US2448830A - Record sensing and comparing means - Google Patents

Record sensing and comparing means Download PDF

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Publication number
US2448830A
US2448830A US741644A US74164447A US2448830A US 2448830 A US2448830 A US 2448830A US 741644 A US741644 A US 741644A US 74164447 A US74164447 A US 74164447A US 2448830 A US2448830 A US 2448830A
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United States
Prior art keywords
light
card
contacts
records
sensing
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Expired - Lifetime
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US741644A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph J Robbins
Robert T Blakely
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Priority to BE480261D priority Critical patent/BE480261A/xx
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US741644A priority patent/US2448830A/en
Priority to GB9867/48A priority patent/GB680892A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2448830A publication Critical patent/US2448830A/en
Priority to DEI2200A priority patent/DE974863C/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C3/00—Sorting according to destination
    • B07C3/10—Apparatus characterised by the means used for detection ofthe destination
    • B07C3/14—Apparatus characterised by the means used for detection ofthe destination using light-responsive detecting means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/01—Details
    • G06K7/015—Aligning or centering of the sensing device with respect to the record carrier

Definitions

  • ROBBINS ETAL RECORD SENSING AND COMPARING MEANS 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 15, 1947 5V: ma 8 K 2 0 n mil m HT a Mg CJ 0 B A w w w Y B 0 OJ 5 A Z w 1 c 0 u 5 ⁇ Z IUNc I i P 1943- J. J. ROBBINS ET AL 2,448,830
  • This invention relates to record controlled machines and particularly to sensing and comparing means for data designated on the records.
  • Comparison of data on records serves various functions in record controlled machines. For instance, in tabulators the comparison of group designating data on records controls interruption of record feed and initiation of total-taking. In collators, comparison of data controls sorting of the records. Heretofore, a separate sensing assembly was used for each record to enter into the comparison. Comparison of data on a plurality of records was accomplished by coordinating connections between the separate sensing assemblies. In electrically operated record-controlled machines, such coordinating connections took the form of circuits with relays controlled by the separate sensing assemblies.
  • the present invention is directed to and has for its general object the simplification of the sensing and comparing means through the provision of a single sensing assembly or unit for the plurality of records to be compared, with such single sensing unit also serving in itself as comparing means.
  • the invention is directed to and has as an object the provision of a single sensing unit of the optical type to sense and compare data on a plurality of record cards.
  • the single sensing unit for a plurality of record cards provides a single ray of light which directly and by reflection scans the plurality of record cards concurrently for data.
  • a single photocell sufilces to respond to the light scanning such columns concurrently. Agreement or disagreement of data in the corresponding columns is manitested by the selective energization of the photocell,
  • the single sensing unit not only incorporates provisions for scanning corresponding columns of a plurality of record cards concurrently for data but also incorporates comparison means for such data.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a single sensing and comparing unit for a plurality of records to function for sensing and comparin data represented on the records according to a single-point or combinational-point code.
  • Data are represented in columns of a record by selectively perforating index positions thereof according to a chosen code.
  • Numerals are usuually represented in the single-point code, by selectively perforating so-called 0, 1,2, 9 index positions of a column.
  • Alphabetic data are usually represented in the combinational-point code, by selective combinations of perforations in la dex positions 1, 2, 9 and index positions 0, 11, and 12.
  • the circuits are arranged for the sensing and comparing of single-point codally represented data on the records.
  • records to be sensed and compared will be fed to spaced sensing stations.
  • a single sensing and comparing unit including a photo-sensitive element and an optical system will sense and compare the data on the records at the spaced stations.
  • the optical system which includes projecting and refleeting elements will direct a single ray of light successively upon corresponding index positions of the records at the spaced stations. The ray of light will be directed through perforations in the corresponding index positions upon the photosensitive element, activating it as a manifestation of data agreement. If any of the corresponding index positionsis blank. it will divert the light ray from the photo-sensitive element, so it will remain unactivated upon a disagreement of data.
  • the records of the same run all will bear single-point or numerical data to be sensed and compared.
  • the invention also provides an alternately effective optical system for activating a photo-sensitive element only upon the sensing of a disagreement of data.
  • This form of the. invention is applicable to the sensing and comparison oi both single and combinational-point codal data and records bearing either type of data may be included in the same run. When this form of the invention is used, the index points of the record columns to be sensed and compared should.
  • the surfaces of the records should be white and glossy since these surfaces themselves will serve as light reflecting means.
  • the records may take the form of individual cards or of sections of a tape or film. Since a perforation in a record is a light-pervious poini, it may be referred to assuch in the specification and claims. Obviously, in place of perforations.
  • Fig. 1 is a partly diagrammatic section through the card handling portion of the machine, showing the sensing and the comparing means which is the subject matter of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a fragment of a record card.
  • Fig. 3 is a timing chart of pertinent contacts.
  • Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram.
  • Figs. 5 to 8 are diagrammatic views pertaining to different conditions of agreement and disagreement of data on a pair of record cards.
  • the cards to be operated on are stacked in hopper 3
  • a conventional picker feeds one card each card cycle out of the hopper. Successive pairs of feed rolls 33 and 34 then advance the card during successive card cycles to the delivery hopper 32.
  • the picker and feed rolls are driven only during card cycles through a one-revolution clutch (not shown) which is engaged by energization of a. clutch magnet 28 (Fig. 4) and disengaged by deenergization of the magnet.
  • the picker 35 feeds the bottom card out of hopper 3i to the first set of feed rolls 33 and 34.
  • the card By the end of the cycle, the card is advanced to a position in which its leading edge just reaches a first sensing station, defined hereby the neck or constricted portion of an aperture A.
  • the card is fed across the aperture A to a, position in which its leading edge just reaches a second sensing station, defined hereby the neck of an aperture B. Meanwhile the following card is advanced to aperture A.
  • the leading card is fed across aperture B and delivered to hopper 32 while the following card is fed across the aperture A.
  • the cards are fed in synchronism so that as the index positions 9 to 0, 11 and 12 of the leading card successively traverse the aperture B, the same index positions of the trailing card traverse the aperture A, with corresponding positions concurrently crossing the respective apertures.
  • card feed and initiation of total taking are controlled by comparison of group data on the record cards.
  • the sensing and comparing means detects the disagreement of group data and brings auto-control means into operation for interrupting card feed and initiating total-taking.
  • One or more card columns may be assigned to the group designating function.
  • the sensing and comparing means includes a single light ray projector L which throws a concentrated band of parallel rays of light upon the constricted center of aperture B. Assuming no cards are present at apertures A and B, then, as indicated in Fig. 1, the light band passes to a mirror M which reflects the light to a mirror Mi. Mirror Ml re-directs the light through aperture A.
  • the thin rectangle of light projected upon the neck 01 aperture B has a width; i. e., dimension across the machine, suflicient to scan all the card columns and a length; i. e., dimension in the direction of card feed, equal to or slightly less than the length of a perforation in an index position of the card.
  • the apertures A and B each have a width substantially equal to that of the light beam and a length slightly less than that of an index position of the card.
  • the width of the reflecting surfaces oi mirrors M and Ml is at least equal to that of the aperture.
  • Two other sets of mirrors, MN and MK are provided. Each of mirrors MN and MK has a reflecting surface equal to or slightly less in width than the transverse dimension of a data designating perforation.
  • mirror MN and MK there is one mirror MN and one mirror MK for each pair of corresponding card columns of the pair of records to be sensed and compared for group data.
  • a suitable arrangement 01 mirrors MN and MK is indicated in Fig. 1.
  • the mirrors MKa and MNa are positioned respectively to receive a light ray reflected from a column of the card at station A or passing through a perioration in this card column and to re-direct the light tophotocell Ka or Na, respectively.
  • a light ray passing through a, perforation in the adjacent card column or reflectedirom a blank index position of this column will go directly to photocell Nb 0r Kb, respectively.
  • the optical system further includes a pair of mirrors M2 and M3, each of the same eil'ective width as mirror M or Ml. For a reason explained later, mirror M2 is hinged so that it may be swung into operative position against a stop I0 or into inactive position against a stop H.
  • Case 1-A perforation in the card traversing the second sensing station is crossing aperture B while a like data perforation is traversing aperture A, a condition denoted in Fig. 5.
  • the perforation at aperture B passes a ray of light from projector L to mirror M which reflects it to morror Mi, in turn directing the light ray through the perforation at aperture A to the mirror MNa.
  • the mirror MNa directs the light ray to photocell Na.
  • energization of a photocell N is a manifestation of agreement of data designating points in corresponding columns of the leading and trailing cards.
  • Case 2A perforation in the leading card is crossing aperture B while the trailing card does not have a corresponding perforation at aperture A, a condition denoted in Fig. 6.
  • the ray of light passed by the perforation at aperture B to mirror M is reflected to mirror Mi from which it is refiected to the aperture A.
  • the unperforated index position at the aperture A reflects the light, in
  • Case 3A perforation in the trailing card is crossing aperture A but there is no corresponding perforation-in the leading card, a case denoted in Fig. '7.
  • a light ray from projector L is reflected, as from a mirror, by the unperforated index-positlon at aperture B, to mirror M2.
  • Mirror M2 reflects the light my tomirror Ml which directs the light through the card perforation at aperture A to'the mirror MKa which, in turn, reflects the light to photocell Ka.
  • sition-at aperture A reflects the light ray to mir-T ror MNa which directs the light-upon photo cell Na.
  • a photocell N is energlzed and the corresponding photocell K is not energized, as a result of agreement of perforations or of blank index positions in the leading and trailing cards.
  • photocellv K is energized while photocell N is not energized, as a result of disagreement of designations in the leading and trailing cards.
  • sensing and comparing means will be given in the description of the circuits shown in Fig. 4. These circuits have eleinents common to circuits shown in the aforementioned patent but thecircuits here are revised to flt the requirements of the present sensing and comparing means and to omit elements unnecessary to an understanding of the present invention.
  • a start keyto close start key contacts 240 establishing a circuit from line Isl through auto-control relay contacts Pl, the start key contacts 240 and total cycle cam contacts T8, through card teed clutch magnet 28 and a relay Q, in parallel with magnet 2
  • the first card feed cycle follows. During this cycle, the first card is fed to the aperture A, meanwhile closing card lever contacts 4
  • Coil F also closes contacts F2 which establish a shunt circuit around start key contacts 240, as follows: Line .i 9 l, normally-closed contacts Pi, now-closed contacts F2, stop key contacts 2"] and nowclosed contacts Ql, thence through magnet 28 and coil Q, in parallel, to line I92.
  • the first card traverses the first sensing station. Near the end of this cycle, card lever contacts 42 are closed to complete the circuit of relay N.
  • Contacts Ni close and together with cam contacts CF! which close during the period between cards when card lever contacts 42 open, provide a stick circuit for coil N.
  • Coil N also closes contacts N2 which are in parallel with contacts F2 to provide an additional stick circuit for clutch magnet 28 and coil Q.
  • the last card traverses the second open during a total-taking cycle to and of coil Q'breaks. Card feed operation will then be stopped at the end of the cycle.
  • photocells K and N relating to a'single pair of corresponding card columns are both connected at one-side to an amplifier AMP; If photocell K is to be utilized, then the opposite side of-tli-ls photocell is connected via a switch 8 to the ainplifier, but if photocell N-is to be utilized, the switch 3 is reversed to connect the opposite side or the photocellN to the amplifier.
  • the switch 3 is reversed to connect the opposite side or the photocellN to the amplifier.
  • Coil P being energized, closes contacts P2 to complete a stick circuit for the coil from line I9I via cam contacts TII, relay contacts P2 and coil P to line I92.
  • the cam contacts TII will open, in the ensuing total cycle,.to drop relay P.
  • Coil P being energized, opens contacts PI, breaking the circuit of clutch magnet 28 and relay Q. With magnet 28 deenergized,'the card feed clutch (not shown) will be disengaged at the end of the cycle in which the disagreement of group designations occurred. A total taking cycle may then be initiated in the manner described in the aforementioned patent.
  • the application of the invention to the sensing and comparing of numerical group data only on a run of records has been explained.
  • the application of the. invention to the sensing and comparing of alphabetic data only will next be described.
  • photocells N are again switched into circuit with their amplifiers.
  • the alphabetic code considered here as an example is the twohole code (see Fig. 2) wherein a perforation in one of index positions 1 to 9 and a perforation in one of index positions 0, 11, and 12 combine to designate a character. Agreement of such alphabetic data will be manifested by repeat activations of the photocells N during a record cycle.- -The first activation will pick up a relay U. The second activation will pick up a companion relay UN.
  • the plugging for this case is as follows: From outlet socket 55I of amplifier I to socket I55 which 8 leads to one side of relay IU and also is wired to one side of companion relay IUN; from outlet socket B" of amplifier I to a socket 514 which connects to one of the brushes S" of a distributor CD2. The other brush of the distributor is wired to a plug socket 516 which, for this case, is plugged to socket I". Socket 814 also is connected via a distributor EMI to the coil p of relay IUN.
  • the distributors CD2 and EMI are similar to the like designated elements disclosed in the aforementioned Patent 2,364,188. Distributors CD2 make at the 9, 8, 7 1 times of a cycle.
  • the arrangement described above enables the amplifier I, upon activation of photocell No, to pick up relay IU at the 9, 8 1 cyclic times and to pick up relay IUN at the 0, 11 or 12 cyclic time.
  • a similar arrangement, including plugging and distributors, associates amplifier 2 with relays 2U and 2UN.
  • the remaining plugging for the case under discussion is from a socket I" to a socket 518, from a socket 518 to a socket I", from a socket III to a socket 522, and finally from a socket mx to a socket I")! which is wired via relay contacts "lie to the cam contacts CFII.
  • the mirror M2 (Fig. 1) is set in its inactive position.
  • Ampllflers I and 2 thereupon act via distributors EM] to pick up relays IUN and 2UN which are held via their contacts a and cam contacts CFI until 15" of the cycle. Relays IUN and 2UN close their respective contacts IUNc and 2UNc.
  • Relay 590 opens its contacts 590a to prevent auto-control relay P from being energized when cam contacts CFI 3 close. If there has been a disagreement in alphabetic group designations, at least one of the contacts IUc, 2Uc, IUNc and 2UNc will not be in closed status. Relay 580 will not be energized and contacts 590a will remain closed to allow coil P to be energized. As in the preceding case, energization of coil P causes the card feed to be interrupted.
  • the invention provides for the sensing and comparing of alphabetic and numeric group data on the same run of cards.
  • the photocells K are utilized.
  • the plugging is from sockets 550 and I to sockets I54 and I, respectively.
  • the sockets I51 are plugged to sockets Ill. Further plugging is from sockets 585 to socket 561.
  • the mirror M2 (Fig. 1) is set in active position.
  • a photocell K will be actlvated only if a pair of corresponding columns of cards traversing the first and second sensing station do not present perforations concurrently at apertures A and B. Whenever such disagreement occurs in any of the index positions 9 to 0, 11 and 12, photocell K is activated.
  • the connected amplifier then will apply energizing potential to the coil p of a relay U.
  • the coil )1. of the relay U will then be energized.
  • the relay U will shift its contacts b, closing the upper side of these contacts.
  • coil P will be energized by a circuit such as previously traced except that the circuit this time extends through the upper, now-closed side of the relay contacts I) and through a plugwire (not shown) between socket 565 and socket 561.
  • a single sensing and comparing unit for the records at the spaced stations, said unit including an optical system of light projecting and reflecting elements to direct a single ray of light successively upon corresponding index positions of the records at the spaced stations to pass through any of the latter index positions which bears a light-pervious point or to be deflected by any blank one of these index points, so that the op tical system in conjunction with the records at the spaced stations directs the ray of light into selective paths depending on agreeing or disagreeing relation of said corresponding index positions with respect to data designating lightpervious points, said unit further including a photo-sensitive element in one of said paths to be activated by the ray of light as a manifestation of one of asid relations, and a machine-controlling circuit selectively
  • a single sensing and comparing unit for the pair of records at the spaced stations, said unit including an optical system with means for directing a ray of light upon an index position of the record at one of said stations and through said index position if it bears a light-pervious point, said optical system including reflecting means to intercept the light my passed through said index position and to redirect the light ray upon the corresponding index position of the record at the other sensing station and through the latter index position if it bears a light-pervious point, said unit further including a photo-sensitive element to receive and be activated by the light ray after passing through the corresponding index positions of the pair of records,and a machine-controlling circuit selectively governed by the photo-sensitive element according to whether or not it has been activated and, hence, according to whether or not
  • a single sensing and comparing unit for the records at the pair of spaced stations, said unit including an optical system of light-projecting and reflecting parts arranged for directing a single ray of light successively upon corresponding index positions of the records at the spaced stations and into one ultimate path if said corresponding index positions both bear light-pervious points and into a diii'erent ultimate path upon deflection of the light ray by either of said index positions lacking a light-pervious point, said unit further including a lightsensitive element in the latter path to be activated by the light ray as a manifestation of disagreement of the data designating lightpervious points in the records at the spaced stations, and a machine-controlling circuit selectively governed by said photo-sensitive element according to whether or not it has been activated.
  • the light-projecting structure including a source of light and means for focusing a light ray from said source upon an index position of one of the records to pass through a light-pervious point in said index position and the reflecting structure including means to intercept the light ray passing through said point and to re-direct th light ray upon the corresponding index position of the other record to be deflected by the latter index position, if lacking a light-pervious point, into the path intercepted b said photo-sensitive element for activating the latter element.
  • the light-projecting structure including a source oi. light and means focusing a ray of light from said source upon an index position of the record at one of said stations to be deflected by said index position, if lacking a light-pervious point, and the reflecting structure including a reflecting element to intercept the light ray deflected by said index point and re-direct it to the corresponding index position of the record at the other station to pass through the latter index position, if bearing a light-pervious point, and into the path intercepted by the light-sensitive element for activating the latter element.
  • a single sensing and comparing unit for the records at the successive stations and including a photo-sensitive element, a source of light, a projecting element for projecting light from said source through a light-pervious point in an index position of the record at one said station, reflecting means for intercepting the light passing through and re-directing the light upon the corresponding index position of the record at the other sensing station and thence, via a lightpervious point in the latter index position, upon said photo-sensitive element, so as to activate the photo-sensitive element upon agreement of group designating points in the corresponding index positions, the light being diverted from the photo-sensitive element by either of said corresponding index positions lacking a light-pervious point, and an autocontrol circuit selectively governed by the photo-sensitive element according to whether or not the photo-sensitive element has been activated.
  • a single sensing and comparing unit for the pair of records respectively traversing the spaced stations.
  • said unit including a photo-sensitive element, a source or light, a projecting element for projecting a ray of iight'irom said source upon one of the stations to scan the index positions of 12 a column of the record successively as the record is fed across the latter station.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
US741644A 1947-04-15 1947-04-15 Record sensing and comparing means Expired - Lifetime US2448830A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE480261D BE480261A (xx) 1947-04-15
US741644A US2448830A (en) 1947-04-15 1947-04-15 Record sensing and comparing means
GB9867/48A GB680892A (en) 1947-04-15 1948-04-08 Improvement in record sensing and comparing means
DEI2200A DE974863C (de) 1947-04-15 1950-09-29 Anordnung zur Abfuehlung und zum Vergleich der Angaben von Aufzeichnungstraegern, insbesondere Lochkarten

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US741644A US2448830A (en) 1947-04-15 1947-04-15 Record sensing and comparing means

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US2448830A true US2448830A (en) 1948-09-07

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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2482242A (en) * 1948-06-09 1949-09-20 Remington Rand Inc Code selector
US2603151A (en) * 1947-11-03 1952-07-15 Ibm Record card sensing and analyzing means
US2605965A (en) * 1950-05-15 1952-08-05 Shepherd Judson O'd Data translator employing displaceable data cards
US2615626A (en) * 1950-05-20 1952-10-28 Ibm Record feeding and analyzing apparatus
US2617483A (en) * 1947-10-08 1952-11-11 Donald C Porter Automatic electronic control mechanism
US2697649A (en) * 1949-04-19 1954-12-21 Ibm Card to film and film to card machine
US2720360A (en) * 1950-03-31 1955-10-11 Ibm Card scanning mechanism
US2730037A (en) * 1951-10-12 1956-01-10 Frederick K Stark Selector mechanism
US2744681A (en) * 1956-05-08 Overdraft detection for crawl carry
US2757865A (en) * 1947-06-26 1956-08-07 Products And Licensing Corp Record identifying method and apparatus
US2762566A (en) * 1952-04-25 1956-09-11 Stern Joshua Code matching systems
US2770186A (en) * 1953-06-04 1956-11-13 James T Ehrhard Plate sensing means in address printing machines
US2807728A (en) * 1950-04-05 1957-09-24 Nat Res Dev Digital data storage systems
US2807703A (en) * 1956-06-14 1957-09-24 Ibm Xerographic image fixing apparatus
US2822980A (en) * 1956-04-06 1958-02-11 Ibm Record perforation analyzing mechanism
US2994740A (en) * 1959-02-11 1961-08-01 Gen Precision Inc Remote card selecting and viewing apparatus
US2994429A (en) * 1955-08-30 1961-08-01 Ibm Electronic searching selector
US3046407A (en) * 1960-07-27 1962-07-24 Burroughs Corp Record reader
US3103007A (en) * 1959-03-23 1963-09-03 Donald G Gumpertz Luminous display device
US3188619A (en) * 1959-09-04 1965-06-08 Sperry Rand Corp Jam detector for card feeding device
US3192389A (en) * 1962-03-01 1965-06-29 Schmermund Alfred Photoelectric feeler alignment device for checking packs of elongated articles
US3219830A (en) * 1959-09-07 1965-11-23 Sharman Godfrey Alan Photosensitive apparatus for reading graduated scales
US3248522A (en) * 1962-02-23 1966-04-26 Gen Electric Information reading system
US3317715A (en) * 1965-06-07 1967-05-02 Walter G Finch Coded card
US3373685A (en) * 1966-01-11 1968-03-19 Friden Inc Control means in mail separating cancelling and stacking machines
US3533657A (en) * 1967-06-29 1970-10-13 Ind Bull General Electric Sa S Reading-selecting device for the optical reading of perforations in or marks on recording media
US3538338A (en) * 1968-06-04 1970-11-03 Control Data Corp Optical code apparatus for sorting applications utilizing unique circuitous light path and setable vanes
US3870865A (en) * 1973-07-05 1975-03-11 Cummins Allison Corp Method and apparatus for optical reading of recorded data
US4150783A (en) * 1977-09-26 1979-04-24 Alyapkin Vladimir D Method for reading information from punched carrier and device for effecting same
US4295040A (en) * 1979-02-01 1981-10-13 Hewlett-Packard Company Detector arrangement for data-card readers
US4296332A (en) * 1979-12-28 1981-10-20 Sperry Corporation Sprocket hole sensing detector for moving translucent paper sheets

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DE1004836B (de) * 1954-03-05 1957-03-21 Fritz Baessler Einrichtung zum Ausrichten von Aufzeichnungstraegern
CN112469004B (zh) * 2019-09-09 2022-07-29 华为技术有限公司 一种基站切换方法及装置

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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2744681A (en) * 1956-05-08 Overdraft detection for crawl carry
US2757865A (en) * 1947-06-26 1956-08-07 Products And Licensing Corp Record identifying method and apparatus
US2617483A (en) * 1947-10-08 1952-11-11 Donald C Porter Automatic electronic control mechanism
US2603151A (en) * 1947-11-03 1952-07-15 Ibm Record card sensing and analyzing means
US2482242A (en) * 1948-06-09 1949-09-20 Remington Rand Inc Code selector
US2697649A (en) * 1949-04-19 1954-12-21 Ibm Card to film and film to card machine
US2720360A (en) * 1950-03-31 1955-10-11 Ibm Card scanning mechanism
US2807728A (en) * 1950-04-05 1957-09-24 Nat Res Dev Digital data storage systems
US2605965A (en) * 1950-05-15 1952-08-05 Shepherd Judson O'd Data translator employing displaceable data cards
US2615626A (en) * 1950-05-20 1952-10-28 Ibm Record feeding and analyzing apparatus
US2730037A (en) * 1951-10-12 1956-01-10 Frederick K Stark Selector mechanism
US2762566A (en) * 1952-04-25 1956-09-11 Stern Joshua Code matching systems
US2770186A (en) * 1953-06-04 1956-11-13 James T Ehrhard Plate sensing means in address printing machines
US2994429A (en) * 1955-08-30 1961-08-01 Ibm Electronic searching selector
US2822980A (en) * 1956-04-06 1958-02-11 Ibm Record perforation analyzing mechanism
US2807703A (en) * 1956-06-14 1957-09-24 Ibm Xerographic image fixing apparatus
US2994740A (en) * 1959-02-11 1961-08-01 Gen Precision Inc Remote card selecting and viewing apparatus
US3103007A (en) * 1959-03-23 1963-09-03 Donald G Gumpertz Luminous display device
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE480261A (xx)
GB680892A (en) 1952-10-15
DE974863C (de) 1961-05-18

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