US244970A - Mechanical movement - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

I J. S. ADAMS.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

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UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN S. ADAMS, OF ELGIN, ILLINOIS.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters. Patent No. 244,970, dated August 2, 1881.

(No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN S. ADAMS, a citizen of the United States, residin g in Elgin,in the county of Kane and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Gearing and Governing Mechanism for Windmills and other Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in mechanical movements designed to utilizethe power of pumping-windmills for the purpose ofoperatin g other'machinery. These improvements, although designed primarily for use and described in connection with pumpingwindmills, may also be used with other motors for the purpose of converting motion and controlling speed. a

The objects of my invention are, first, to provide improved means for converting reciprocating into intermittent rotary motion; second, to provide means by which a comparatively high rate of speed may be communicated to the rotary shaft; third, to provide means by which the intermittent rotary action of the shaft may be caused to communicate to other mechanism a continuous rotary motion; fourth, to provide an independently-journaled anti-friction guide for the reciprocating rack; fifth, to provide an improved construction and arrangement of the hangers and the frame in which the converting mechanism is journaled; sixth, to adapt a centrifugal governor to operate in combination with a mechanism for converting motion for the purpose of control ling the speed of the windmill or other motor from which the reciprocating action of the pitlnan or connecting-rod is communicated. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in whicht Figure 1 is a perspective of mechanism embodying my invention; Fig. 2, a longitudinal horizontal section on the line -2 z of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of the entire machine; Fig. 4, a transverse vertical section through the pitrnan, the reciprocating rack, and pinions on the line 00 as of Figs. 2 and 3, and Fig. 5 a transverse vertical section through the ratchet-wheels and small pinion on the line y y, Figs. 2 and 3.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The bearing-frame A and the hangersB B, secured to the timbers O C, constitute the frame-work of the machine.

Formed upon the bearing-frame A are cylindrical projections or bosses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, within'which are the bearings of the main shaft D and of the counter-shaftsD D (See Fig. 2.) The head of hanger B is provided with a cylindrical opening through which boss 1 extends, and is secured therein by means of a set-screw, a, or other suitable fastening. Hanger B is provided with two heads through which extend bosses 4: and 5, which bosses are rigidly secured therein by set-screws or other suitable means, as'is boss 1 at a. By thus securing the bearing-frame to the hangers at three points I provide a frame-work that is rigid, compact, convenient, and economical.

F represents a double rack,which meshes with the pinions G G, and is reciprocated by means of the pitman or connecting rod E actuated by the wind-wheel or other motor. Rack F is provided with an elongated central slot or opening, within which is fitted a flanged rotary guide, F, journaled upon a sleeve or bushing, F which insures the proper depthing of the teeth of the rack and the pinions G G, and also prevents lateral displacement of the rack.. Guide F is preferably formed of two parts, as shown in Fig. 3, bolted together so that the two flanges will overlap the sides of and form the guides for the rack.

For the purpose of relieving the main shaft from all friction and-pressure resulting from the reciprocating action of the rack and the pinions, the bore of the sleeve or bushing F is chambered or enlarged the entire length of the bearing of the guide F, so that the lateral pressure upon the. guide cannot be communicated to the main shaft; or, in other words, the bore of the bushing F is made large where it passes through the rotary flanged guide F, so that it cannot come in contact with and cause friction on the main shaft by reason of any lateral movement of said guide against the bushing. The sleeve or bushing F extends through bearing-frame A, within which it is rigidly secured by a set-screw, a, and forms a bearing for the main shaft D, which shaft has also a bearing in the bushing F properly secured within boss 1.

The pinions G G are loose upon their shaft,

and are oscillating in operation by reason of the reciprocations of the connecting-rod E, from which power is communicated, and are provided with vertical flanges g g, to which are pivoted pawls h h.

Adjacent the pinions G G, and rigidly secured upon the counter-shafts D D by setscrews (1 (1, respectively, are gear-wheels I I, meshing with a pinion, It, rigid upon the main shaft. The flanges of the gear-wheels I l are provided with an internal ratchet, as shown in Fig. 5, with which the pawls h It are adapted to alternately engage and rotate said gearwheels, the pinion 7;, and the main shaft. Pawls It h are automatically operated by links '5 t", connected at one end with a pin upon the pawl and at the other end encircling the hubs of the gear-wheels so as to be frictiontight upon said hubs.

The effect of using a friction-link as above described is to cause the alternate releasing of the pawl from the ratchet-teeth, and hence remove the objectionable noise from the clicking of the pawl upon the teeth of the ratchet during its backward movement. So faras the automatic operation of the pawl is concerned, it may be acquired by the use of an ordinary spring secured upon the flange of the pinion below and engaging with the pawl without departing from the spirit of my invention.

For the purpose of giving to the main shaft a rate of speed suitable for operating machinery, Ihave proportioned this train of gearing, consisting of the reciprocating double rack, the oscillatingpinions, the ratchet-wheels, and the small pinion, so as to give to the main shaft at least three revolutions to one revolution of the wind-wheel, from which the power is transmitted through the connecting-rod.

For the purpose of disconnecting a portion of this mechanism when it is desirable to use the windmill for pumping only, the small pinion 7; may be moved out of gear with the ratchet-wheels by loosening its set-screws or other fastening and moving it longitudinally upon the main shaft.

From the foregoing description of the construction and operation of this mechanism it will be seen that when the pitman is actuated bythe crank of a windmill the ratchet-wheels, the small pinion, and the main shaft will have an intermittent rotary motion, that during the first half of each stroke of the pitman the mechanism will move with an accelerating speed, that during the last half of each stroke the speed will diminish, and that at the termination of each stroke of the pitman the mechanism will have a point or period of rest. It is obvious that this variable and intermittent rotary motion is not suitable for operating machinery, and that it is desirable to adopt some means by which it may be converted into a or the momentum of the machinery driven thereby will produce a continuous rotary motion, and that it is common to use this force for that purpose; but I find that dependence upon this force alone for that purpose is.attended with serious danger of injury to the mechanism or to the windmill, or both, because of the concentration of the power of the windmill upon the mechanism at a point near the center of each stroke of the pitman, and the consequent severe strains upon the windmill, the pitman, and the converting mechanism. For the purpose of reducing the intensity of these strains and of enabling the windmill to exert its power upon the mechanism during a much larger portion of each stroke of the pitman, I have provided an elastic medium connecting the main shaft and the balancewheel, which medium in this case consists of the spiral spring L, one end of which is secured to the collar M, rigidly fastened to the main shaft, and the other end secured to the hub of the balance-wheel N, which wheel is fitted loosely upon the main shaft, thus permitting the shaft to revolve faster or slower than the ba-lance-wheel,in accordance with the movement of the pitman at different points of the crank-motion of the windmill. The coiled spring L, thus connecting the main shaft and the balance-wheel or other driven mechanism, acts as a reservoir or an equalizer of power and motion, receiving more rapidly than itimparts during the central or rapid portions of the stroke of the pitman, and imparting more rapidly than it receives near the ends of the stroke, thus giving to the balance-wheel or other driven mechanism an elastic, continuous, and nearly uniform rotary motion without excessive strain upon the converting mechanism at any point of its action.

In the use of this mechanism for driving machinery requiring uniformity of speed, it becomes necessary to employ some means to prevent the too rapid motion of the windmill during heavy winds, and as many of the windmills with which this mechanism may be used are provided with a governing mechanism that is very imperfect in its action, I have found it necessary to provide a centrifugal governor adapted to operate with this mechanism and to control the action of the windmill through the instrumentality of the rope, chain, or rod used for stopping or controlling manually its action. This governor is attached to the 0011- verting mechanism by means of the sleeved bracket N, attached to boss 1 of the bearingframe A, and is operated by means of the bevel-gears O 0, attached severally to the main shaft of the mechanism and the vertical shaft P of the governor. The pinion O has bracket.

IIO

per plate of a clutch, which will presently be described.

Upon the lower end of the vertical shaft is a rigid collar, 1', supporting a coiled spring, R, the upper end of which is secured to a bracket, S, sleeved upon the vertical shaft. The bracket S is supported upon a collar, s,rigid upon the vertical shaft, and has pivoted at the inner ends of its arms forked levers s s, the lower arms of which are curved inwardly and carrying the rods s s of the governor-balls T T. The upper arms of the levers are adapted to engage with rods .9 s to lift and operate the lower plate, 25, of a friction-clutch, T, which plate carries perforated lugs, in which such rods are vertically adjustable by an ordinary setscrew passing through the lugs and pinching the rods. The lower plate, 25, of the frictionclutch is provided with vertical inner and outer flanges or rims, 25 t respectively, the latter of which rims has its inner face beveled to correspond with an inner rim on the upper plate. The upper arms of the forked levers are adapted to engagewith rods s s? to lift and operate the'lower plate, t, of the friction'clutch, which plate carries perforated lugs in its periphery, in which such rods are vertically adjusted by ordinary set-screws passing through the lugs and pinching the rods.

The lower plate, t, of the friction-clutch is provided with a vertical inner rim, t, and a beveled or inclined outer rim, t forming an annular chamber adapted to receive a corresponding inner rim, u, of the upper plate, U, of the clutch, so that when said plates are forced together they will by friction bind upon each. other and the upper plate be caused to revolve with the lower plate. Plate U is also provided with an outerrim overlapping that of the lower plate and preventing access of foreign substance between said plates. The pinion 1), before described, upon the plate U engages with a horizontally revolving gearwheel, T pivoted to the bracket-arm N, and having a hub, tflforming a drum, upon which is armed a cord passing under apulley,V, and

through a guide-eye, v, and connecting the governor with the governing mechanism of the windmill or other motor.

From the above-described construction and connection of the ball-governor with the main shaft, and consequently with the connectingrod and also with the governing mechanism of the windmill or other motor, it will be understood that when the wind-wheel and connecting-rod have attained beyond a desired maximum velocity, centrifugal force, acting upon the governor-balls, will throw them outwardly, and in doing so will cause the upper arms of the forked lever to come in contact with and move the rod of the lower frictionplate of the clutch upwardly, and cause it to bind upon and revolve the upper plate.

soon as the upper plate begins to revolve the same motion is imparted to the drum-pinion, and consequently the cord is wound upon the drum, which has the effect of operating the governing mechanism of the wind mill or other motor to decrease its velocity or power. .When the upper plate begins to revolve the screwthreaded pinion causes the plate to rise until the velocity of the ball-governor is maintained at a given rate or begins to decrease, when the weight of the balls, the lower plate, and the mechanism it supports cause the lower plate to sink, and consequently be released, but not instantly; for the reason that there is more or less friction between the plates until entirely separated.

By having the clutchgradually released from contact the sudden unwinding of the cord from the drum is prevented, the decrease in velocity of the governor-balls is made more uniform, and hence there are no violent, injurious movements of the windmill-governing mechanism, the wind-wheel, or of the mechanism for converting its motion. This equalizing function is also augmented by the springconnectin g the bracket carrying governor-balls with the vertical and main shaft, which spring also serves to prevent a jerking of the balls, and consequently straining the shaft and their connecting mechanism, when said balls are subjected to a sudden and violent power tending to increase the velocity, for the coiled spring will take up a portion of this power and gradually but not suddenly impart it to the governorballs in the same manner as the spring connecting the main shaft and the balance-wheel. Furthermore, the immediate sensitive effect of the ball-governor upon the windmill-governin g mechanism is dependent upon the length of cord necessary to be taken up by the drum to cause a given action of the'governin g mechanism to resist or counteract a power tending to operate the windmill or other motor beyond a desired maximum velocity.

By having the screw-threaded pinion upon the corresponding screw-threaded-bushing for connecting the clutch with the drum I am enabled by increasing or diminishing the pitch of the screw-threads to determine the necessary number of revolutions of the upper plate of the clutch to cause the desired length of cord to be taken up by the drum.

Settingthe rods 8 8 up or downin the clutchplate F enables the adjustment of thislength of the rods relative to levers s carrying the governor-balls, and hence determine the velocity which the balls may attain'before the levers What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. In a mechanical movement, the combination, with a reciprocatin g connecting rod, a rea pinion upon said volving shaft, and intermediate meehanism,of a ball-governor cJnneeting said rod and shaft with and controll ngthegoverning mechanism of a windmill or their motor.

2. The combination, with the connccting rod, the rack upon said red, the oseillat ng pinic ns, and the pawls piv ted upon said pinions, ofthe revolving gear-w reels engagi lg n ith and revolved by said pa vls, the revo ring shaft, and

shaft engaging vith the revolving gear-wheels, snbstanti. lly as described and shown.

3. The combina ion,with the oscillating inions, the revolving gear-wheels having an internal ratchet, anl the pawls pivt ted to the ith the revolviu g verreciprocating clutch, g said clutch with the pinions and engaging with the gem-wheels, of a friction-link adapted to diseligage the pawl from the internal ratchet, as and for the p trpose set forth.

4-. Thecombination, with the connecting-rod and with the rack, ofa rotary flanged guide sleeved upon the hearing of he] Jail shaft and adapted to present a lateral oscillation of the melt.

5. The combination, with the cannectil the slotted rack, 11 nd theilanged g lldC an and operating in said rack, of the rev g-rod an ged ol vi n g seated bracket carrying said balls.

13. The combination, with the vertical shaft, the revolving reciprocating clutch, the drum carrying the cord connecting said clutch with the governingmechanism ofa windmill or other motor, of a bushing supporting and forminga bearing for the vertical shaft, and provided with a screw-thread adapted to support and operate the clutch, substantiallyas and for the purpose described. 7 i

14. The combination, with the connectingrod and a slotted double rack upon said rod,

main shaft carrying said guide.

6. The combinatiomwith thec the slotted rack, the flanged g1 ide, a id the main shaft, of a bushing c rryii 1 the tnged guide and having its bore enlargcl, as and for the purpose described.

7. In a mechanical movement tion, with the main shaft a 1d a l loose upon said shalt, ofa sprii said wheel and shaft, substantially as to the purpose described.

meati ig-rod,

the binaalai -vheel g connecting d for 8. The combination, with the intermittentlyrevolving gear-wheels and the main shaft, of a balance-wheel anda spring connecting said wheel with the main shaft.

9. The combination, with the connecting-rod, the double rack, the oscillating pinions, the gear-wheels, the mam shaft, and mechanism connecting said pinions, gear wheels, and shaft, of a spring-seated balance, or belt wheel sleeved upon the main shaft.

10. In a mechanical movement, the combination, with a main shaft, a vertical shaft, the governing-balls, and a friction clutch revolving and reciprocating upon the vertical shaft, of mechanism connecting said clutch and governing-balls with and adapted to cause the of the oscillatingpinions journaled upon counter-shafts and operated by said rack, the revolving gearwheel intermittently actuated by clutch or ratchet mechanism connecting said gear-wheel and oscillating pinions, the central main shaft passing through the slotted rack, and the pinion upon the main shaft meshing with the gear-Wheels, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

15. In a mechanical movement, the combinatiomwi th a bearing-frame, of a sin gle-headed hanger and a double-headed hanger secured to said bearing-frame, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

16. In a mechanical movement, the combination, with a single-headed hanger and a double-headed hanger, of a bearing-frame provided with projections sleeved within the heads of said hangers, and secured thereto by set-screws or othersuitable means, for the purpose specified.

Signed this 25th day of March, A. D. 1881.

JOHN S. ADAMS.

Witnesses:

JNo. G. ELLIOTT, WILL. (J. WHITING.

substantially as dc-

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