US2454043A - Gelatino-silver halide photographic elements containing higher fatty alcohols - Google Patents
Gelatino-silver halide photographic elements containing higher fatty alcohols Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2454043A US2454043A US584724A US58472445A US2454043A US 2454043 A US2454043 A US 2454043A US 584724 A US584724 A US 584724A US 58472445 A US58472445 A US 58472445A US 2454043 A US2454043 A US 2454043A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- higher fatty
- emulsion
- silver halide
- gelatino
- gelatin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 title description 17
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 11
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 37
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 20
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 20
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 SILVER HALiDE Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- IRHTZOCLLONTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO IRHTZOCLLONTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950004864 olamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/38—Dispersants; Agents facilitating spreading
Definitions
- This invention relates to photographic materials and particularly to the production of photographic emulsions and photographic elements consisting of a support carrying a layer of photographic emulsion.
- Photographic emulsions usually consist of a dispersion of one or-more silverhalides, e. g. silver bromide or silver chloride, in gelatin, though other colloidal binding agents have been proposed. It is found that suchemulsions, coated to form photographic elements, have a tendency to become soratchedinuse, and various methods of overcoming this difficulty have been proposed. Thus, in the case of film to be used for cinematographic purposes ithas been proposed to apply a coating of wax over the surface of the emulsion, this serving-apparently'as a lubricant and for that reason reducing the formation of scratch marks.
- silverhalides e. g. silver bromide or silver chloride
- the invention is of particular value in connectionwith the production of photographic materials carrying gelatino silver halide emulsions.
- One convenient method of adding the higher fatty alcohols to a photographic emulsion" is to dissolve the higher fatty alcoholin a solvent, e. g.
- a lower fatty alcohol such as ethyl alcohol
- the higher fatty alcohol may be added in molten form, i. e. at a temperature above its melting point.
- a dispersing agent in the photographic emulsion, or in the solution of the higher fatty alcohol, in order to facilitate dispersion of 2 the alcohol in the emulsion.
- Any of the well known surface-activewetting agents maybe em ployed for this purpose, e. g.
- soluble salts of long chain-alkyl carboxylic acids, of long-chain-alkyl sulphonic acids, of sulphated higher fattyalcohols, of sulphated long-chain secondary alcohols, or of alkylatedaromatic sulphonic acids Such soluble salts may be salts formed fromalkali metals or-ammoniaor: amines, eh g; triethan'olamine and cyclohexylamine.
- the preferred method of incorporating the higher fatty alcohol in a photographic emulsion is to form an aqueous dispersion of the alcohol by the assistance of a dispersing agent-and to add this aqueous dispersion to the liquid-photographic emulsion or to a portion of the'colloid, usually gelatin, to be used in forming the photographic emulsion.
- the higher fatty alcohol may be applied as a surface coating to theemulsion instead of being directly'incorporated therein.
- the higher fatty alcohol in the form of an aqueous dispersion in the form of a solution in a suitable solvent such as a lower alcohol, or in molten form, may be applied directly to the surface of the coated emulsion.
- the higher fattyalcohol maybe dispersed in a colloid medium, e. g. gelatin, and theresulting colloid dispersion coated as alayer over the photographic emulsion.
- FIG. 1 constitutes a sectional view of one type of element
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view of another type of element.
- a film base I has coated on one side thereof a gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer 2 which has uniformly dispersed therethrough a higher unsubstituted, saturated,
- the film element of Fig. 2 consists of a film base I which has dispersed on one side thereof a gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer 2 on which there is coated a layer 3 which is composed of gelatin which has uniformly dispersed therethrough an alcohol of the aforementioned type.
- a layer containing a higher fatty alcohol may be coated, in accordance with this invention, on the surface of fully processed materials, e. g. on either or both surfaces of processed cine film where the higher fatty alcohol assistsin the prevention of the scratch marks which commonly arise during the running of the film through projector mechanism.
- Example Gelatin ms Teepol X cc 40 Water do" 80 stearyl alcohol do 2 Teepol X is a commercial anion-active composition containing about active agent.
- the dispersion was prepared by melting the above ingredients together and vigorously stirring while allowing the composition to cool to about room temperature. After the addition of the disper sion to the emulsion, the emulsion was coated on glass plates and dried b the usual technique.
- a photographic element comprising a supmer consisting of gelatin which has uniformly dispersed therethrough a small proportion of a surface-active wetting agent and from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of an unsubstituted, saturated, aliphatic, primary monohydric alcohol of at least 12 carbon atoms and which is solid at ordinary temperatures based on the gelatin.
- a photographic element comprising a support bearing a light-sensitive gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer and ,having in an outer layer of said element asingle film-forming polymer consisting of gelatin which has uniformly dispersed therethrough from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of stearyl alcohol based on the gelatin.
- a photographic element comprising a support bearing a light-sensitive gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer which has uniformly dispersed therethrough from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of an unsubstituted, saturated, aliphatic, primary monohydric alcohol of at least 12 carbon atoms and which is solid at ordinary temperatures based on the gelatin, said gelatin being the only filmforming polymer in the emulsion layer.
- a photographic element comprising a support bearing a light-sensitive gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer which has uniformly dispersed therethrough a small proportion of a surface-active wetting agentand from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of an unsubstituted, saturated, aliphatic, primary monohydric alcohol of at least 12 carbon atoms and which is solid at ordinary temperatures based on the gelatin, said gelatin being the only film-forming polymer in the emulsion layer.
- a photographic element comprising a support bearing a light-sensitive gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer which has uniformly dispersed therethrough from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of stearyl alcohol based on the gelatin, said gelatin being the only film-forming polymer in the emulsion layer.
- a photographic element comprising a support bearing a light-sensitive gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer having coated thereon an outer layer consisting of gelatin as the sole filmforming polymer which has uniformly dispersed therethrough from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of an unsubstituted, saturated, aliphatic, primary monohydric alcohol of at least 12 carbon atoms and which is solid at ordinary temperatures based on the gelatin.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
N 1943- w. H. DIMSDALE EIAL 2,454,043
GELATINO-SILVER HALIDE PHOTOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS CONTAINING HIGHER FATTY ALCOHOLS Filed March 24, 1945 FIG].
FILM BASE F/GZ/ I CELA TIN CON TAININC 0.5 M10 OF'SATURA TED ALIPI-IATIC GELATIN SILVER HALiDE EMULSION FILM BASE INVENTORS' WILFRID HAMPDEN DIMSDALE n; KENNETH JOHN CHAL us A T'TORNE Y PRIMARYMONOHYDRIC ALCOHOL OF ATLEASTIZ CARBONATOIIS Patented Nov. 16, 1948 GEILATINO S-IIJVER HALIDE PHOTOGRAPHIC {ELEMENTS CONTAINING HIGHER FATTY ALGQHOLS "Wilfrid Harnpden Dimsdale and Kenneth dohn -@hallis, Ilford, England, assignors to Ilford Limited; IlfordJEn'gland, a British company ApplicationMarch24, 1945, Serial No. 584,724 In Great Britain April 4, 1944.
7 Qlaims.
This invention relates to photographic materials and particularly to the production of photographic emulsions and photographic elements consisting ofa support carrying a layer of photographic emulsion.
"Photographic emulsions usually consist of a dispersion of one or-more silverhalides, e. g. silver bromide or silver chloride, in gelatin, though other colloidal binding agents have been proposed. It is found that suchemulsions, coated to form photographic elements, have a tendency to become soratchedinuse, and various methods of overcoming this difficulty have been proposed. Thus, in the case of film to be used for cinematographic purposes ithas been proposed to apply a coating of wax over the surface of the emulsion, this serving-apparently'as a lubricant and for that reason reducing the formation of scratch marks.
It has now been discovered-that the tendency for photographic emulsion layers and other outer colloid layers of photographic elements to become scratched in use maybe reduced'by including in the emulsion'layer or other outer colloid layer during its manufacture, or by'applying to the surface of the coated emulsion layer-or other outercolloiddayer; a small proportion of a higher fatty alcohol which is solid atordinary (room) temperatures.
The invention is of particular value in connectionwith the production of photographic materials carrying gelatino silver halide emulsions.
In the series of fattyalcohols, those containing 12 or more carbon atoms are solid at ordinary: temperatures, and the -present invention, I17
'thereforaenvisages the use of dodecyl' alcohol and the higher homologous members of the series, e. g; cetyl-alcohol, ceryl alcohol, miricyl'alcohol andstearyl alcohol. It is particularly to be observed that the compounds used are the free alcohols and not the corresponding esters.
One convenient method of adding the higher fatty alcohols to a photographic emulsion" is to dissolve the higher fatty alcoholin a solvent, e. g.
a lower fatty alcohol such as ethyl alcohol, and
stir the-resulting solution into the liquidphotographic emulsion'or' intothe colloid (or part thereof) which is to be used in making the photographic emulsion. Alternatively, the higher fatty alcohol may be added in molten form, i. e. at a temperature above its melting point. In general it is found desirable to include a small proportion of a dispersing agent in the photographic emulsion, or in the solution of the higher fatty alcohol, in order to facilitate dispersion of 2 the alcohol in the emulsion. Any of the well known surface-activewetting agents maybe em ployed for this purpose, e. g. soluble salts of long chain-alkyl carboxylic acids, of long-chain-alkyl sulphonic acids, of sulphated higher fattyalcohols, of sulphated long-chain secondary alcohols, or of alkylatedaromatic sulphonic acids]: Such soluble salts may be salts formed fromalkali metals or-ammoniaor: amines, eh g; triethan'olamine and cyclohexylamine. The various com mercial products sold. as'dispersing agents for use in the dyeing and textile industries maybe so employed.
The preferred method of incorporating the higher fatty alcohol in a photographic emulsion is to form an aqueous dispersion of the alcohol by the assistance of a dispersing agent-and to add this aqueous dispersion to the liquid-photographic emulsion or to a portion of the'colloid, usually gelatin, to be used in forming the photographic emulsion.
As indicated above, the higher fatty alcohol may be applied as a surface coating to theemulsion instead of being directly'incorporated therein. Thus the higher fatty alcohol in the form of an aqueous dispersion, in the form of a solution in a suitable solvent such as a lower alcohol, or in molten form, may be applied directly to the surface of the coated emulsion. Alternatively, the higher fattyalcohol maybe dispersed in a colloid medium, e. g. gelatin, and theresulting colloid dispersion coated as alayer over the photographic emulsion.
Only a small proportion of higher fatty alcohol is necessary to obtain the desired effect. The optimum proportion appears to depend on'th'e particular higherfattyalcoholemployed and, where the higher fatty alcohol is dispersed in the emulsion or a superposed colloid layer, on the nature of such emulsion or colloid layer; In general it is found'that for gelatin emulsions and colloid layers, proportions varying from about 0.5% to 10%, or even'more, on the weight of the gelatin or other colloid, are practical; though, generally speaking, a proportion of 2 to 3% gives the optimum result. Where the higher fattyal cohol is appliedas a coating to theemulsiomit shouldbe applied as a thin layer, e. g. 1.0 to 5.0 thick. Such a layer, coated on the surface of an unprocessed emulsion, does not seriously affect the processing of the emulsion with the normal processing liquids.
Two photographic elements of the type described above are illustrated in the accompanying drawing wherein Fig. 1 constitutes a sectional view of one type of element, and
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of another type of element.
Referring now to Fig. 1, a film base I has coated on one side thereof a gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer 2 which has uniformly dispersed therethrough a higher unsubstituted, saturated,
aliphatic, primary monohydric alcohol of at least 12 carbon atoms and which is solid at ordinary temperatures.
The film element of Fig. 2 consists of a film base I which has dispersed on one side thereof a gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer 2 on which there is coated a layer 3 which is composed of gelatin which has uniformly dispersed therethrough an alcohol of the aforementioned type.
Whilst this invention is primarily concerned with the treatment of the photographic emulsion during its manufacture or at some stage prior to processing, a layer containing a higher fatty alcohol may be coated, in accordance with this invention, on the surface of fully processed materials, e. g. on either or both surfaces of processed cine film where the higher fatty alcohol assistsin the prevention of the scratch marks which commonly arise during the running of the film through projector mechanism.
The following example illustrates the invention:
Example Gelatin ms Teepol X cc 40 Water do" 80 stearyl alcohol do 2 Teepol X is a commercial anion-active composition containing about active agent. The dispersion was prepared by melting the above ingredients together and vigorously stirring while allowing the composition to cool to about room temperature. After the addition of the disper sion to the emulsion, the emulsion was coated on glass plates and dried b the usual technique.
It was found that the coated plates were much 7 less easily scratched than corresponding plates prepared without the addition of the stearyl alcohol.
What we claim is:
1. A photographic element comprising a supmer consisting of gelatin which has uniformly dispersed therethrough a small proportion of a surface-active wetting agent and from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of an unsubstituted, saturated, aliphatic, primary monohydric alcohol of at least 12 carbon atoms and which is solid at ordinary temperatures based on the gelatin.
3. A photographic element comprising a support bearing a light-sensitive gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer and ,having in an outer layer of said element asingle film-forming polymer consisting of gelatin which has uniformly dispersed therethrough from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of stearyl alcohol based on the gelatin.
4. A photographic element comprising a support bearing a light-sensitive gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer which has uniformly dispersed therethrough from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of an unsubstituted, saturated, aliphatic, primary monohydric alcohol of at least 12 carbon atoms and which is solid at ordinary temperatures based on the gelatin, said gelatin being the only filmforming polymer in the emulsion layer.
5. A photographic element comprising a support bearing a light-sensitive gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer which has uniformly dispersed therethrough a small proportion of a surface-active wetting agentand from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of an unsubstituted, saturated, aliphatic, primary monohydric alcohol of at least 12 carbon atoms and which is solid at ordinary temperatures based on the gelatin, said gelatin being the only film-forming polymer in the emulsion layer. I
6. A photographic element comprising a support bearing a light-sensitive gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer which has uniformly dispersed therethrough from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of stearyl alcohol based on the gelatin, said gelatin being the only film-forming polymer in the emulsion layer.
7. A photographic element comprising a support bearing a light-sensitive gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer having coated thereon an outer layer consisting of gelatin as the sole filmforming polymer which has uniformly dispersed therethrough from 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of an unsubstituted, saturated, aliphatic, primary monohydric alcohol of at least 12 carbon atoms and which is solid at ordinary temperatures based on the gelatin.
WILFRH) HAMPDEN DIMSDALE. KENNETH JOHN CHALLIS.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,411,677 Trivelli Apr. 4, 1922 2,118,059 Slack et al May 24, 1938 2,271,622 Carroll et al.' Feb. 3, 1942 2,271,623 Carroll Feb. 3, 1942 2,272,191 Fierke Feb. 10, 1942 2,275,727 Carroll et a1 Mar. 10, 1942 2,304,939 Mannes et al. Dec. 15, 1942 2,304,940 Mannes et al. Dec. 15, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 514,251 Great Britain Nov. 3, 1939 Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,454,043. November 16, 1948.
WILFRID HAMPDEN DIMSDALE ET AL.
It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:
To 2000 cc. of a gelatin silver iodobromide emulsion was added a dispersion of the following composition: and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Ofiice.
Signed and sealed this 7th day of June, A. D. 1949.
THOMAS F. MURPHY,
Assistant Uommissioner of Patents.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2454043X | 1944-04-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2454043A true US2454043A (en) | 1948-11-16 |
Family
ID=10907337
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US584724A Expired - Lifetime US2454043A (en) | 1944-04-04 | 1945-03-24 | Gelatino-silver halide photographic elements containing higher fatty alcohols |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2454043A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3416926A (en) * | 1964-10-02 | 1968-12-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | Scribing film |
| US5529891A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-06-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic element having improved scratch resistance |
| US5541048A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-07-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Lubricant particles, method of preparation, and photographic elements |
| EP0789268A1 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-08-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Imaging element comprising an electrically-conductive layer |
| US5956555A (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 1999-09-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Fusing belt having polyurethane release layer |
| US6153362A (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2000-11-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Overcoat for reticulation control in photographic elements |
| US6165702A (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 2000-12-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Imaging element containing polymer particles and lubricant |
| US6197482B1 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2001-03-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polymer overcoat for imaging elements |
| US6468339B1 (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2002-10-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Alumina filled gelatin |
| WO2005062123A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Imaging element having improved durability |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1411677A (en) * | 1919-09-29 | 1922-04-04 | Eastman Kodak Co | Motion-picture film |
| US2118059A (en) * | 1935-09-20 | 1938-05-24 | Eastman Kodak Co | Antistatic photographic film |
| US2271622A (en) * | 1940-02-29 | 1942-02-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsion |
| US2271623A (en) * | 1939-03-30 | 1942-02-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsion |
| US2272191A (en) * | 1939-12-29 | 1942-02-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Dispersing mixtures of resins and coloring materials in gelatin |
| US2275727A (en) * | 1940-02-29 | 1942-03-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsion |
| US2304940A (en) * | 1939-01-23 | 1942-12-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Color photography |
| US2304939A (en) * | 1939-01-23 | 1942-12-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Multilayer photographic material containing color formers |
-
1945
- 1945-03-24 US US584724A patent/US2454043A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1411677A (en) * | 1919-09-29 | 1922-04-04 | Eastman Kodak Co | Motion-picture film |
| US2118059A (en) * | 1935-09-20 | 1938-05-24 | Eastman Kodak Co | Antistatic photographic film |
| GB514251A (en) * | 1935-09-20 | 1939-11-03 | Kodak Ltd | Improvements in photographic sheets, films or foils |
| US2304940A (en) * | 1939-01-23 | 1942-12-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Color photography |
| US2304939A (en) * | 1939-01-23 | 1942-12-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Multilayer photographic material containing color formers |
| US2271623A (en) * | 1939-03-30 | 1942-02-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsion |
| US2272191A (en) * | 1939-12-29 | 1942-02-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Dispersing mixtures of resins and coloring materials in gelatin |
| US2271622A (en) * | 1940-02-29 | 1942-02-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsion |
| US2275727A (en) * | 1940-02-29 | 1942-03-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsion |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3416926A (en) * | 1964-10-02 | 1968-12-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | Scribing film |
| US5529891A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-06-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic element having improved scratch resistance |
| US5541048A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-07-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Lubricant particles, method of preparation, and photographic elements |
| EP0789268A1 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-08-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Imaging element comprising an electrically-conductive layer |
| US6165702A (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 2000-12-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Imaging element containing polymer particles and lubricant |
| US5956555A (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 1999-09-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Fusing belt having polyurethane release layer |
| US6153362A (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2000-11-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Overcoat for reticulation control in photographic elements |
| US6197482B1 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2001-03-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polymer overcoat for imaging elements |
| US6300045B2 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2001-10-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polymer overcoat for imaging elements |
| US6468339B1 (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2002-10-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Alumina filled gelatin |
| WO2005062123A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Imaging element having improved durability |
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