US2444242A - Magnetron - Google Patents

Magnetron Download PDF

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Publication number
US2444242A
US2444242A US442345A US44234542A US2444242A US 2444242 A US2444242 A US 2444242A US 442345 A US442345 A US 442345A US 44234542 A US44234542 A US 44234542A US 2444242 A US2444242 A US 2444242A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
anode
elements
magnetron
gaps
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US442345A
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English (en)
Inventor
John P Blewett
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General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR954568D priority Critical patent/FR954568A/fr
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US442345A priority patent/US2444242A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2444242A publication Critical patent/US2444242A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/60—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that prevents any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode; Linear magnetrons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in high frequency. electronic devices of the magnetron type.
  • a known type of magnetron employs a cylindrical array of mutually spaced anodes grouped about a centrally located emissive filament or cathode.
  • the emitted electrons are subjected to a magnetic field and their resultant gyrations about. the cathode produce high frequency oscillatory voltages across the gaps separating the various anodes.
  • magnetrons of this class tend to be somewhat unstable in operation. This is a result of the fact that at least certain of the electrons emitted from the cathode tend to return to the cathode with increased energy derived from the high frequency field which exists in the interelectrode space. The dissipation of this energy at the cathode surface raises the temperature of the cathode and increases its emissivity, this process being sometimes cumulative to such an extent that the cathode is destroyed. Even in cases where the cathode is not destroyed, the resultant variations in electron current causean objectionable change in the properties of the magnetron as a whole.
  • this is accomplished by the provision of a cathode struc-- ture of such form that the emissive component is exposed to insufiicient bombardment materially to affect its emitting properties.
  • a particular cathode construction which serves this purpose has the further advantage of raising the operating eillciency of the magnetron as a whole.
  • Fig. l is a longitudinal section of a magnetron device suitably embodying the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a ⁇ 850M011 taken on line 2--2 of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view illustrating in detail the construction of a portion of the cathode of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic external view of the device of Fig. 1 and serves to illustrate the circuit connections for the device
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a modified application of the-invention
  • Fig. l is a longitudinal section of a magnetron device suitably embodying the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a ⁇ 850M011 taken on line 2--2 of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view illustrating in detail the construction of a portion of the cathode of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic external view of the device of Fig. 1 and serves to illustrate the circuit connections for the device
  • Fig. 5 is
  • FIG. 6 is a section in another plane of the device of Fig. 5.
  • a magnetron device which comprises an elongated cylindrical envelope l0 constituted of glass.
  • This includes an anode structure comprising two semi-cylindrical metallic elements l2 and I3 whichare arranged in opposed relation so as to provide a cylindrical array.
  • elements l2 and I2 are mutually spaced to provide gaps I4 and I5 between them and are respectfully supported by conductors l6 and H which extend through the extremity of the envelope l0. 7
  • a cathode assembly which in the first instance includes a pair of flanged, semi-cylindrical conductive (e. g. metallic) parts l8 and I! which conform generally to the shape and disposition of the anode elements [2 and I3.
  • the parts I and H are respectively supported by conductors 22 and 23 which extend through the lower extremity of the envelope Ill.
  • the conductive cathode parts it and I! are mutually spaced to provide gaps 25 and 28 between them and in these gaps there are located electron emissive filaments 28 and 29 arranged in parallelism with one another.
  • the filaments are joinedv at one extremity by means of a conductive cross-bar 3
  • Tension is applied to each filament by means of coil springs 31. 38, respectively, connected between the filaments and their associated leadin conductors.
  • a center tap connection for the filament combination is provided by means of a conductor 40 which is joined to the cross-bar 3
  • Fig. 4 The circuit connections of the various electrode elements so far referred to are indicated in Fig. 4. As appears in this figure, heating current is supplied to the filament conductors 34 and 35 by means of a battery 46 connected between them. The center point of the battery which has its positive terminal connected to av conductive cross bar. 5
  • a magnetic field is produced parallel to the various interelectrode gaps by means of a coil 55 which surrounds the envelope ill in a region coextensive with the electrode system.
  • This coil is energized by the, application of a unidirectional potential.
  • the frequency of the oscillating voltage thus obtained may be controlled by proper adJustment of the circuit means interconnecting the anode elements. In the illustrated construction, this may be done by adjusting the location of the cross bar 5
  • An improvement in the efliclency of the device as a whole can be realized by connecting the cathode parts l8 and IS in such fashion that they are adapted to follow the oscillations of the anode elements l2 and I3. This maybe accomplished for example, by locating the shortcircuiting conductor 49 (Fig. 4) at such a place that the combined eifect of the cathode and anode circuits is to produce resonance at the 9, 1 942, now Patent 2,428,612, issued October '7. 194
  • the operating elements of thedevice are enclosed within a cylindrical metal container 80 and include a cathode assembly made up of an activated filament ii and a flanged plate i2, theiilament and plate being directly connected as indicated at N in Fig. 8.
  • a collector 85 for the electrons emitted by the filament is provided at one end of the cathode assembly. being connected to an anode structure to be described in the following.
  • a series of eyelet seals 86 are provided for the purpose of supplying potential to the various electrode elements enclosed by the container 80.
  • the anode structure is formed of a unitary rectangular block ll of conductive metal such as copper and is provided at the edge which faces the cathode assembly with a series of mutually displaced slots 10 to 13. These serve the double function of dividing the structure into a series of independent anode elements and of providing space resonant cavities between adiacent elements. These cavities, which are defined by the opposed metallic surfaces of the high frequency alternating voltages may be developed between the adjacent anode elements.
  • the various resonant systems thus provided are inherently coupled to one another so that their action is mutually reinforced.
  • the emissive filament II which lies in a semi-cylindrical depression provided near one extremity of the plate 82.
  • a unidirectional potential is impressed between the cathode and anode structures from an external source (not shown) and a magnetic field parallel to the gaps 10 to I3 is provided by an external magnet having poles l5 and 18 (Fig. 6).
  • a coupling loop 19 which is terminally connected to the anode structure as indicated at 8.0 and which is brought out through the wall of the container '60 through a conductive tube (e. g. a transmission line) illustrated at 82.
  • a glass bead 83 sealed into the tube preserves the v acuum within the container.
  • a magnetron device comprising an anode tron emissive element in said gap, and magneticmeans adjacent said structure for producing a magnetic field in the space between the said anode structure and the said cathode assembly and in a direction'parallel to said gaps.
  • a magnetron device comprising an anode structure includingan array of anode elements which are mutually spaced apart providing gaps between them, a cathode system adjacent to the said anode structure comprising a plurality of I spaced conductive parts which correspond in number and arrangement to the said anode elements, means included in said cathode system for supplying electrons to the space between said anode elements and said conductive parts, means resonant at'a desired operating frequency inter connecting the anode elements, and means interconnecting the said conductive parts and resonant at'said frequency.
  • a magnetron device comprising an anode structure including an array oi. anode elements which are mutually spaced providing gaps between them, a conductive structure having a surface opposed to said anode structure and conarray, said conductive structure being divided into spaced parts which correspond in number .be maintained at the same direct current potential as said conductive structure during op-' eration oi the device, means interconnectin the said anode elements, and further means interconnecting the said conductive parts, both a forming approximately to the shape of said said interconnecting means being resonant at a desired operating frequency.
  • An electron discharge device of the magnetron type comprising spaced anode elements defining a plurality of mutually parallel gap therebetween, a cathode assembly comprising a conductive structure opposed to said anode elements and having a surface substantially coextensive with the said elements, said structure" having an opening parallel to and substantially coextensive with the longitudinal dimension of said gaps, and an elongated thermionically emissive filament within said opening constituting an electron emisive source parallel to and coextensive with the longitudinal dimension of said gaps for supplying electrons to the space between said structure and said anode elements, said filament constituting a component of the said-cathode assembly but providing only a minor fraction of the-total area thereof, and magnetic means adJ'acent said structureto produce a magnetic field in the space between said anode elements and cathode assembly in a direction parallel to said gum 5.
  • An electron discharge device of the magnetron type comprising an anode structure including a plurality of mutually spaced anode elements defining a plurality of mutually parallel gaps therebetween, a cathode assembly comprising a conductive structure opposed to said anode elements and having a surface substantially parallel to and coextensive with said anode elements, and an elongated thermionically emissive cathode element adjacent said member parallel to and substantially coextensive with the longitudinal dimension of said gaps for supplying electrons to the space between said conductive structure and said elements, said anode elements, said conductive structure and said cathode element being substantially coextensive in length and said cathode element being of small area compared to the area of said conductive structure whereby a substantial proportion of electrons returning from said anode elements to said cathode assembly may-be intercepted by said conductive structure and-thereby prevented from bombarding said cathode element, and magnetic means adjacent said structure to produce a magnetic fleld in the

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US442345A 1942-05-09 1942-05-09 Magnetron Expired - Lifetime US2444242A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR954568D FR954568A (fr) 1942-05-09
US442345A US2444242A (en) 1942-05-09 1942-05-09 Magnetron

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US442345A US2444242A (en) 1942-05-09 1942-05-09 Magnetron

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US2444242A true US2444242A (en) 1948-06-29

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FR (1) FR954568A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2508280A (en) * 1944-02-01 1950-05-16 "Patelhold" Patentverwertungs- & Elektro-Holding A.-G. Electron tube
US2511407A (en) * 1947-01-09 1950-06-13 Csf Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type
US2686272A (en) * 1951-02-08 1954-08-10 Int Standard Electric Corp Thermionic cathode
US2736838A (en) * 1951-04-03 1956-02-28 Richard B Nelson Starting apparatus for a cold cathode electron discharge device
US2745039A (en) * 1943-05-04 1956-05-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra-high frequency electronic device
US2784346A (en) * 1950-01-28 1957-03-05 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US5750484A (en) * 1994-06-29 1998-05-12 Ecolab Inc. Composition and improved pH driven method for wastewater separation using an amphoteric carboxylate and a cationic destabilizer composition

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT103231B (de) * 1924-02-21 1926-04-26 Kohlentechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Natriumbikarbonat und Salmiak.
US1791973A (en) * 1928-12-05 1931-02-10 Perryman Electric Co Inc Direction finder
US2073599A (en) * 1935-01-30 1937-03-09 Rca Corp Electric discharge device
US2096817A (en) * 1936-05-26 1937-10-26 Rca Corp High frequency oscillator
US2143146A (en) * 1936-10-31 1939-01-10 Farnsworth Television Inc Repeater
US2151766A (en) * 1937-08-24 1939-03-28 Telefunken Gmbh Magnetron
US2157585A (en) * 1936-07-25 1939-05-09 Rca Corp Electric discharge device
US2158114A (en) * 1936-11-21 1939-05-16 Telefunken Gmbh Ultra-high frequency multiplier
US2233779A (en) * 1935-11-30 1941-03-04 Telefunken Gmbh Electron discharge device
US2235517A (en) * 1937-11-25 1941-03-18 Fides Gmbh Magnetron
US2288812A (en) * 1939-09-30 1942-07-07 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US2400770A (en) * 1941-12-24 1946-05-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Cathode for magnetron devices

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT103231B (de) * 1924-02-21 1926-04-26 Kohlentechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Natriumbikarbonat und Salmiak.
US1791973A (en) * 1928-12-05 1931-02-10 Perryman Electric Co Inc Direction finder
US2073599A (en) * 1935-01-30 1937-03-09 Rca Corp Electric discharge device
US2233779A (en) * 1935-11-30 1941-03-04 Telefunken Gmbh Electron discharge device
US2096817A (en) * 1936-05-26 1937-10-26 Rca Corp High frequency oscillator
US2157585A (en) * 1936-07-25 1939-05-09 Rca Corp Electric discharge device
US2143146A (en) * 1936-10-31 1939-01-10 Farnsworth Television Inc Repeater
US2158114A (en) * 1936-11-21 1939-05-16 Telefunken Gmbh Ultra-high frequency multiplier
US2151766A (en) * 1937-08-24 1939-03-28 Telefunken Gmbh Magnetron
US2235517A (en) * 1937-11-25 1941-03-18 Fides Gmbh Magnetron
US2288812A (en) * 1939-09-30 1942-07-07 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US2400770A (en) * 1941-12-24 1946-05-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Cathode for magnetron devices

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2745039A (en) * 1943-05-04 1956-05-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra-high frequency electronic device
US2508280A (en) * 1944-02-01 1950-05-16 "Patelhold" Patentverwertungs- & Elektro-Holding A.-G. Electron tube
US2511407A (en) * 1947-01-09 1950-06-13 Csf Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type
US2784346A (en) * 1950-01-28 1957-03-05 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US2686272A (en) * 1951-02-08 1954-08-10 Int Standard Electric Corp Thermionic cathode
US2736838A (en) * 1951-04-03 1956-02-28 Richard B Nelson Starting apparatus for a cold cathode electron discharge device
US5750484A (en) * 1994-06-29 1998-05-12 Ecolab Inc. Composition and improved pH driven method for wastewater separation using an amphoteric carboxylate and a cationic destabilizer composition

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Publication number Publication date
FR954568A (fr) 1950-01-03

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