US2445719A - Electrical component - Google Patents

Electrical component Download PDF

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Publication number
US2445719A
US2445719A US658618A US65861846A US2445719A US 2445719 A US2445719 A US 2445719A US 658618 A US658618 A US 658618A US 65861846 A US65861846 A US 65861846A US 2445719 A US2445719 A US 2445719A
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United States
Prior art keywords
capacitor
crystal
frequency
unit
operating frequency
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Expired - Lifetime
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US658618A
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English (en)
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Frederick F Sylvester
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to NL137049D priority Critical patent/NL137049B/xx
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US658618A priority patent/US2445719A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/46—Filters
    • H03H9/54—Filters comprising resonators of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
    • H03H9/545—Filters comprising resonators of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material including active elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B45/00—Complex metal compounds of azo dyes
    • C09B45/02—Preparation from dyes containing in o-position a hydroxy group and in o'-position hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxyl, amino or keto groups
    • C09B45/14—Monoazo compounds

Definitions

  • the prior art also teaches the use of a plurality of piezoelectric crystals, each provided with one or more separate and adjustable capacitors, wherein the capacitors are capable of being preset to resonate or tune a circuit comprising one or more coils, for selecting any one of a group of frequencies by manipulation of a particular push button or similar control.
  • this invention adapts itself quite readily to a mode of distribution of broadcast receivers, for example, where the equipment would be manufactured and equipped with all components except the crystal-capacitor units, which would be installed by local dealers in accordance with the frequencies required in their areas. Since the units are preferably assembled in cans or envelopes provided with projecting pins, it is merely necessary to press the pins into complementary sockets in much the manner that a vacuum tube is now installed.
  • the provision of suitable gang switches in the equipment permits the accurate selection of a desired broadcast frequency by actuation of a single control element, which simultaneously interconnects the crystal and capacitor of a unit in proper relationship with their respective circuits.
  • the tuning unit contemplated may comprise a piezoelectric element of desired type and a capacitor having a predetermined value based upon the operating frequency of the crystal mounted in a container through which suitable leads are extended for interconnection of the crystal and capacitor electrodes in the circuits for which they are designed.
  • the piezoelectric element or crystal and capacitor are preferably arranged in noninductive relationship and the container is p erably shielded or composed of shielding material.
  • a separate base pin may be provided for electrically connecting the outer shell and any shielding means required within the tuning unit.
  • the piezoelectric element. be--shielded or electrically iso lated from the. capacitor, electrostaticallyor elec-- tromagnetically or both.
  • the grounded electrode is preferably that adjacent to the other element so as to provide a grounded shield between the two elements and their circuits.
  • the crystal nor capacitor elements has an electrode at electrical ground potential, a metallic shield may be introduced between them in conduotive. relationship with the envelope.
  • the capacitor and crystal of each unit will have, definitely computedvalues, depending upon the application for which the unit is intended.
  • Some of the relationships computed include: a capacity inversely proportional to the square of the algebraic sum of the crystal operating frequency? and a constant; a capacity inversely proportiona'l to the; square of the algebraic sumof the. crystalxoperating frequency and another frequency; a capacity inversely proportional to the square of the crystal operating frequency modified by'a' constant; av capacity inversely proportional to the. square. of the crystal operating" frequency modified by another frequency; and a capacity inverse'ly'proportional to the square of the crystaloperating frequency.
  • .1V is a plan of a crystal-capacitor unit takenalong line l- -I of Fig. 2;v
  • Fig-2' is an elevation of the unit, partially in section, taken along line 2-2 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3. is. an elevation, partially broken away, looking from the right OfiFig. 2; with theenvelope. removed Fig.-. 4; is. an. elevation looking from the left of Fig,.2-, with the envelope removed;
  • FIG. 1.2 another circuit diagram incorporating the new units and. Switches.
  • 'Ineunit depicted in Fig 1' to 4 comprises a. baseZ2' ofthermoplastic or thermosetting di electric material into which a plurality of terminal-pills are molded in interlocking. and pres.- s'uretislit relationship.
  • Two f the pins 24 are provided for connection with the crystal elec- Where neither trodes, while the other two pins 26 are connected with the capacitor electrodes.
  • Each pin is provided with an intermediate collar 23 serving to anchor it in the molded base.
  • the base is stepped to define a shoulder 30 in the radial face of which is formed an annular groove or depression 32 to serve as a seat for a volumetric sealing gasket 34 of rubber-like properties, whichisi deformed.
  • crystal 4 2 is shown as having opposed electrodes it and 4B evaporated orotherwise applied as; electricallyconducting coatings, the electrode 46 beingshown" in Fig. 3 as having a tab 50 extending'over the upper left edge of the proximate face'ofthecry's tal and terminating at the base of the bevel onthe remote face, for electrical connection withthe upper portion of the left hand clipta the electrode 4-8 being shown as having a tab- 52 extending over the upper edge of the remote face of the crystal and terminating at the base-ofthe'bevel on tlie proximate face, for electrical connectionwith the other of the clips 38.
  • the clips 38. is formed from wire to form a structure which.
  • Fig-'2 is somewhat channel-shaped in elevation; Fig-'2, having-a web-54., apair of opposed reentrant'flanges' 56', and a. loop 58 bent or twisted from theplane-of the web to'form a suitable number of turns for embracing the upper portions or the terminal pins 24, to" which they are-bonded electrically-and mechanically by welding orsol'der Ell
  • the capacitor i i also provided with opposed electrodes 62 and fidwl'i'ich may be applied as electricall'y conducting coatings is received by the clips-4U; each clip being inphysi'cal and electrical contact with one of the electrodes.
  • the dielectric body 66 has its proximate electrode 64, as viewed in- Fig: 4, discontinued at the lower left corner to avoidcontact' with the left hand clip ill. similarly, the remote electrode 62 is applied to clear the lower right hand corner of the dielectric body; as indicated in" broken lines, to avoid contact with' the right hand clip 18.
  • the right hand clip still referring to Fig. 4, engages the proximate electrode and the left hand clip the remote electrode; the contacts in each case being completedbya soldered or cemented'joint 6i.
  • Each of the capacitor clips Ml is formed from a single blank of resilientmetal and comprises a split socket 68 for embracing its terminal pin 26 to which it is secured by solder or Welding iii.
  • the capacitor engaging; elements include a bowed resilient leaf i2 and a substantially erect leaf M, which define an outwardly divergent jaw'to receive the capacitor.
  • the envelope l8 whichis shielded or which is itselfa shield, both electrostatic-and electromagnetic, is applied to the base and; secured thereto ihpressuretight rela tionship.
  • the envelope may have. a generally cylindrical or frus'tro-conical body formed with a c1osedupper'end82 and .an open lower end. Towards its" open end, the envelope is enlarged to define an outwardly directed shoulder 84 and a downwardly depending skirt 85.
  • its shoulder 84 deforms the gasket 34 causing it to flow into the groove 32 to effect a seal, whereupon the lower edge 8'! of the skirt 88 is rolled or crimped into locking relationship with the base at its fillet 3B.
  • thin conductive metal strips 88 may be afiixed to the terminal pin or pins involved, at a convenient point such as the soldered or welded joints between such pins and their clips.
  • the lower ends 89 of such strips 88 will trail over the upper portion of the base and gasket, down along the periphery of the base. Then when the envelope is applied and crimped, electrical contact will be established between the envelope and the one or more strips. Adjacent electrodes of the crystal and capacitor have been depicted in Fig.
  • (Fig. 1) incorporated in the base 22 will serve to ground the envelope through a conductive metal strip 88 which may be afiixed to the pin 9
  • a metallic shield or plate 93 is interposed between the crystal and capacitor to engage the inner wall of the shell or envelope l8, and be retained therein by a resilient forced fit established by compression of its bent fingers 95, against the inner wall of the envelope and located by means of suitable slots formed in the upper surface of the base 22 with which the lower edge of the shield registers during assembly of the envelope upon the base. Location of shield 93 in these slots causes it to assume a position in a plane substantially parallel with respect to the crystal 42 and capacitor 44. and substantially equidistant with respect thereto. Electrical connection of the shield to ground is thus effected through the fingers 95, envelope l8, connecting strip 89, and terminal pin 9 I.
  • a Miller oscillator embodying the crystal-capacitor units of the present invention is de picted in Fig. 5. Whereas only one such unit has been illustrated, the unit terminals have been drawn to indicate adjustable taps relating them to the remainder of the circuit, whereby the taps may be shifted simultaneously to connect with terminals of any number of such units having different constants.
  • This circuit is representative of a type of crystal controlled oscillation generators, for which it is desired to establish the relationship between the operating frequency f2 of the crystal 42 and the value C1 of the capacitor 44.
  • )2 is the operating frequency of the crystal unit; and is is the output operating frequency of the tuned resonant oscillator circuit;
  • L is the plate circuit inductance having a fixed value of A henries; and C1 is the capacity of the capacitor 44.
  • Tri-tet oscillator shown in Fig. 6 it may be said to represent harmonic-generating crystal oscillators to which units 20 may be applied to advantage.
  • units 20 may be applied to advantage.
  • the capacity is inversely proportional to the square of: the crystal operating frequency modified by another frequency.
  • Fig. 7 of the drawing illustrates the use of the unit of the present invention in tuning a singleended converter tube in a superheterodyne receiVel'.
  • the circuit connections with the unit are indicated as readily shiftable to other units of the same type for operation at other frequencies.
  • I1 is the incoming R. F. carrier frequency, f2 or fz the local os- CillEttOI' operating frequency established by the crystal 42, and f3 the intermediate frequency.
  • the antenna coil secondary or loop inductance L is assigned a constant value of A henries.
  • a Colpitts oscillator adapted to employany number of the units of the present invention is shown iniFi'g. 8 as connected with oneasuchiunit with shif t'able leads which can be connected w-ith other such units asdesiredi Where-fa is the opcrating frequency of the crystal 42 and" f3 the operating irequency'of the resonant; circuit-in cluding the capacitor 44' whose capacitance is 01, and an inductance L having a fixed value of A henries, it may be assumed that At resonance, as in previously discussed: examples;
  • any composite triode-pentode converter such as the pentagrid converter, heptode converter, hexode converter, or octode converter
  • Fig; 10. where again,, any desired-1. numberof the circuits. by appropriate switching from the terminals of; the. single .unitindicated to corree spending terminals, of other units having desired constantse-
  • Fig; 1-1 Illustrates the. application of a plurality ofthe units: to a-superheterodyne receiver using asingle-endedconverter tube.
  • a switch ltiiw-hose depression will establish circuitsfor. manuallytune ingthe receiver, independently of the crystal capacitor-units.
  • the switches are of a known commercial type-wherein depression of any one buttonwill eject any of the others w-hichimay have been depressed previously.
  • Such a receiver will;be'ad apted.,for push-button tuning of a predetermined group c-f transmitted frequencies (fivein the case illustrated) by introducing the terminalpins of units corresponding-tosuch frequencies into sockets, such as those produced for usewith miniature tubes, with reference to which, thenumbers l, 3, 5 and? have been appliedto the uppermost unit ofFig. 11.
  • Fig. 12 represents a similar circuit utilizing six units of, the-present invent-ion cooperating with six gang switches adapted for tuning six predeterminedfrequencies by the actuation of pushhut tons in: the manner. described with reference to Fig; 1-1. In thisaar-rangement, there isno-prov-isionof manualtuning; the sixth switch
  • Figs. 11 and-12 will'readily-adapt themselves to an entirely new mode of distribution of radio receivers.
  • the manufacturer can ship the receivers without the tuning units to any distributor regardless of'geographicallocation.
  • the distributor will maintain a stock of the units of the present invention suited tot-he needs of his particular area. Then to adapt the receiver to the broadcast frequencies desired by a given customer, the distributor need only insert the appropriate units corresponding to the desired frequencies without need for adjusting any'compcnents then or in the future.
  • Atuning unit comprising a piezoelectric element and a fixed. capacitor having a predetermined value based upon the operating frequency OIL the, element, mounted -in substantially non-in.- ductive relationship in a closed container, and leads for said element and capacitor extending through. said container.
  • Atuning unit. comprising a piezoelectric element and a fixed capacitor having a predetermined value based upon the operating frequency of the element, mounted in substantially non-inductive relationship in a sealed container provid ing shielding, and leads for said element and capacitor extending through said container.
  • a tuning unit comprising a piezoelectric element and a fixed capacitor having a predetermined value based upon the operating frequency of the element, mounted in substantially non-inductive relationship in a closed shielding container, and leads for said element and capacitor extending through said container.
  • a tuning unit comprising a piezoelectric element and a fixed capacitor having a predetermined value based upon the operating frequency of the element, mounted in substantially non-inductive relationship in a closed container providing shielding, said element and capacitor having adjacent electrodes connected to said shielding, and leads for said element and capacitor extending through said container.
  • a tuning unit comprising a piezoelectric element and a fixed capacitor having a predetermined value based upon the operating frequency of the element, mounted in substantially noninductive relationship in a closed container, means electrostatically shielding said element from said capacitor, and leads for said element and capacitor extending through said container.
  • a tuning unit comprising a piezoelectric element and a separate capacitor having a capacity inversely proportional to the square of the algebraic sum of the element operating frequency and a constant, mounted in a closed container, and leads for said element and capacitor extending through said container.
  • a tuning unit comprising a piezoelectric element and a separate capacitor having a capacity inversely proportional to the square of the algebraic sum of the element operating frequency and another frequency, mounted in a closed container, and leads for said element and capacitor extending through said container.
  • a tuning unit comprising a piezoelectric element and a separate capacitor having a capacity inversely proportional to the square of the element operating frequency modified by a constant; said element and capacitor being mounted 4 9.
  • a tuning unit comprising a piezoelectric element and a separate capacitor having a capacity inversely proportional to the square of the element operating frequency modified by a preselected frequency; said element and capacitor being mounted in a closed container, and leads for said element and capacitor extending through said container.
  • a tuning unit comprising a piezoelectric element and a separate capacitor having 2. capacity inversely proportional to the square of the element operating frequency, said element and capacitor being mounted in substantially non-inductive relationship in a closed container, and leads for said element and capacitor extending through said container.
  • a control system for oscillator circuits comprising matched piezoelectric element-capacitor units corresponding to predetermined frequencies, the capacitor of each unit having a predetermined value based upon the operating frequency of its element, each of said elements and capacitors of a unit being mounted in substantially non-inductive relationship in a closed container, leads for each of said elements and capacitors extending through its container, and means for selectively interconnecting said units in said circuits.
  • a control system for oscillator circuits comprising matched piezoelectric element-capacitor units corresponding to predetermined frequencies of diiferent values, the capacitor of each unit having a predetermined value based upon the operating frequency of its associated element, leads for each of said elements and capacitors, and means for selectively interconnecting said units in said circuits.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
US658618A 1946-04-01 1946-04-01 Electrical component Expired - Lifetime US2445719A (en)

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NL137049D NL137049B (en, 2012) 1946-04-01
US658618A US2445719A (en) 1946-04-01 1946-04-01 Electrical component

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2515673A (en) * 1946-02-27 1950-07-18 James Knights Company Electrical component
US2575819A (en) * 1949-02-03 1951-11-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Crystal unit
US2640374A (en) * 1949-12-07 1953-06-02 Mack Mfg Corp Dual transmission control
US2665329A (en) * 1947-03-11 1954-01-05 Everett D Mccurdy Closure and terminal seal for electrolytic devices
US2826630A (en) * 1952-07-25 1958-03-11 Klebanoff Michael Hermetic crystal holder
US2877389A (en) * 1953-06-25 1959-03-10 Globe Union Inc Printed electronic circuit
US2945162A (en) * 1954-05-28 1960-07-12 Stewart Warner Corp Method and apparatus for assembling and interconnecting electronic apparatus
US3209209A (en) * 1963-02-21 1965-09-28 Burroughs Corp Means for connecting electrical component to circuit board
US3265942A (en) * 1961-03-27 1966-08-09 Osborne Albert Apparatus providing compact semiconductor unit
US3327254A (en) * 1962-10-26 1967-06-20 Jr Joseph N Farace Filter assembly
US3354413A (en) * 1961-11-13 1967-11-21 Kokusai Electric Co Ltd Electromechanical filter for low frequencies
DE1289136B (de) * 1967-11-20 1969-02-13 Siemens Ag Elektromechanischer Wandler zur Umwandlung elektrischer Schwingungen in mechanische Schwingungen
US20090152992A1 (en) * 2005-10-24 2009-06-18 Seiko Instruments Inc. Airtight terminal

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1833966A (en) * 1924-12-03 1931-12-01 American Telephone & Telegraph Multiplex system
US1994228A (en) * 1931-02-19 1935-03-12 Telefunken Gmbh Temperature control of piezo-electric crystal apparatus
US2171243A (en) * 1937-05-14 1939-08-29 Rca Corp Frequency control system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1833966A (en) * 1924-12-03 1931-12-01 American Telephone & Telegraph Multiplex system
US1994228A (en) * 1931-02-19 1935-03-12 Telefunken Gmbh Temperature control of piezo-electric crystal apparatus
US2171243A (en) * 1937-05-14 1939-08-29 Rca Corp Frequency control system

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2515673A (en) * 1946-02-27 1950-07-18 James Knights Company Electrical component
US2665329A (en) * 1947-03-11 1954-01-05 Everett D Mccurdy Closure and terminal seal for electrolytic devices
US2575819A (en) * 1949-02-03 1951-11-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Crystal unit
US2640374A (en) * 1949-12-07 1953-06-02 Mack Mfg Corp Dual transmission control
US2826630A (en) * 1952-07-25 1958-03-11 Klebanoff Michael Hermetic crystal holder
US2877389A (en) * 1953-06-25 1959-03-10 Globe Union Inc Printed electronic circuit
US2945162A (en) * 1954-05-28 1960-07-12 Stewart Warner Corp Method and apparatus for assembling and interconnecting electronic apparatus
US3265942A (en) * 1961-03-27 1966-08-09 Osborne Albert Apparatus providing compact semiconductor unit
US3354413A (en) * 1961-11-13 1967-11-21 Kokusai Electric Co Ltd Electromechanical filter for low frequencies
US3327254A (en) * 1962-10-26 1967-06-20 Jr Joseph N Farace Filter assembly
US3209209A (en) * 1963-02-21 1965-09-28 Burroughs Corp Means for connecting electrical component to circuit board
DE1289136B (de) * 1967-11-20 1969-02-13 Siemens Ag Elektromechanischer Wandler zur Umwandlung elektrischer Schwingungen in mechanische Schwingungen
US20090152992A1 (en) * 2005-10-24 2009-06-18 Seiko Instruments Inc. Airtight terminal
US7755259B2 (en) * 2005-10-24 2010-07-13 Seiko Instruments Inc. Airtight terminal

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Publication number Publication date
NL137049B (en, 2012)

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