US2452563A - Circuits for repeating square shaped wave forms - Google Patents

Circuits for repeating square shaped wave forms Download PDF

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Publication number
US2452563A
US2452563A US572378A US57237845A US2452563A US 2452563 A US2452563 A US 2452563A US 572378 A US572378 A US 572378A US 57237845 A US57237845 A US 57237845A US 2452563 A US2452563 A US 2452563A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
transformer
pulses
winding
circuits
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US572378A
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English (en)
Inventor
Glover William Frank
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STC PLC
Original Assignee
Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Standard Telephone and Cables PLC filed Critical Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2452563A publication Critical patent/US2452563A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F19/00—Fixed transformers or mutual inductances of the signal type
    • H01F19/04—Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
    • H01F19/08—Transformers having magnetic bias, e.g. for handling pulses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/04—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback
    • H03K3/16—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator with saturable core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/01—Shaping pulses
    • H03K5/02—Shaping pulses by amplifying

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric pulserepeating circuit containing a pulse transformer and concerns particularly an arrangement for applying magnetic bias to the transformer inorder to increase the amplitude of the pulses obtainable therefrom,
  • the magnetic saturation of the core ofa transformer practically limits the amplitude of the output pulses. If the core is initially unbiassed, the maximum possible amplitude of theoutput pulse is substantially determined by the saturation value of the flux of the core. 'When the pulses are unidirectional, the core may be biassed practically to saturation in the negativedirection and then if the input pulse be applied so as to change the flux in the positive direction, the total flux change availablefor the production of the output pulse will now'be twice the saturation flux.
  • the present invention comprises a thermionic valve amplifier for pulses including a transformer from which the output pulses are obtained, and in which the transformer is magnetically biassed by a current derived from an electrode of one of the amplifying valves, so that a biassing flux is produced in opposition to the flux produced by the pulses.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment
  • Fig. 2 shows a hysteresis curve used to explain the operation of the circuit of Fig. 1.
  • a pulse amplifier comprising two valves VI and V2 shown for example as triodes, though any suitable valves having additional eletrocles may also be used.
  • Unidirectional pulses are applied to the valve VI at the terminals IN through a blocking condenser Ci with such polarity as to drive the control grid negative.
  • the anode of V! is coupled to the control grid of V2 through a b1ocking condenser 02 and resistance Bi and the output pulses are obtained from a transformer T with a core of iron or other magnetic material having its primary winding I, 2 connected in series with the cathode of V2, and its output secondary winding 3, t connected to a load represented by the resistance R2.
  • GI and G2 are grid leak resistances for the valves Vi, and V2 respectively, and Al and A2 are appropriate anode series resistances.
  • Cathode bias for the valve Vi is provided by the resistance R3 shunted by the condenser C3 and for the valve V2 by the resistance R4 shunted by the condenser C4.
  • a bias winding .15 (inf the transformer” nowadays is connected in series-with R3 so that it will be traversed by the steady cathode current of the valve Vi.
  • the terminals .of the transformer windings are numbered in such ,a manner that the flux produced by --a currentwwhich flows from an odd numbered terminal to-an vevennumbered terminal is in the same direction for all the windings.
  • FIG. 2 shows a typical hysteresis curve fora transformer'core.
  • the cathode current of valve V2 flowing through the winding .l, .2 will ,be supposed to produce a small magnetic fieldjn the core givenby the lengthpOS.
  • the ,windingt, B being now re-connected, a superposed magnetic fi d in t e opp s t direction is produ ed y the cathode current of VI.
  • This opposing magnetic field is much larger and is represented by SN.
  • the core is thus brought to the condition represented by the point P, the corresponding flux being represented by PN.
  • the actual field change is such as to shift the point N over to M, and the operating point travels along the branch PTQ of the curve, the flux changing from PN to QM.
  • the operating point returns to P over the branch QUP.
  • the positions of the points S and M can be selected by suitably choosing the number of turns of the winding l, 2 and the bias of the valve V2. Then the desired opposing field SN can be obtained by suitably choosing the number of turns of the winding 5, 6.
  • the transformer may be connected in various other ways besides that shown.
  • the bias current may be obtained from the anode circuit of valve VI and/or the winding I, 2 may be connected in the anode circuit of V2; or the bias winding could be energised for some other stage (not shown) of the amplifier, or by a screen grid current, for example.
  • the bias flux produced by the current in the bias winding should be in the opposite direction to the change in fiux produced by the leading edges of the pulses in the primary winding.
  • the points S, M and N can generally be placed anywhere along the magnetic field axis. This permits a wide choice of 'so that the loading of the transformer will be only slightly, increased by the connection to the cathode circuit of Vi. Thus in a particular case of Fig. 1, z-
  • the cathode currents of the valves VI and V2 were 100 milliamperes and 6 milliamperes, respectively, and the turns ratio of the windings I, 2
  • the chief advantage of the; arrangement of the invention is that the magnetic bias is obtained without any extra components and without any additional power supplies.
  • An amplifier for electric pulses comprising two thermionic valves, an output transformer having primary, secondary and biassing windings on a core of magnetic material, means to connect the primary winding to the output of one of the said valves, and means to supply current to an electrode of the other valve through the said biassing winding in such a manner as to generate in the said core a flux in opposition to the fiux produced therein by pulses transmitted through the said transformer.
  • An amplifier for electric pulses comprising input and output thermionic valves connected in tandem, an output transformer having primary, secondary, and biassing windings on a core of magnetic material, means to apply pulses to the control grid of the input valve, means to connect the said primary winding in series with the cathode of the output valve in such manner as to permit amplified pulses to be derived from the said secondary winding, and means to pass the steady cathode current of the input valve through the said biassing winding in such a manner that the fiux produced in the said core produced by pulses transmitted through the transformer is in opposition to the flux produced by the said steady cathode current.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
US572378A 1944-01-15 1945-01-11 Circuits for repeating square shaped wave forms Expired - Lifetime US2452563A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB817/44A GB581011A (en) 1944-01-15 1944-01-15 Improvements in or relating to circuits for repeating square shaped wave forms

Publications (1)

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US2452563A true US2452563A (en) 1948-11-02

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ID=9711006

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US572378A Expired - Lifetime US2452563A (en) 1944-01-15 1945-01-11 Circuits for repeating square shaped wave forms

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US (1) US2452563A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE477331A (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR939280A (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB581011A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2637820A (en) * 1950-03-03 1953-05-05 Collins Radio Co Current integrator
US2698883A (en) * 1951-04-02 1955-01-04 William L Martin High-duty-cycle pulse transformer circuits
US2770686A (en) * 1953-05-12 1956-11-13 Hazeltine Research Inc Pulse-power amplifier
US2775655A (en) * 1951-08-21 1956-12-25 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Amplifier circuit
US2860192A (en) * 1953-05-01 1958-11-11 Frank H Mcintosh Amplifiers

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1808726A (en) * 1928-05-09 1931-06-02 Radio Inventions Inc Audio frequency coupling
US1895111A (en) * 1927-03-30 1933-01-24 Fed Telegraph Co Signaling system
US2417296A (en) * 1941-04-09 1947-03-11 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Low-frequency amplifier circuits

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1895111A (en) * 1927-03-30 1933-01-24 Fed Telegraph Co Signaling system
US1808726A (en) * 1928-05-09 1931-06-02 Radio Inventions Inc Audio frequency coupling
US2417296A (en) * 1941-04-09 1947-03-11 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Low-frequency amplifier circuits

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2637820A (en) * 1950-03-03 1953-05-05 Collins Radio Co Current integrator
US2698883A (en) * 1951-04-02 1955-01-04 William L Martin High-duty-cycle pulse transformer circuits
US2775655A (en) * 1951-08-21 1956-12-25 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Amplifier circuit
US2860192A (en) * 1953-05-01 1958-11-11 Frank H Mcintosh Amplifiers
US2770686A (en) * 1953-05-12 1956-11-13 Hazeltine Research Inc Pulse-power amplifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE477331A (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR939280A (fr) 1948-11-09
GB581011A (en) 1946-09-27

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