US2446436A - Beam antenna system - Google Patents

Beam antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2446436A
US2446436A US483555A US48355543A US2446436A US 2446436 A US2446436 A US 2446436A US 483555 A US483555 A US 483555A US 48355543 A US48355543 A US 48355543A US 2446436 A US2446436 A US 2446436A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
arm
dipole
conductor
antenna
reflector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US483555A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles L Rouault
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE479157D priority Critical patent/BE479157A/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US483555A priority patent/US2446436A/en
Priority to GB16310/47A priority patent/GB639469A/en
Priority to FR953890D priority patent/FR953890A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2446436A publication Critical patent/US2446436A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H01Q3/16—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device
    • H01Q3/18—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device wherein the primary active element is movable and the reflecting device is fixed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H01Q3/16—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antenna systems and more particularly to antenna systems adapted for radiating sharply directive beams of radio frequency energy.
  • the radiating system including the reflector is arranged to be oriented both in elevation and in azimuth by suitable mechanical means so that the axis of the paraboloid can be directed at a remote object such as a target and maintained so oriented.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional side elevational view of apparatus embodying the principles of my invention
  • Fig. 2 is 2 an enlarged view of the antenna element and associated reflector element shown in Fig. 1.
  • an antenna system comprising a para-boloid re- 'fiector iii, an antenna member II and a reflector member l2.
  • the antenna member II is of the dipole type including substantially colinear or axially aligned elements It and I l.
  • the dipole is located at or near the focus of the paraboloid reflector and the axis of the reflector Ill passes through the dipole at or near the midpoint thereof.
  • a reflector element 92 it will be understood that the element 12 may be omitted, if desired.
  • the reflector element i2 reflects energy radiated directly outward- 1y from the antenna element H into the paraboloid reflector ll) so that a sharper beam results when the reflector element I2 is used.
  • Means for exciting the antenna element i I.
  • This means comprises a source of signal energy which may be considered to be included in the box indicated by numeral 15, an open transmission line 16 and a concentric transmission line ill, the latter comprising an inner conductor 18, represented by the dotted lines in Fig. 1, and an outer cylindrical conductor or tube is through which the inner conductor extends.
  • the inner conductor extends along the axis of the paraboloid.
  • the source of signal energy or transmitter contained within the box I5 produces pulses of oscillations of high frequency energy and supplies them to the transmission line I6.
  • the pulses are transferred to the concentric transmission line section H through a suitable type of rotating joint, indicated by the numeral '20.
  • the antenna array comprising the elements H and I! also receives echo pulses and supplies them to a suitable pulse receiver which may also be considered to be contained within the box I5.
  • Means is provided for shifting the antenna beam pattern from coincidence with the axis of the reflector and for rotating the antenna assembly so that a rotating beam is projected into space.
  • the dipole is tilted, that is, disposed at an angle of other than with respect to the axis of the para-boloid reflector.
  • This arrangement causes the projected beam to have an angle of a few degrees with respect to the paraboloid axis.
  • the beam shift may be increased further by unbalancing the currents in the antenna elements 83 and Hi. It is well known that in order to have balanced current in the arms or elements of a dipole when those arms or elements are of equal radiated from the transmission line It to the antenna member ll consists only of the concentric transmission line H and the rotating joint 20.
  • the arms or elements 13 and M of the antenna member H may be made of different lengths, as shown in the drawing.
  • su table motor 21 receivingelectrical energy from a suitable source, not showmandcarrled by the base plate Ssiattached to the parabcloid reflector in any suitable manner;
  • the motor is operatively connectedto the outer'conductor: 19 through suitable gears 22 and 23 carried by the shaft of the motor-end the outer conductor-ortube l9 respectively;
  • the rotation producingmeansand the transmission line H are mountedas shown center of the parabcloid reflector.
  • Suitable bearing means 25 is providedgat the small end of thecone. If'desired a bearing may also be provided Wheretransmissionline l! pa sses through the supporting structure. At any rate, the transmission line section-l1 is preferably 1 supported at two points; although some additional support is provided through the inter meshing gears. It will be noted further that theconical member 25 and thebaseplate 36-;serve as a housing for the gears.
  • membenl 4 may be connects
  • Means is provided for passing the longer element i3 through the outer conductor i9 into engagement with the conductor 18 and for securing the element 13 to the outer conductor in such a manner as to lend support to the inner conductor and thereby minimize the effects of centrifugal force on the inner conductor and the reflecting member l2.
  • the means connectin the elements 13 andlthe outer conductor ll] is electrically insulative. In the form of my invention illustrated herein, this purpose is accomplished by providing a stud 39 having a threaded laterally extending portionv 3! adapted to engage the threads of a suitably tapped bore in the end of the arm l3.
  • An insulating member 32 is retained within or adjacent to an opening 31 in the outer member 19 between the stud 35 and end of the arm I3.
  • the edge of the member 32 may be encircled by a metal washer 32a and the ,outeredge of the member or washer 32a may be engaged by a flanged member 33 having inter nal threads engaging suitable threads in the outer.
  • the inner. end of the stud so is securely fastened to the inner conduc tor it as bylmeans of a suitably threadediastene ing member a l .passing through a suitableopen ing-in the conductor it into suitable threaded engagementwith the bore in the stud as.
  • Thearmi3 is shown bent at the inner end thereof in order to approach the inner conductor at right angles thereto for convenience of assembly. Withlthis arrangement, the stud maybe fastened in posi-' tion, the insulative washer applied over, the-' threaded endfil of the stud and the flanged member 33 fastened in place. The arm I3 may thenbe screwed onto the lateral portion 3! of the. stud.
  • Therefiector-member 12 may be securedrto the" end of the inner conductor IS in any-suitable:
  • the mechanical details of the system described above provide-an arrangementeasy of assembly or disassembly.
  • the outer end. of theouter conductor 19 is out 01f at a substantial angle to its axis (greater than the angle of the dipole to the axis of conductor I9) and the dipole arm-I l is connected-to conductor l9 adiacent the shorter portion or-side thereof.
  • the opening 31 through which the arm it passes is in theJongenportion or side of conductor l9 and is in approximate alignment with the axis of arm itltsoathat arm 13 may engage inner conductor I 8 insubstantial alignment With arm M.
  • anantenna assembly comprising a dipole having a pair of substantially axially aligned arms and a coaxial transmission line having inner and outer concentrically disposed conductors for energizing said dipole, one of said arms being secured The to the outer conductor of said line at the end thereof, means for securing the other of said arms to the inner conductor of said line near said end, means for rotating said transmission line at high speed, and supporting means for securing said other arm in fixed position with respect to said outer conductor, thereby to support said inner conductor in substantially coaxial alignment with said outer conductor against the effects of centrifugal force during said rotation at high speed.
  • an antenna assembly comprising a dipole having a pair of substantially axially aligned arms and a coaxial transmission line having inner and outer concentrically arranged conductors for energizing said dipole, one of said arms being secured to the outer conductor of said line at the end thereof, means for securing the other of said arms to the inner conductor of said line near said end, means for rotating said transmission line at high speed, and an insulating member secured to said outer conductor, said other arm also being secured to said insulating member, said other arm being upported fixedly with respect to said outer conductor through said insulating member, whereby said inner conductor is maintained in substantially coaxial alignment .with said outer conductor against the efiect-s of centrifugal force during said rotation at high speed.
  • an antenna assembly comprising a dipole having a pair of substantially axially aligned arms and a coaxial transmission line having inner and outer concentrically disposed conductors for energizing said dipole means for rotating said transmission line at high speed, one of said arms being secured to the outer conductor of said line at the end thereof, said outer conductor having .an opening therethrough and near the end thereof, and an insulating member secured at said opening, said insulating member having an opening therethrough which is smaller than the opening in said outer conductor and substantially coaxial therewith, a portion of said other arm passing through said opening in said insulating member and being secured to said inner conductor, said other arm also being secured to said insulating member and supported fixedly with respect to said outer conductor through said insulating member, whereby said inner conductor is maintained in coaxial alignment with respect to said outer conductor against the effects f centrifugal .force during said rotation at high speed.
  • an antenna system comprising a dipole having a pair of substantially colinear arm and a coaxial transmission line having inner and outer concentrically disposed conductors for energizing said dipole means for rotating said transmission line at high speed, one arm of said dipole being fastened to the outer of said conductors .at the end thereof, said outer conductor having an opening therethrough diametrically opposite said one arm and in approximate alignment therewith, the other arm of said dipole having a portion extending through said opening into electrical connection with the inner .of said conductors, and insulating means arranged to locate positively said other arm and said outer conductor whereby said conductors are also located positively with respect to each other and relative motion therebetween, due to the efiec'ts of centrifugal force is minimized during said rotation at high speed.
  • an antenna system comprising a dipole having a pair of substantially colinear arms and a coaxial transmission line having inner and outer concentrically disposed conductors for energizing said dipole, an end of said outer conductor being cut off at .a substantial angle to the axis thereof, one arm of said dipole being fastened to said outer conductor adjacent the shorter side thereof and at an angle to the axis of said conductors, the last mentioned angle being substantially less than the angle at which said outer conductor is out, said outer member having an opening therethrough in substantial alignment with the axis of said one arm, the other arm of said dipole having a portion extending through said opening into electrical engagement with said inner conductor and in substantial axial alignment with said one arm, fastening means for securing said other arm to said inner conductor in substantial alignment with said one arm and beyond the shorter side of said outer conductor whereby said fastening means is always accessible without disassembly of said system.
  • an antenna system comprising a dipole having a pair of substantially colinear arms and a coaxial transmission line having inner and outer concentrically disposed conductors for energizing said dipole, an end of said outer conductor being cut .off at .a substantial angle to the axis thereof, one arm of said dipole being fastened to said outer conductor adjacent the shorter side thereof and at an angle to the axis of said conductors, the last mentioned angle being substantially less than the angle at which said outer conductor is cut, said outer member having an opening therethrough in substantial alignment with the axis of said one arm, the other arm of said dipole having a portion extending through said opening into electrical engagement with said inner conductor and in v substantial axial alignment with said one arm,

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
US483555A 1943-04-19 1943-04-19 Beam antenna system Expired - Lifetime US2446436A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE479157D BE479157A (ko) 1943-04-19
US483555A US2446436A (en) 1943-04-19 1943-04-19 Beam antenna system
GB16310/47A GB639469A (en) 1943-04-19 1947-06-20 Improvements in and relating to beam antenna systems
FR953890D FR953890A (fr) 1943-04-19 1947-10-07 Perfectionnements aux antennes de t. s. f.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US483555A US2446436A (en) 1943-04-19 1943-04-19 Beam antenna system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2446436A true US2446436A (en) 1948-08-03

Family

ID=23920540

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US483555A Expired - Lifetime US2446436A (en) 1943-04-19 1943-04-19 Beam antenna system

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2446436A (ko)
BE (1) BE479157A (ko)
FR (1) FR953890A (ko)
GB (1) GB639469A (ko)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2491493A (en) * 1944-02-07 1949-12-20 Stromberg Carlson Co Dipole antenna
US2503278A (en) * 1947-03-21 1950-04-11 Raytheon Mfg Co Energy radiation apparatus
US2520945A (en) * 1943-08-18 1950-09-05 Sperry Corp Wave transmission apparatus
US2543130A (en) * 1946-07-03 1951-02-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Reflecting system
US2570197A (en) * 1949-06-16 1951-10-09 John I Bohnert Dual purpose antenna
US2605416A (en) * 1945-09-19 1952-07-29 Foster John Stuart Directive system for wave guide feed to parabolic reflector
US2627028A (en) * 1945-07-03 1953-01-27 Welville B Nowak Antenna system
US2635191A (en) * 1945-07-09 1953-04-14 Jr Lewis E Swarts Antenna
US2642754A (en) * 1948-12-11 1953-06-23 Conti Maurice P De Rotatable antenna for televisions
US2647212A (en) * 1946-01-17 1953-07-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna system
US2803009A (en) * 1950-11-13 1957-08-13 Western Electric Co Protective shield for providing an impedance match between a radar feed and its parabolic reflector
US3727230A (en) * 1970-11-21 1973-04-10 Sony Corp Antenna having a combined dipole and loop portion

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1828705A (en) * 1928-05-21 1931-10-20 Fed Telegraph Co Radio system
US2083242A (en) * 1934-01-27 1937-06-08 Telefunken Gmbh Method of direction finding
US2258953A (en) * 1939-07-26 1941-10-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna system
US2298449A (en) * 1941-11-08 1942-10-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna
US2401344A (en) * 1940-06-14 1946-06-04 Gen Electric Co Ltd High-frequency electric transmission system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1828705A (en) * 1928-05-21 1931-10-20 Fed Telegraph Co Radio system
US2083242A (en) * 1934-01-27 1937-06-08 Telefunken Gmbh Method of direction finding
US2258953A (en) * 1939-07-26 1941-10-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna system
US2401344A (en) * 1940-06-14 1946-06-04 Gen Electric Co Ltd High-frequency electric transmission system
US2298449A (en) * 1941-11-08 1942-10-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2520945A (en) * 1943-08-18 1950-09-05 Sperry Corp Wave transmission apparatus
US2491493A (en) * 1944-02-07 1949-12-20 Stromberg Carlson Co Dipole antenna
US2627028A (en) * 1945-07-03 1953-01-27 Welville B Nowak Antenna system
US2635191A (en) * 1945-07-09 1953-04-14 Jr Lewis E Swarts Antenna
US2605416A (en) * 1945-09-19 1952-07-29 Foster John Stuart Directive system for wave guide feed to parabolic reflector
US2647212A (en) * 1946-01-17 1953-07-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna system
US2543130A (en) * 1946-07-03 1951-02-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Reflecting system
US2503278A (en) * 1947-03-21 1950-04-11 Raytheon Mfg Co Energy radiation apparatus
US2642754A (en) * 1948-12-11 1953-06-23 Conti Maurice P De Rotatable antenna for televisions
US2570197A (en) * 1949-06-16 1951-10-09 John I Bohnert Dual purpose antenna
US2803009A (en) * 1950-11-13 1957-08-13 Western Electric Co Protective shield for providing an impedance match between a radar feed and its parabolic reflector
US3727230A (en) * 1970-11-21 1973-04-10 Sony Corp Antenna having a combined dipole and loop portion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR953890A (fr) 1949-12-14
GB639469A (en) 1950-06-28
BE479157A (ko)

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