US2455555A - Electrodeposition of nickel from an acid bath - Google Patents
Electrodeposition of nickel from an acid bath Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2455555A US2455555A US666508A US66650846A US2455555A US 2455555 A US2455555 A US 2455555A US 666508 A US666508 A US 666508A US 66650846 A US66650846 A US 66650846A US 2455555 A US2455555 A US 2455555A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- electrodeposition
- acid bath
- mixture
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 31
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- -1 unsaturated aliphatic nitro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- PIAOLBVUVDXHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroethenylbenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PIAOLBVUVDXHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OGNVQLDIPUXYDH-ZPKKHLQPSA-N (2R,3R,4S)-3-(2-methylpropanoylamino)-4-(4-phenyltriazol-1-yl)-2-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)OC(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]1N1N=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 OGNVQLDIPUXYDH-ZPKKHLQPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYZVQXIUVGKCBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 SYZVQXIUVGKCBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWKZEBVXYLBHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 OWKZEBVXYLBHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHBQMWCZKVMBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KHBQMWCZKVMBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MIAUJDCQDVWHEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O MIAUJDCQDVWHEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005619 boric acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonaldehyde Chemical compound C\C=C\C=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N crotonaldehyde Natural products CC=CC=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YZMHQCWXYHARLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-disulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 YZMHQCWXYHARLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RPMXALUWKZHYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethene Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)C=C RPMXALUWKZHYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
Description
Patented 7, 1948 amc'raonsrosrrron or menu. FROM Anson) ns'rn Henry Brown, Detroit, Micln, minor to The Udylite Corporation, Detroit, Mich, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application May 1, 1946,
- Serial No. 666,508 1 2 Claims. (Cl. 204-49) This invention relates to the electrodeposition of bright plate from aqueous acidic nickel baths.
This object can be accomplished by the addition of soluble alpha unsaturated aliphatic nitro compounds such as p-nitro styrene sulfonic acid to acidic nickel baths such as those listed in Table II.
The alpha unsaturated aliphatic nitro compounds are more effective in giving brighter plate than the saturated aliphatic nitro compounds, when used in conjunction with a compound of Table III, or when a group is in the same molecule containing the aliphatic nitro group. This is, evidently, because of the contribution of the olefinic unsaturation to the unsaturation ofthe aliphatic nitro group itself, in a somewhat similar way as butyraldehyde compared with crotonaldehyde. The latter is much more effective in the nickel bath.
It is in general preferred to use the sulionic derivatives of the alpha unsaturated aliphatic nitro compounds because of the low solubility and oily effects of the compounds without sulionic groups. These sulfonic derivatives, such as EX- amples l and 2 (Table I) can be used alone in the acidic nickel baths to give very bright ductile plate. They can also be used with the compoundsof Table III but the enhancement is then not as marked as if the nitro compound did not contain a group.
The compounds of Table I are best used in the concentration values given, though higher concentrations up to saturation can be used, especially in cold baths.
Besides the nickel salts listed in Table II, other nickel salts such as nickel sulfamate may 2 be used in whole or in part. In fact, any acidic nickel bath may be used for the purpose of this invention which is capable of producing thick, adherent, and preferably ductile dull deposits.
The best pH values to use are 3-5, though higher or lower may be used, depending mainly on the temperature used (the higher the temperature, the lower the pH usually used). The preferred temperatures are 122-140" F. Too'low pH (below 2.0-2.5) tends to slow the rate of brightening.
The best bufler to use is boric acid, even though other buffers such as formates and citrates may be used. If the latter are used, it is preferable to also use boric acid with them.
It is bestnot to have any ammonium salts in the warm baths, or keep their concentration below about 3 g./l. oi ammonium chloride, because of the adverse eflects of excessive ammonium salts on the ductility and color of the plate from warm baths.
Table I Grams per liter (1) 2-nitrovinyl benzene sulionic (o, m, or
p) (Ni, Co. Fe, Na, K or Mg salt) (5- nitrostyrene sulfonic acids) 0.3-5
IYTO: nmsO-cnmzn (2) o-Chlor p-nltrostyrene para sulionic 0H acid (Ni, Co, Fe, Na, K, or Mg salt) 0.3-5 T 35 (3) l-nitro isobutylene .1-1
CH: NO:
40 (4) B-Nitrostyrene .05-.2 (5) Nitro ethylene .?.-.2
Table II B 11 Bath NlSOi-gHLO, NiCln/(iHsO, N15,, u at 'r el DH 513% Formula gJL Amps./sq.it.
as 10-75 1-5 10-100 1.54s 10-85 2-0 10-75 2-0 10-85 2-6 10-85 2-6 10-100 2-0 10-85 3 Table III Opt. cone. in the bath g./l. o-Benzoyl sulfimide (saccharin) 1-3 Benzene sulfonamide 1-3 Toluene sulfonamide (0 or p) 1-3 Naphthalene disulfonic acids a 1-4 Diphenyl sulfone sulfonic acid 1-4 Benzene disulfonic acid 10-15 I claim:
1. A bath for electrodepositing' bright nickel I comprising an aqueous acid solution of a material selected from the group consisting of nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, a mixture of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride, a mixture of nickel fluoborate and nickel chloride, a mixture of nickel fiuoborate and nickel sulfate, and a mixture of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and nickel fluoborate, said solution having dissolved therein 2- nitrovinyl benzene sulionic acid in an amount falling within a range of from about .3 gram per liter to saturation, said hath having a pH falling within a range of from 2 to 6.
2. A method for eiectrodepositing bright nickel comprising the step of electrodepositing bright -nickel from an aqueous acid solution of a. ma-
terlal selected from the group consisting oi nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, a mixture of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride, a mixture of nickel fluoborate and nickel chloride, 9. mixture of nickel fluoborate and nickel sulfate, and a mixture of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and nickel fluoborate, said solution having dissolved therein 2-nitrovinyl benzene suli'onic acid in an amount falling within a range of from about .3 gram per liter to saturation, said bath having a pH falling within a range of from HENRY BROWN.
REFERENCES CITED The follc wing references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,029,387 Pine Feb. 4, 1936 2,191,813 Brown Feb. 27, 1940 OTHER REFERENCES Linick, Metal Finishing (Nov. 1941), page 611.
Modern Electroplating, special volume, published by Electrochemical Society (1942), pages 242 and 243.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US666508A US2455555A (en) | 1946-05-01 | 1946-05-01 | Electrodeposition of nickel from an acid bath |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US666508A US2455555A (en) | 1946-05-01 | 1946-05-01 | Electrodeposition of nickel from an acid bath |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2455555A true US2455555A (en) | 1948-12-07 |
Family
ID=24674360
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US666508A Expired - Lifetime US2455555A (en) | 1946-05-01 | 1946-05-01 | Electrodeposition of nickel from an acid bath |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2455555A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2664392A (en) * | 1949-11-23 | 1953-12-29 | Pennsylvania Salt Mfg Co | Nickel plating |
| US3095362A (en) * | 1960-11-21 | 1963-06-25 | Incar Inc | Zinc plating composition and process |
| US3109784A (en) * | 1960-11-21 | 1963-11-05 | Incar Inc | Copper plating composition and process |
| US3152975A (en) * | 1961-02-07 | 1964-10-13 | Hanson Van Winkle Munning Co | Electrodeposition of nickel |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2029387A (en) * | 1934-03-14 | 1936-02-04 | Harshaw Chem Corp | Method and means of electrodeposition |
| US2191813A (en) * | 1939-12-01 | 1940-02-27 | Udylite Corp | Electrodeposition of nickel from an acid bath |
-
1946
- 1946-05-01 US US666508A patent/US2455555A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2029387A (en) * | 1934-03-14 | 1936-02-04 | Harshaw Chem Corp | Method and means of electrodeposition |
| US2191813A (en) * | 1939-12-01 | 1940-02-27 | Udylite Corp | Electrodeposition of nickel from an acid bath |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2664392A (en) * | 1949-11-23 | 1953-12-29 | Pennsylvania Salt Mfg Co | Nickel plating |
| US3095362A (en) * | 1960-11-21 | 1963-06-25 | Incar Inc | Zinc plating composition and process |
| US3109784A (en) * | 1960-11-21 | 1963-11-05 | Incar Inc | Copper plating composition and process |
| US3152975A (en) * | 1961-02-07 | 1964-10-13 | Hanson Van Winkle Munning Co | Electrodeposition of nickel |
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