that the meter will read the maximum measurable density at one extreme of its scale.
  • the operation of the circuit is as follows. Cathode 31 is maintained at a potential approximately 55 volts positive with respect to terminal 4I of battery 33, due to voltage stabilizer tube 45. The difference in potential between the positive terminal and grid resistor 28, which latter may be approximately 100 megohms, is thus approximately 35 volts. The potential of grid 21 with respectl to cathode 31 will be approximately 35 volts minus the IR drop through resistor 28 due to the anode current of multiplier tube 20.
  • the ohmic value of resistor 28 is so related to the usual values of anode current of multiplier tube 20 that the actual grid-cathode potential of amplifier tube 40 is negative at al1 times in the particular case under consideration, and has a variation of only a few volts under normal operating condition.
  • the very high positive grid resistor' terminal voltage and the high ohmic value of the grid resistor minimizes the effects of changes in the grid voltage-plate current characteristics of multiplier tube 40. For example, a change of about one-quarter volt in the control grid voltage-plate current characteristic of tube -40 would appreciably change the overall instrument calibration in the circuit described in the above identified application. However, in the present case, such a change would not be serious, as the anode current of multiplier tube 20 would change by only 0.0025 microampere to restore the amplier tube plate-cathode current to its original value.
  • the density of sample I3 is an inverse logarithmic function of its transmission.
  • the transmission is a direct measure of the light transmitted through the sample from source I5 and incident on. cathode I6 of multiplier tube 20.
  • the density of sample I3 is an inverse logarithmic function of the light incident upon cathode I6 through the sample.
  • the anode current of a photomultiplier tube may be varied the proper amount to obtain a logarithmic response if the operating potentials applied to its dynodes are linearly attenuated in accordance With the anode current.
  • pentode 40 controlling the bleeder current through resistor series 35 in accordance with the anode current of multiplier tube 20'.
  • the multiplier tube anode current increases, the potential drop across grid 'biasing resistor 28 increases, thus making the control grid 21 more negative with respect to cathode 31. This, in turn, increases the internal resistance of pentode 40 and thus decreases its conductivity.
  • the bleeder current from the constant potential sour-ce flowing through resistor series 35 is reduced in proportion to the increase in anode current of multiplier tube 20.
  • the potentials applied between cathode I6, and dynodes I1 and 30 is thus linearly reduced in proportion to the increase in the current from anode 25.
  • a meter connected to measure the output current of multiplier tube 20, in such as circuit as that described, will provide direct readings of density upon a uniformly graduated scale.
  • Meter 50 is connected across shunt resistor 38 and thus measures the potential drop through the shunt rein operatively low bleeder currents, the potential drop between anode 25 and dynode 30 is not varied disproportionately with respect to its variation at lower levels of illumination resulting in higher bleeder currents.
  • the anode voltage should not be so high that leakage currentsand other undesired effects are introduced, nor should it be so low that tube 20 is operated on the steep portion of the anode voltage-anode current curve I0 shown in Fig. 1.
  • the anode 25-dynode 30 voltage is held at a sensibly constant value irrespective of the. magnitude ofthe bleeder current through resistor series 35.
  • the value will vary slightly due to the normal change in control grid 27cathode 37 volta'ge of pentode 4f0 and the slight variation in Voltage developed across tube 45 itself over the bleeder current range involved.
  • Fig. 3 represents a modification of the invention in which a substantially constant potential battery is substituted for gaseous discharge tube 45.
  • elements identical with those in Fig. 2 have been given corresponding reference characters.
  • a substantially constant potential battery 60 is substituted for voltage stabilizer tube 45, and maintains the potential between anode 25 and dynode 30 at a substantially constant value irrespective of the anode current of tube 20.
  • the .circuit of Fig. 3 operates otherwise in the same manner as does the circuit of Fig. 2.
  • a thir alternative which has not been illustrated in order to maintain the drawings as simple as possible, is to make the portion of the bleeder resistor connected between anode 25 and dynode 30, in the manner shown in the above identied application, have an ohmic value so high with respect to that of the rest of resistors 35 that the anode voltage will never drop to a point below about 5I) volts, irrespective of the anode current, over the range of the instrument. This is a level considerably in excess of saturation of multiplier tube 20.
  • the latter alternative is less desirable since there will be a very large range of anode voltages involved for a given change in bleeder current values.
  • the described circuits are substantially completely independent of all ordinary variations in supply line voltage. Additionally, the calibration is unaffected by changes due to the aging of tubes such as pentode 40 and gaseous discharge tube 45, or replacement cf the latter. The only element affecting the calibration is the photomultiplier tube 20. Thus, the overall stability performance of the instrument isincreased.
  • the present multiplier tube control circuit when the present multiplier tube control circuit is incorporated in a densitorneter for measuring the density of a sample, a stable instrument, having its calibrations substantially unaffected by changes other than changes in the multiplier tube itself, is provided. Such an instrument provides direct readings of density upon a substantially uniformly graduated scale meter. While the circuit is particularly useful in such densitometers, it is not necessarily limited thereto, but is equally applicable to all types of multiplier tubes wherein the output current-anode voltage relationship varies at diiierent rates over a given range of anode voltages.
  • An electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged Atherebetween; voltage means connected to the electrodes of said tube for impressing potentials therebetween; a source of potential; variable impedance means connected in electrical series relation with said source and said voltage means and effective to vary the potential drop across said voltage means;
  • multiplier tube anode current responsive means connected in circuit relation with the output of said tube and with said variable impedance means and effective to vary the impedance of the latter, as a function of such anode current, to modulate such impressed potentials as a function of such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in circuit connection with said anode and the adiacent multiplier electrode and effective to maintain the potential therebetween substantially constant irrespective of variations in such anode current.
  • An electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; bleeder impedance means connected to the electrodes of said Q tube for impressing potentials therebetween; a source of potential; variable impedance means connected in electrical series relation with said source and said bleeder impedance means and effective to vary the potential drop across said bleeder impedance means; multiplier tube anode current responsive means connected in circuit relation -with the output of said tube and with said variable impedance means and eiective to vary the impedance of the latter,
  • An electronic measuring circuit comprising,
  • an electron multiplier tube inand with said variable impedance means and effective to vary the impedance of the latter, as a function of such anode current, to modulate such 'i impressed potentials as a function of such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in circuit .connection with said anode and lthe adjacent multiplier electrode and effective to maintain the potential therebetween substantially constant irrespective of variations in such anode current.
  • An electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; voltage means connected to the electrodes of said tube for impressing potentials therebetween; a source of potential; variable impedance means connected in electrical series relation with said source and said voltage means and effective to vary the potential drop across said voltage means; multiplier tube anode current responsive means connected in circuit relation with the output of said tube and with said variable impedance means and effective to vary the impedance of the latter, as a function of such anode current, to modulate such impressed potentials as a function oi' such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in parallel circuit connection with said anode and the adjacent multiplier electrode and in series circuit relation with said variable impedance means and effective to maintain the potential ⁇ between said anode and said adjacent multiplier electrode substantially constant irrespective of variations in such anode current.
  • An electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; bleeder impedance means connected to the electrodes of said tube for impressing potentials therebetween; a source of potential; variable impedance means connected in electrical series relation with said source and said bleeder impedance means and effective to Vary the potential drop across said bleeder impedance means; multiplier tube anode current responsive means connected in circuit relation with the output of said tube and with said variable impedance means and effective to vary the impedance of the latter, as a function of such/anode current, to modulate such impressed potentials as a function of such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in parallel circuit connection with said anode and the adjacent multiplier electrode and in series circuit relation with said variableimpedance means and effective to maintain the potential between said anode and said adjacent multiplier electrode substantially constant irrespective of variations in such anode current.
  • An electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube includingan anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; bleeder resistor means connected to the electrodes of said tube forl impressing potentials therebetween; a source of potential; variable impedance means connected in electrical series relation with said source and said bleeder resistor means and eiective to vary the potential drop across said bleeder resistor means; vmultiplier tube anodi current responsive means connected in circuit relation with the output of said tube and with said variable impedance means and effective to vary the impedance of the latter, as a function of such anode current, to modulate such impressed potentials as a function of such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in parallel circuit connection with said anode and the adjacent multiplier electrode and in series circuit rela-tlon with said variable impedance means and effective to maintain the potential between said anode and said adjacent multiplier electrode substantially constant irrespective of variations in such anode current.
  • An electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a .cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; voltage means connected to the electrodes of said tube for impressing potentials therebetween; a source of potential; a thermionic amplifier tube having its output connected in electrical series relation with said source and said voltage means and effective to vary the potential drop across said voltage means; multiplier tube anode current responsive means connected in circuit relation with the output of said multiplier tube and with the input of said amplifier tube and effective to vary the amplification factor of the latter, as a function of such anode current, to modulate such impressed potentials as a function of such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in circuit connection with said anode and the adjacent multiplier electrode and effective to maintain the potential therebetween substantially constant irrespective of variations in such anode current.
  • An electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; bleeder impedance means connected to the electrodes of said tube for impressing potential therebetween; a source of potential; a thermionic amplifier tube having its output connected in electrical series relation with said source and said bleeder impedance means and effective to vary the potential drop across said bleeder impedance means; multiplier tube anode current responsive means connected in circuit relation with the output of said multiplier tube and with the input of said amplifier tube and effective to vary the amplification factor of the latter, as a function of such anode current,I to modulate such impressed potentials as a function of such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in circuit connection Witii said anode and the adjacent multiplier electrode and effective to maintain the potential therebetween substantially constant irrespective of variations in such anode current.
  • An electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; bleeder resistor means connected to the electrodes of said tube for impressing potentials therebetween; a source of potential; a thermionic amplier tube having its output connected in electrical series relation withsaid source and said bleeder resistor means and effective to vary the potential drop across said bleeder resistor means; multiplier tube anode current responsive means connected in circuit relation with the output of said tube and with the input of said amplifier tube and effective to vary the amplification factor of the latter, as a function of such anode current, to modulate lsuch impressed potentials as a function of such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in circuit connection with said anode and the adjacent multiplier electrode and effective to maintain the potential therebetween l0r ⁇ substantially constant irrespective of variations in such anode current.
  • An electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a, cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; voltage means connected to the electrodes of said tube for impressing potentials therebetween; a
  • thermionic amplifier tubev having its output connected in electrical series relation with said source and said voltage means and effective to vary the potential drop across said voltage means; multiplier tube anode current responsive means connected in circuit relation with the output of said multiplier tube and with the input of said amplifier tube and effective to vary the amplification factor of the latter, as a function of such anode current, to modulate such impressed potentials as a function of such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in parallel circuit connection with said anode and the adjacent multiplier electrode and -in series circuit relation with the output of said amplifier tube and effective to maintain the potential between said anode and said adjacent multiplier elec-trede substantially constant irrespective of variations Iin such anode current.
  • An electronic measuring circuit comprisin-g, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; bleeder impedance means connected to the electrodes of said tube for impressing potential therebetween; a source of potential; a thermionic amplifier tube having its output connected in electrical series relation with said source and said bleeder impedance means and effective to vary the potential drop across said bleeder impedance means; multiplier tube anode current responsive means connected in circuit relation with the output of said multiplier tube and with the input of said amplier tube and effective to vary the amplification factor of the latter, as a function of such anode current, to modulate such impressed potentials as a function of such anode current; and vol-tage stabilizing means in parallel circuit connection with said .anode and the adjacent multiplier electrode and in series ycircuit relation with lthe output of said amplifier tube and eiective to maintain the potential betweensaid anode and said adjacent multiplier electrode substantially constant irrespective of
  • An electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; bleeder resistor means connected to the electrodes of said tube for impressing potentials therebetween; a source of potential; a thermionic amplier tube having its output connected 'in electrical series relation with said source and said bleeder resistor means and effective to vary the potential drop across said bleeder resistor means; multiplier tube anode current responsive means connected in circuit relation with the output of said tube and with the input of said amplifier tube and effective to Vary the amplification factor of .the latter, as a function of such anode current, to modulate such impressed potentials as a function of such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in parallel circuit connection with said anode and the adjacent multiplier electrode and in series circuit relation with the output of said amplier tube and effective to maintain the potential between said anode and said adjacent multiplier electrode substantially constant irrespectlve of Variations in such anode current.
  • a logarithmically responsive electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, lan electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; voltage means connected to the electrodes of said tube for impressing potentials therebetween; a source of potential; variable impedance means connected in electrical series relation w-tih said source and said voltage lmeans and effective to vary the potential ⁇ drop across said voltage means; multiplier tube anode current responsive means connected in circuit relation with the output of said tube Iand with said variable impedance means and effective to vary the impedance of lthe latter, as an inverse function of such anode current, to modulate such impressed potentials as an inverse function of such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in circuit connection with said anode and the adjacent multiplier electrode and effective to maintain the potential therebetween substantial- 1y constant irrespective of variations in such anode current.
  • a logarithmically responsive electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; bleeder resistor means connected to the electrodes of said tube for impressing potentials therebetween; a source of potential; a thermionic amplifier tube having its output connected in electrical series relation with said source and said bleeder resistor means and eiective to vary the potential drop across said bleeder resistor means;' multiplier tube anode current responsive means connected in circuit relation with the output of said multiplier tube and with the input of said amplifier tube and effective to vary the amplification factor of the latter, as an inverse function of such anode current, to modulate such impressed potentials as an inverse function of such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in circuit connection with said anode and the adjacent multiplier electrode and effective to maintain the potential therebetween substantially constant irrespective of variations in such anode current.
  • a logarithmically responsive electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathodel and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; voltage means connected to the electrodes of said tube for impressing potentials therebetween; a source of potential; a thermionie amplifier tube having its output connected in electrical series relation with said source and said voltage means and effective to vary the potential drop across said voltage means; multiplier tube anode current responsive means,
  • a logarithmically responsive electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an
  • electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; bleeder resistor means connected to the electrodes 0f said tube for lmpressing potentials therebetween; a source of potential; a thermionic amplifier tube having its output connected in electrical series relation with said source and said bleeder resistor and eiective to vary the potential drop across said bleeder resistor; multiplier tube anode current responsive means, including a conductor connecting said anode to the control grid of said amplifier tube, eiective to vary the amplification factor of the latter, as an inverse function of such anode current, to correspondingly vary the bleeder current to modulate such impressed potentials as an inverse function of such anode current; and voltage stabilizing means in parallel circuit connection with said anode and the adjacent multiplier electrode and eective to maintain the potential therebetween substantially constant irrespective of variations in such anode current.
  • a logarithmically responsive electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; a bleeder resistor having one terminal connected to said cathode and the other terminal connected to the multiplier electrode adjacent said anode; circuit means connecting equi-spaced points on said resistor to the other multiplier electrodes; a thermionic amplifier tube having a cathode connected to said other resistor terminal for controlling the bleeder current through said resistor to modulate the potentials impressed on the elements of said multiplier tube; a source of potential; means connecting one terminal of said source to said one resistor terminal and the other terminal of said source to the plate of said amplifier tube; multiplier tube anode current responsive means, including a conductor connecting said anode to the control grid of said amplier tube, effective to vary the amplification factor of the latter.
  • a measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; a bleeder resistor having one terminal connected to said cathode and the other terminal connected to the multiplier electrode adjacent said anode; circuit means connecting equi-spaced points on said resistor to the other multiplier electrodes; a thermionic amplifier tube having a cathode connected to said other resistor terminal for controlling the bleeder current through said resistor to modulate the potentials impressed on the elements of said multiplier tube; a source of potential; means connecting one terminal of said source to said one resistor terminal and the other terminal of said source to the plate of said amplifier tube; a grid biasing potential source having one terminal in circuit connection with the cathode of said amplifier tube and the other terminal connected, in series with a grid biasing resistor, to the control grid of said amplifier tube; a conductor connecting said anode logarithmically responsive electronicto the control grid in Parallel with said biasing resistor, where
  • a logarithmicaliy responsive electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; a bleeder resistor having one terminal connected to said cathode and the other terminal connected to the multiplier electrode adjacent said anode; circuit means connecting equi-spaced points on said resistor to the other multiplier electrodes; a thermionic amplifier tube having a cathode connected to said other resistor terminal for controlling the bleeder current through said resistor to modulate the potentials impressed on the elements of said multiplier tube; a source of potential; means connecting one terminal of said source to said one resistor terminal and the other terminal of said source to the plate of said amplifier tube; a grid biasing potential source having one terminal in circuit connection with the cathode of said amplifier tube and the' other terminal connected, in series with a grid biasing resistor, to the control grid of said amplifier tube; a conductor connecting said anode to the control grid in parallel with said biasing resistor
  • a logarithmically responsive electronic measuring circuit comprising, in combination, an electron multiplier tube including an anode, a cathode and intermediate multiplier electrodes arranged therebetween; a bleeder resistor having one terminal connected to said cathode and the other terminal connected to the multiplier electrode adjacent said anode; circuit means connecting equi-spaced points on said resistor to the other multiplier electrodes; a thermionic ampliiier tube having a cathode connected to said other resistor terminal for controlling the bleeder current through said resistor to modulate the potentials impressed on the elements of said multiplier tube; a source of potential; means connecting one terminal of said source to said one resistor terminal and the other terminal of said source to the plate of said amplifier tube; a grid biasing potential source having one terminal in circuit connection with the cathode of said ampliiler tube and the other terminal connected, in series with a grid biasing resistor, to the control grid of said ampliiier tube; a conductor connecting said anode to the control grid

Landscapes

  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
US647932A 1946-02-15 1946-02-15 Electron multiplier tube circuits Expired - Lifetime US2457747A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US647932A US2457747A (en) 1946-02-15 1946-02-15 Electron multiplier tube circuits
GB36166/46A GB632378A (en) 1946-02-15 1946-12-06 Electron multiplier tube circuits
FR55236D FR55236E (fr) 1946-02-15 1947-02-04 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs à circuits électroniques à sensibilité logarithmique
DEP29348D DE921089C (de) 1946-02-15 1949-01-01 Elektronenroehren-Messschaltung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US647932A US2457747A (en) 1946-02-15 1946-02-15 Electron multiplier tube circuits

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2457747A true US2457747A (en) 1948-12-28

Family

ID=24598815

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US647932A Expired - Lifetime US2457747A (en) 1946-02-15 1946-02-15 Electron multiplier tube circuits

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2457747A (de)
DE (1) DE921089C (de)
FR (1) FR55236E (de)
GB (1) GB632378A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2583132A (en) * 1947-03-27 1952-01-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Inspection apparatus
US2648779A (en) * 1951-04-07 1953-08-11 Collins Radio Co Radiation detector
US2707238A (en) * 1949-09-13 1955-04-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Photomultiplier tube circuit
US2724304A (en) * 1950-09-29 1955-11-22 Phillips Petroleum Co Differential refractometer
US2758217A (en) * 1951-05-17 1956-08-07 Perforating Guns Atlas Corp Automatic scintillation counter
US2769098A (en) * 1953-04-21 1956-10-30 Stuart B Dunham Wide range radiation instrument
US2807723A (en) * 1955-09-21 1957-09-24 Singer Sidney High power pulsed oscillator
US3006242A (en) * 1958-04-01 1961-10-31 Latronics Corp Optical temperature measuring apparatus
US3091697A (en) * 1955-03-03 1963-05-28 Ethel D Armbrecht Photomultiplier control circuit

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2982860A (en) * 1958-05-28 1961-05-02 Telephonics Corp Photomultiplier compensation system
CH417787A (de) * 1964-12-16 1966-07-31 Heberlein & Co Ag Photoelektrische Schaltung zur Messung der relativen Änderung eines Lichtstroms

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2139474A (en) * 1936-12-23 1938-12-06 Rca Corp Integration indicating circuit
US2241371A (en) * 1938-03-25 1941-05-06 Standard Oil Dev Co Method and apparatus for determining the wave form of a periodic electrical impulse
US2257942A (en) * 1939-04-05 1941-10-07 Farnsworth Television & Radio Image amplifier
US2328985A (en) * 1941-10-31 1943-09-07 Rca Corp Phase indicating apparatus
US2342986A (en) * 1940-08-07 1944-02-29 Vacuum Science Products Ltd Electron discharge apparatus
US2374248A (en) * 1941-12-02 1945-04-24 Gen Radio Co Pulse-integrating circuit
US2389991A (en) * 1943-03-18 1945-11-27 Farnsworth Television & Radio Mosaic sensitivity indicator
US2416376A (en) * 1944-01-14 1947-02-25 Farnsworth Television & Radio Variable gain electron multiplier

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2139474A (en) * 1936-12-23 1938-12-06 Rca Corp Integration indicating circuit
US2241371A (en) * 1938-03-25 1941-05-06 Standard Oil Dev Co Method and apparatus for determining the wave form of a periodic electrical impulse
US2257942A (en) * 1939-04-05 1941-10-07 Farnsworth Television & Radio Image amplifier
US2342986A (en) * 1940-08-07 1944-02-29 Vacuum Science Products Ltd Electron discharge apparatus
US2328985A (en) * 1941-10-31 1943-09-07 Rca Corp Phase indicating apparatus
US2374248A (en) * 1941-12-02 1945-04-24 Gen Radio Co Pulse-integrating circuit
US2389991A (en) * 1943-03-18 1945-11-27 Farnsworth Television & Radio Mosaic sensitivity indicator
US2416376A (en) * 1944-01-14 1947-02-25 Farnsworth Television & Radio Variable gain electron multiplier

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2583132A (en) * 1947-03-27 1952-01-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Inspection apparatus
US2707238A (en) * 1949-09-13 1955-04-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Photomultiplier tube circuit
US2724304A (en) * 1950-09-29 1955-11-22 Phillips Petroleum Co Differential refractometer
US2648779A (en) * 1951-04-07 1953-08-11 Collins Radio Co Radiation detector
US2758217A (en) * 1951-05-17 1956-08-07 Perforating Guns Atlas Corp Automatic scintillation counter
US2769098A (en) * 1953-04-21 1956-10-30 Stuart B Dunham Wide range radiation instrument
US3091697A (en) * 1955-03-03 1963-05-28 Ethel D Armbrecht Photomultiplier control circuit
US2807723A (en) * 1955-09-21 1957-09-24 Singer Sidney High power pulsed oscillator
US3006242A (en) * 1958-04-01 1961-10-31 Latronics Corp Optical temperature measuring apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR55236E (fr) 1951-10-02
DE921089C (de) 1954-12-09
GB632378A (en) 1949-11-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2457747A (en) Electron multiplier tube circuits
US2326614A (en) Amplifier
US2417023A (en) Photoelectric electron multiplier tube photometer circuits
US2971433A (en) Transistorized photomultiplier photometer circuit
US2420058A (en) Compensated photoelectric photometer circuits
US2565265A (en) Stabilized electrooptical system
US2576100A (en) Voltage stabilizing system and tube
US2492901A (en) Biased diode logarithmic compensating circuit for electrical instruments
US2728862A (en) Radiation measuring instrument
US2478163A (en) Logarithmic photometer
US2365575A (en) Electron discharge amplifier
US2595611A (en) Ionization gauge
US2649834A (en) Optical feed-back densitometer
US2829334A (en) Current regulator
US2550990A (en) Direct current amplifier
Sweet An improved photomultiplier tube color densitometer
US2119194A (en) Modulation meter
US2903524A (en) D-c amplifier
US2680990A (en) Optical feedback photometer
US2601271A (en) Direct current stabilizer
US2462190A (en) Amplifier for small direct currents
US2763837A (en) Electronic square-law meter circuit
US4004853A (en) Exposure meter circuit
US2354483A (en) Voltage variation compensator
US2949575A (en) Temperature compensated bolometer bias supply