US2444418A - High-frequency electronic device - Google Patents

High-frequency electronic device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2444418A
US2444418A US462123A US46212342A US2444418A US 2444418 A US2444418 A US 2444418A US 462123 A US462123 A US 462123A US 46212342 A US46212342 A US 46212342A US 2444418 A US2444418 A US 2444418A
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Prior art keywords
electrode
sections
connections
anode
face
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Expired - Lifetime
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US462123A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ralph J Bondley
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
Priority to BE480701D priority Critical patent/BE480701A/xx
Priority to FR955730D priority patent/FR955730A/fr
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US462123A priority patent/US2444418A/en
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Publication of US2444418A publication Critical patent/US2444418A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/58—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having a number of resonators; having a composite resonator, e.g. a helix
    • H01J25/587—Multi-cavity magnetrons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/18—Resonators
    • H01J23/22—Connections between resonators, e.g. strapping for connecting resonators of a magnetron

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in high-frequency electronic devices and particularly to devices of this character of the magnetron type.
  • High-frequency electronic devices employing a plurality of resonant cavities or slots have been employed as amplifiers and oscillation generators.
  • One type of such device employed extensively as a high-frequency generator includes an anode structure comprising a circular array of anode elements coupled by resonant cavities and grouped around a common cathode which provide-s a source of electrons in the interelectrode space.
  • anode structure comprising a circular array of anode elements coupled by resonant cavities and grouped around a common cathode which provide-s a source of electrons in the interelectrode space.
  • the functioning of such a device as a high-frequency oscillator depends upon the action of suitably directed magnetic and electric fields on the electrons emitted from the cathode.
  • the frequency of these devices may be increased by increasing the number of anodes employed.
  • the transfer of energy to the output circuit from the cavities remote from the output connections has been limited and the overall efiiciency therefor rather low.
  • the number of modes or natural frequencies of operation increases with the number of anodes and the tendencyof these devices to change sporadically from one mode of operation to another has been a detrimental characteristic.
  • Attempts to improve the efficiency and stability of operation of these devices have been made by making conductive connections between certain anode sections or poles on both the upper and lower faces of the anode structure.
  • An object of my invention is to provide an improved electrode structure for high-frequency apparatus to increase the efficiency of the apparatus as well as to improve the stability of operation.
  • I provide a high-frequency generator of the magnetron type having an anode structure including a plurality of anode sections coupled by resonant cavities and provided with an improved pattern of conductive connections between the different anode sections.
  • the conductive connections are similar in shape to staples and are dimensioned to span an anode section and the two gaps which define the 13 Claims. (Cl. 250-275) spanned section.
  • the connections are complete; that is, alternate sections are connected around the array until every gap is spanned by two conductors.
  • the system of connections is incomplete; that is, some of the gaps are not spanned.
  • two adjacent conductors are omitted so that one gap is not spanned at all and the two adjacent gaps are each spanned by only one conductor. This arrangement has proved very effective in increasing the efficiency of the oscillator as well as to separate the modes of operation and improve the stability of operation. While the omission of only two conductors on one face of the anode structure has given the most improvement in operation, marked improvement in operation as compared with known arrangements has been observed when more than two adjacent conducting straps have been omitted.
  • Fig. l is aver-tical section of a magnetron device suitably embodying the present invention
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are top and bottom views, respectively, of the anode structure of the device shown in Fig. 1 and illustrating schematically the pattern of conductive connections employed for interconnecting the anode sections
  • F'ig. 4 is a view showing a development of the anode surface opposing the cathode and showing the arrangement of the conductive connections be tween the anode sections.
  • a magnetron device of a type to which my invention maybe applied to advantage In Fig. 1, I have shown a magnetron device of a type to which my invention maybe applied to advantage. The device is fully described and certain features thereof are claimed in the copending application of Elmer D. McArthur, Serial No. 447,903, filed June22, 1942 now Patent No. 2,412,824, and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.
  • an elongated cylindrical container the lateral wall structure of which is provided by a single metal tube Ill consisting of ferro-magnetic material, such as cold rolled steel or the like.
  • the ends of the container are closed by flanged members H and I2 which are welded or otherwise hermetically joined to the inner surface of the part ID.
  • the outer surface of the container is provided with a, series of circumferentially extending fins l3 which are adapted to serve as heat-dissipating elements, and a somewhat larger circular element l4 provided near the upper end. of the container acts as a mountflangc for the device as a whole.
  • anode struc ture 15 comprising a circular member which has a relatively large central opening l6 and a series of smaller openings l'l arranged symmetrically about the central opening.
  • the central opening is joined to the openings IT by means of radially extending slots l8 which divide the wall of the anode structure surrounding the opening l6 into anode sections designated by the numerals iii to 26, inclusive.
  • the structure l5, which preferably consists of copper, is supported by being brazed to the interior wall surface of the part In.
  • small channels 2'! are cut in the outer periphery of the structure and these are used to receive rings of brazing material applied before the anode structure is inserted within the container.
  • a relatively large circumferentia1ly extending channel 28 serves to reduce the overall weight of the structure.
  • a space charge is assumed to lee-developed in the space between the'cathode sleeve 29 and the surrounding anode structure by the application of a suitable potential impressed between one of the cathode'lead-in wires 33, 34 and the container Hito which the anode structure is directly conductively connected.
  • the electrons which compose this space charge are given a spiral or orbital motion by a magneticfield produced by means shortly to be described, and their resultant gyrations about the cathode produce-excitation of the anode structure at its resonant frequency.
  • anode structure in the latter connection may be explained from one'point of view by considering that it is made up of a plurality of mutually coupled resonant units in each of which inductance is provided by the wall surface bounding one of the circular openings I1 and capacitance is provided by the opposing surface of one of the slots l8. Taking this viewpoint, it will be seen that the operating frequency is in a large measure determined by the dimensions of the openings l'l.
  • devices of the character thus far described have exhibited a tendency to change sporadically from one mode of operation to, another with a corresponding change in operating frequency. This tendency has been particularly marked when the devices are operated from a'source of pulsating voltage.
  • the anode sections are conductively connected in a predetermined mannerto minimize or eliminate this undesirable tendency toward instability of operation and to increase the efficiency of the device.
  • the pole pieces 35 and 36 should be constituted of a magnetizable substance having a high coercive force and a high energy factor.
  • a magnetizable substance having a high coercive force and a high energy factor.
  • One of the materials which may be used in this connection is that known as Alnico. meaning a particular class of alloys of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt.
  • pole pieces 35 and 38 are constituted of Alnico, which is considered to be a preferred material, they are normally prepared in cast form and have their critical surfaces finished by grinding.
  • the ground-surfaces may include, for example, the end surfaces of both pole p ces a theperipheral surfaces indicated by the numerals 3? and 38, respectively. These latter surfaces, together with the end surfaces which adjoin them may advantageously be copper plated to reduce losses attributableto high-frequency circulating currents induced by the proximity of these surfaces'to the interelectrode spaces in which highfrequency waves are generated.
  • the pole pieces may be respectivly-seated upon relatively thick disk-like members 39and l l consisting of term-magnetic material, such as steel.
  • relatively thick disk-like members 39and l l consisting of term-magnetic material, such as steel.
  • clamping rings M and. 42 slipped over the pole pieces and welded to the basing members.
  • Each basing member is of such diameter as to fit snugly within the tubular container part H3 so as to provide a low reluctance connection with that part, and welded to one of the closure members ll, 52.
  • Accurate spacing of the pole pieces 3'5 and 36 with reference to the anode structure l5 may be obtained by the use of spacing rings 43 and 44 used in the manner indicated. As is shown in Fig. 1, each of these rings is interposed between one surface of the anode structure and the surface of an apertured disk 45, :36, each disk in turn being in abutment with an appropriately formed shoulder provided on the adjacent pole piece as indicated at M and 48.
  • the spacing rings 43 and M may be welded in place before the pole pieces are inserted within the container.
  • pole pieces 35 and 35 With the pole pieces 35 and 35 arranged inside the container l0, it becomes convenient to use the pole pieces as a supporting means for the cathode structure 29. This maybe done, for example, by the use of a pair of insulating beads 49 and 5B which are respectively centered in axially extending openings ii! and 52 cut in the pole pieces.
  • the lower bead 5B is provided with a central aperture adapted to receive a centering stud 53 projecting downwardly from the cathode end plate 32.
  • the upper bead 39 has two separate openings through which the current supply wires 33 and 34 extend.
  • the preferred mode of operation occurs when alternate poles are at any instant of opposite polarity.
  • the stability of operation in this mode is improved by conductively connecting alternatepoles on each face of the anode structure.
  • the poles ofthe anode structure are connected by an improved pattern of conducting elements which has provided stable operation in the desired mode and also'resulted in a marked increase in efficiency.
  • these connections may be made by small copper wires having a shape similar to a staple and with the arm portions thereof spaced to span the alternate anode sections.
  • the gaps are spanned by two conductors with the exception of three gaps on the lower face.
  • One of these gaps is not spanned byany conductor on the lower face of the structure while the adjoining slot on each side is spanned by only one conductor.
  • This interruption of the complete pattern of strapping by conducting elements bythe omission of two elements on one face of the anode structure has given a higher output efficiency than could be obtained from the same device with both the upper and lower patterns of conducting elements complete.
  • the omission of more conducting elements immediately adjacent those'omitted in the illustrated embodiment caused a slight decrease in efliciency as compared with the illustrated embodiment.
  • the eificiency under these conditions was still considerably above the efficiency resulting from a complete pattern of conducting elements on both the upper and lower'faces of the anode structure.
  • the presence of. the conducting elements or straps will have the effect of modifying the wave length at which the anode cavities oscillate and, accordingly, this should be taken into consideration in machining the anode structure.
  • the magnitude of the change resulting from the presence of the conducting elements depends upon the spacing of the wires from the anode sections, and this fact may be utilized to make an adjustment of the resonant frequency of the cavities.
  • the conductive connections are made with loops of wire of good conducting material, such as copper, which are shaped similar to staples.
  • these wires may be adjusted with respectto the face of the electrpde structure by bending to adjust the natural frequency of the electrode and thereby determine its wave length as well as to make adjustments of the resonant frequencies of the different cavities after they have been machined.
  • gages may be provided which are slipped under the loops of the conductive connections to assist in making the adjustments.
  • the wire 12 is merged into a larger conductor 16 through a tapered transition region Tl which is of such configuration as to avoid any substantial change in the characteristic impedance of the (The fulfillment of this latter condition requires the maintenance of a constant ratio between the diameters of the outer and inner conductors.)
  • the conductors I5 and 16 may connect with an antenna or other agency for utilizing the high frequency energy developed by the apparatus, and their size is determined with this end in view.
  • the vacuum tightness of the container is preserved by means of a bead of glass 18 which forms a seal between the conductor 16 and the surrounding tubular member 15. y
  • the coupling loop 10 of the output circuit has been placed in the opening or cavity l1 diametrically opposite the gap 18 across which the conductors have been omitted on one face of the anode structure.
  • An electrode structure comprising an even number of electrode sections mutually spaced apart about a closed figure and providin cavity resonators therebetween adapted to be excited at high frequency, said electrode sections having endsin opposite faces of said electrode structure, means conductively connecting all of the even numbered electrode sections together on one face r 1 of'zsaid electrode structure and means con'du'ctively :connecting all of the odd numbered electrode sections together on said 'one face, and a similar system of conducting connections connectring all of the alternate electrode sections together on the other face of said electrode structure.
  • a structure fora magnetron-type discharge device including a first electrode comprising a circular array of electrode sections mutually spaced apart and defining cavity resonators there- -between, a second electrode spaced from said array of electrode sections and providing a source :of electrons in the interelectrode space, magnetic means adjacent said electrodes for producing a magnetic field in said interelectrode space to control the movement of .said electrons to cause excitation of said first electrode, and a system of conductive connections on each face of said first electrode, said faces being spaced apart along the length of said second electrode, each system of connections including connections between all alternate electrode sections.
  • a structure for a magnetron-type discharge device including a first electrode having an opening therein and having a plurality of cavity resonators about said openin and dividing said electrode into a plurality of electrode sections, a second electrode mounted in said opening and providing a source of electrons in the interelectrode space, magnetic means in proximity to said electrode for controlling the movement of said electrons in said interelectrode space to produce high frequency excitation of said first electrode, and a system of conductive connections on each .face of said first electrode, one of said systems of connections including connections between all alternate electrode sections, the other of said systems having connections omitted in only one re- .gion thereof and being otherwise the same as said one system of connections.
  • a structure for a magnetron-type discharge device including a first electrode having anopening therein and having a plurality of cavity resonators about .said opening and dividing said electrode into a plurality of electrode sections, a second electrode positioned in said opening and providing a source of electrons in the interelectrode space, magnetic means in proximity to said electrode for controlling the movement of said electrons in said interelectrode space to produce high frequency excitation of said first electrode, and a system of conductive connections on each face of said first electrode, each system of connections including connections between all alternate electrode sections, the connections of each of said fsystems comprising conductors which are readily adjustable with respect to the surface of the first electrode to control the resonant frequency of said first electrode.
  • An electrode structure for a high frequency device comprising a plurality of electrode sections mutually spaced apart providing cavity resonators therebetween and adapted to be excited at high frequency, said sections having face portions for confining the space charge of the device and means conductively connecting predetermined electrode sections together in proximity to said face portions to separate the natural modes of oscillation of said structure and to stabilize the operation thereof when said electrode structure is excited for operation at a particular frequency, said means being adjustable with respect to the electrode structure to adjust the resonant frequency of the electrode structure.
  • An electrode structure comprising a plurality of electrode sections mutually spaced apart providing cavity resonators therebetween and adapted to be excited at high frequency, and means conductively connecting predetermined electrode sections together to separate the natural modes of oscillation of said structure and to stabilize the operation thereof when said electrode structure is excited for operation at a particular frequency, said means comprising Wire-like loops which are readily bendable to adjust the spacing of said connections with respect to said structure and thereby adjust the natural frequency of said electrode structure.
  • a structure for a magnetron-type discharge device including a first electrode comprising a circular array of electrode sections which are mutually spaced apart providing a plurality of cavity resonators, a second electrode spaced from said array of electrode sections and providing a source of electrons in the interelectrode space, means in proximity to said first electrode for producing a magnetic field parallel to the axis of said circular array to control the movement of said electrons and cause excitation of said first electrode at a particular frequency, a system of conductive connections connecting all alternate electrode sections on one face of said first electrode, an incomplete system of conductive connections connecting alternate electrode sections on the other face of said first electrode, said incomplete system having connections omitted at only one region thereof providing at least one electrode section in said region not connected by any conductive connections on said other face, and means located in one or the cavity resonators remote from said last-mentioned electrode section for extracting energy from said electrode structure.
  • a structure for a magnetron-type discharge device including a first electrode comprising a circular array of electrode sections mutually spaced apart and definin a plurality of cavity resonators, a second electrode spaced from said array of electrode sections and providing a source of electrons in the interelectrode space, means in proximity to said first electrode for producing a magnetic field to control the movement of said electrons to cause excitation of said first electrode at a particular frequency, a system of conductive connections connecting all alternate electrode sections on one face of said first electrode, and an incomplete system of conductive connections connecting alternate electrode sections on the other face of said electrode, said incomplete system having only adjacent connections omitted providing only one break therein.
  • a structure for a magnetron-type discharge device including an electrode structure comprising an array of generally parallel electrode sec tions which are mutually spaced apart providing cavity resonators between them, means for providing an electronic space charge in proximity to said electrode sections and in energy-exchanging relation with said resonators, means in proximity to said electrode structure for producing a magnetic field parallel to said electrode sections whereby the electrode structure may be set into high-frequency resonance as a consequence of the gyrations of the electrons composing said space charge, a system of conductive connections connecting all alternate electrode sections at one Number end of said structure, and an incomplete system of conductive connections connecting alternate electrode sections at the other end of said structure and having a plurality of adjacent connections omitted at only one region thereof leaving at least one electrode section unconnected with any other section at said other end of said structure.
  • a structure for a magnetron-type discharge device including a first electrode comprising an even number of electrode sections which are mutually spaced apart providing cavity resonators, a second electrode spaced from said first electrode and providing a source of electrons in the interelectrode space, means in proximity to said first electrode for producing a magnetic field substantially parallel to said electrode sections to control the movement of said electrons and thereby cause excitation of said first electrode at a particular frequency, means conductively connecting all of the even numbered electrode sections on one face of said first electrode, means conductively connecting all of the odd numbered electrode sections on one face thereof, means conductively connecting less than the total even numbered electrode sections on the other face thereof, and means conductively connecting less than the total number of odd electrode sections on th'e other face thereof, the unconnected odd and even electrode sections on said other face being adjacent providing only one break in the system of conductive connections on said other face.

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US462123A 1942-10-15 1942-10-15 High-frequency electronic device Expired - Lifetime US2444418A (en)

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BE480701D BE480701A (fr) 1942-10-15
FR955730D FR955730A (fr) 1942-10-15
US462123A US2444418A (en) 1942-10-15 1942-10-15 High-frequency electronic device

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2607019A (en) * 1948-05-29 1952-08-12 Rca Corp Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type
US2624862A (en) * 1945-05-09 1953-01-06 Everhart Edgar Tunable strapped magnetron
US3046444A (en) * 1959-04-28 1962-07-24 Raytheon Co Magnetrons
US3176188A (en) * 1960-10-28 1965-03-30 Gen Electric Mixed lines crossed fields oscillator or amplifier
GB2377816A (en) * 2001-07-14 2003-01-22 Marconi Applied Techn Ltd Magnetron with increases stability

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB739092A (en) * 1953-02-07 1955-10-26 Emi Ltd Improvements in or relating to magnetron valves
NL90563C (fr) * 1954-06-21

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB445084A (en) * 1934-08-21 1936-04-02 Telefunken Gmbh Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices
US2063342A (en) * 1934-12-08 1936-12-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2128237A (en) * 1934-12-24 1938-08-30 Pintsch Julius Kg Vacuum discharge tube
US2147159A (en) * 1937-04-17 1939-02-14 Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa Magnetron oscillator and detector
US2163589A (en) * 1935-06-20 1939-06-27 Pintsch Julius Kg Electron tube
US2167201A (en) * 1935-06-28 1939-07-25 Pintsch Julius Kg Electron tube
US2187149A (en) * 1938-03-29 1940-01-16 Telefunken Gmbh Magnetron
US2244747A (en) * 1938-05-24 1941-06-10 Beard Of Trustees Of The Lelan Thermionic vacuum tube and circuits
US2348986A (en) * 1940-10-24 1944-05-16 Rca Corp Resonant cavity magnetron
US2408235A (en) * 1941-12-31 1946-09-24 Raytheon Mfg Co High efficiency magnetron
US2408903A (en) * 1943-06-12 1946-10-08 Sylvania Electric Prod Ultra high frequency generator

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB445084A (en) * 1934-08-21 1936-04-02 Telefunken Gmbh Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices
US2063342A (en) * 1934-12-08 1936-12-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2128237A (en) * 1934-12-24 1938-08-30 Pintsch Julius Kg Vacuum discharge tube
US2163589A (en) * 1935-06-20 1939-06-27 Pintsch Julius Kg Electron tube
US2167201A (en) * 1935-06-28 1939-07-25 Pintsch Julius Kg Electron tube
US2147159A (en) * 1937-04-17 1939-02-14 Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa Magnetron oscillator and detector
US2187149A (en) * 1938-03-29 1940-01-16 Telefunken Gmbh Magnetron
US2244747A (en) * 1938-05-24 1941-06-10 Beard Of Trustees Of The Lelan Thermionic vacuum tube and circuits
US2348986A (en) * 1940-10-24 1944-05-16 Rca Corp Resonant cavity magnetron
US2408235A (en) * 1941-12-31 1946-09-24 Raytheon Mfg Co High efficiency magnetron
US2408903A (en) * 1943-06-12 1946-10-08 Sylvania Electric Prod Ultra high frequency generator

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2624862A (en) * 1945-05-09 1953-01-06 Everhart Edgar Tunable strapped magnetron
US2607019A (en) * 1948-05-29 1952-08-12 Rca Corp Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type
US3046444A (en) * 1959-04-28 1962-07-24 Raytheon Co Magnetrons
US3176188A (en) * 1960-10-28 1965-03-30 Gen Electric Mixed lines crossed fields oscillator or amplifier
GB2377816A (en) * 2001-07-14 2003-01-22 Marconi Applied Techn Ltd Magnetron with increases stability
GB2377816B (en) * 2001-07-14 2006-02-01 Marconi Applied Techn Ltd Magnetrons

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FR955730A (fr) 1950-01-19
BE480701A (fr)

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