US2444438A - Pulse generation method - Google Patents

Pulse generation method Download PDF

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Publication number
US2444438A
US2444438A US548369A US54836944A US2444438A US 2444438 A US2444438 A US 2444438A US 548369 A US548369 A US 548369A US 54836944 A US54836944 A US 54836944A US 2444438 A US2444438 A US 2444438A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pulse
pulses
duration
input
graph
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US548369A
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald D Grieg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STC PLC
Federal Telephone and Radio Corp
Original Assignee
Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE472524D priority Critical patent/BE472524A/xx
Priority to BE474667D priority patent/BE474667A/xx
Application filed by Standard Telephone and Cables PLC filed Critical Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority to US548369A priority patent/US2444438A/en
Priority to FR941510D priority patent/FR941510A/fr
Priority to FR57500D priority patent/FR57500E/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2444438A publication Critical patent/US2444438A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/01—Shaping pulses
    • H03K5/04—Shaping pulses by increasing duration; by decreasing duration
    • H03K5/06—Shaping pulses by increasing duration; by decreasing duration by the use of delay lines or other analogue delay elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/01—Shaping pulses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/04—Synchronising
    • H04N5/06—Generation of synchronising signals

Definitions

  • lIhis invention relates to the generation of electrical pulses and more particularly to the generation of symmetrically shaped electrical pulses.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method and means for producing substantially symmetrically shaped pulses hawng a given duration and/or a given steepness of slope for the leading and trailing edges thereof, from a source of pulses regardless of any variation that may occur in the duration and/or repetition rate of the pulses of such source.
  • a short circuited passive network or other pulse reflecting means use is made of the properties of a short circuited passive network or other pulse reflecting means to produce pulses whose duration is determined by the retardation characteristics of the reflecting means independent of the repetition rate and duration of the input pulses.
  • the duration of the input pulses should be at least equal to the desired duration of the output pulses.
  • the input pulse is impressed at the input end of the network and travels through the network to the short circuited portion thereof from which itis reflected.
  • the net result of this action is the appearance of a reflected pulse at the sending end impedance possessing substantially the shape characteristics of the input pulse, but reversed in polarity and delayed by an amount equal to twice the forward delay of the network.
  • the resulting pulse energy existing across the sending end impedance of the network is the sum of the input and reflected pulses.
  • the sending end impedance is preferably made equal to the charr acteristic impedance of the line so that the reected energy is absorbed, thereby clearing the network of reflections prior to the occurrence of the next input pulse.
  • the leading and trailing edges of the output pulses are caused to correspond-directly tothe steepness of the slope of either the leading or trailing edge of the input pulses, depending upon from which of the two pulse portions resulting across the input impedance, the output pulse energy is obtained.
  • Fig. l' is a schematic wiring diagram with parts in block form of anembodiment of my invention.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are graphical illustrations used in explaining the operation of the embodiment shown in Fig. l.
  • the pulse producer l of the system may comu priseany source of pulses available so long as the pulses thereof are of a duration equal to or greater than the duration of the desired output pulses.
  • a rectangularly shapedipulse is shown by way of example as the character of the pulses obtained from the producer l.
  • These pulses are applied to a cathode follower, 3 the output circuit of which contains an impedance load ll.
  • a passive network cr artificial delay line 5 comprising a series arangement of inductance coils 1l5 and parallel arrangement of condensers l.
  • the load impedance 4 together with the equivalent cathode follower impedance, as hereinbefore stated, is preferably chosen so as to match the characteristic impedance of the network 5.
  • a shorting device 8 is providedfor adjustment or selective connection at points along the length of the network.l
  • the energy thereof travels along the network until it comes to a short circuited portion thereof, such as formed by the short circuiting device 8.
  • the short circuited portion refleets the pulse energy resulting in its delayed re-appearance across the load impedance 4 but with the polarity thereof reversed.
  • This delayed reversed reflection pulse effect is indicated by pulse 9 in graph 2b.
  • graph 2c the
  • clipper I2 is provided across the load impedance 4 and is provided with a suitable bias for clip- ⁇ ping the desired pulse energy from the resulting f wave indicated by graph 2c.
  • the clipper I2' is indicated as having a threshold clipping level I3 whereby energy of the positive pulse l l I0 is obtained as shown'in graph 2d.
  • the clipper may be provided with a cathode follower M, whereby output pulses may be obtained at a lowered output impedance.
  • the input pulses vary in duration between the solid line and the dot-dash lines indicated for pulse 2 of graph 2a.
  • the reected pulses 9 of graph 2b will likewise be varied as indicated at I6. This variation does not alter the pulse Iwidth or position of the positive pulse Iii.
  • the negative pulse is shifted in time in accordance with the variation in width of the input pulse, but its Width remains the same, as indi-cated at l1.
  • the leading or trailing edge of vthe input pulse is caused to have the desired slope.
  • the leading edge I8 of the input pulse I9 is given the desired slope for output pulse 20a.
  • 90, of graph 3b corresponds substantially directly to the slope of the leading edge I8 of input pulse I9.l
  • the summa-tion of the two pulses result in positive pulse 2G, whose leading edge is the same in slope as the leading edge I8 and whose trailing edge is the saine in slope as leading edge I8a.
  • the triangular pulse is obtained by clipping the resulting pulse energy along a level rEll thereby producing output pulse 23a shown in graph 3e.
  • the slopes of the pulse 23a may be varied in steepness by varying the steepness of the trailing edge'of- ⁇ the input pulse. It will also be observed that symmetrical triangular pulses may be obtained from the leading edge ⁇ oi the input pulse by proper selection of the retardation .characteristics of network 5 with respect to the duration of the leading edge of the input pulse.
  • pulse yproducing devices such as, :for example, a multivibrator
  • pulse yproducing devices such as, :for example, a multivibrator
  • Such variation in repetition rate does not eiect the output of the circuit shown in Fig. 1 since each output pulse is the direct summation of its input and reflected energy.
  • a method .of producing a symmetrical triangular pulse comprising propagating a trapezoidal pulse, the leading or ⁇ trailing edge of which Ahas a slope corresponding to the slope desired for REFERENCES CITED
  • the following referencesy are of record in the file of this patent:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Manipulation Of Pulses (AREA)
US548369A 1944-08-07 1944-08-07 Pulse generation method Expired - Lifetime US2444438A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE472524D BE472524A (en(2012)) 1944-08-07
BE474667D BE474667A (en(2012)) 1944-08-07
US548369A US2444438A (en) 1944-08-07 1944-08-07 Pulse generation method
FR941510D FR941510A (fr) 1944-08-07 1947-02-14 Systèmes générateurs d'impulsions
FR57500D FR57500E (fr) 1944-08-07 1947-08-05 Systèmes générateurs d'impulsions

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US548369A US2444438A (en) 1944-08-07 1944-08-07 Pulse generation method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2444438A true US2444438A (en) 1948-07-06

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US548369A Expired - Lifetime US2444438A (en) 1944-08-07 1944-08-07 Pulse generation method

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US (1) US2444438A (en(2012))
BE (2) BE472524A (en(2012))
FR (2) FR941510A (en(2012))

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2523283A (en) * 1946-04-08 1950-09-26 Dickson John Pulse resolving network
US2843738A (en) * 1952-11-28 1958-07-15 Philips Corp Circuit arrangement for producing pulses
US2905887A (en) * 1955-05-05 1959-09-22 Hughes Aircraft Co Comparison circuit
US2941091A (en) * 1953-09-10 1960-06-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse selector circuits
US2961609A (en) * 1956-11-05 1960-11-22 Motorola Inc Pulse width discriminator circuit
US2965845A (en) * 1955-02-28 1960-12-20 Rca Corp Marker pulse circuit
US2975367A (en) * 1957-01-10 1961-03-14 Itt Maximum slope pulse detector
US3066231A (en) * 1958-07-30 1962-11-27 Ibm Flip-flop circuit having pulse-forming networks in the cross-coupling paths
US3082377A (en) * 1959-07-30 1963-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Combination generator and detector for a wave of predetermined shape
US3094667A (en) * 1958-10-29 1963-06-18 Itt Noise reducing circuit employing the information on both leading and trailing edges of received pulses
US3105197A (en) * 1958-12-24 1963-09-24 Kaiser Ind Corp Selective sampling device utilizing coincident gating of source pulses with reinforce-reflected delay line pulses
US3402370A (en) * 1965-11-30 1968-09-17 Air Force Usa Pulse generator
US3813486A (en) * 1969-10-31 1974-05-28 Image Analysing Computers Ltd Image analysis
EP0150076A3 (en) * 1984-01-11 1985-08-21 N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken Parallel-series converter

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2266154A (en) * 1939-02-25 1941-12-16 Emi Ltd Thermionic valve circuits

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2266154A (en) * 1939-02-25 1941-12-16 Emi Ltd Thermionic valve circuits

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2523283A (en) * 1946-04-08 1950-09-26 Dickson John Pulse resolving network
US2843738A (en) * 1952-11-28 1958-07-15 Philips Corp Circuit arrangement for producing pulses
US2941091A (en) * 1953-09-10 1960-06-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse selector circuits
US2965845A (en) * 1955-02-28 1960-12-20 Rca Corp Marker pulse circuit
US2905887A (en) * 1955-05-05 1959-09-22 Hughes Aircraft Co Comparison circuit
US2961609A (en) * 1956-11-05 1960-11-22 Motorola Inc Pulse width discriminator circuit
US2975367A (en) * 1957-01-10 1961-03-14 Itt Maximum slope pulse detector
US3066231A (en) * 1958-07-30 1962-11-27 Ibm Flip-flop circuit having pulse-forming networks in the cross-coupling paths
US3094667A (en) * 1958-10-29 1963-06-18 Itt Noise reducing circuit employing the information on both leading and trailing edges of received pulses
US3105197A (en) * 1958-12-24 1963-09-24 Kaiser Ind Corp Selective sampling device utilizing coincident gating of source pulses with reinforce-reflected delay line pulses
US3082377A (en) * 1959-07-30 1963-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Combination generator and detector for a wave of predetermined shape
US3402370A (en) * 1965-11-30 1968-09-17 Air Force Usa Pulse generator
US3813486A (en) * 1969-10-31 1974-05-28 Image Analysing Computers Ltd Image analysis
EP0150076A3 (en) * 1984-01-11 1985-08-21 N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken Parallel-series converter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE472524A (en(2012))
FR57500E (fr) 1953-01-28
BE474667A (en(2012))
FR941510A (fr) 1949-01-13

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