US24429A - Improvement in compositions for cementing iron - Google Patents
Improvement in compositions for cementing iron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US24429A US24429A US24429DA US24429A US 24429 A US24429 A US 24429A US 24429D A US24429D A US 24429DA US 24429 A US24429 A US 24429A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- cementing
- compositions
- improvement
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000219492 Quercus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016976 Quercus macrolepis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
- C23C8/64—Carburising
- C23C8/66—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- iron, or other material commence by spreading a layer of the mixture on the bottom and interstratify the articles of iron to be operated upon with the mixture till the furnace is charged, taking care to assort the various articles, so as to insure the required uniformity of treatment. Ithen close and lute with fire-clay, so as to prevent access of air, and apply heat externally, testing from time to time by means of trial-pieces, which can be removed at pleasure.
- I study to regulate the external heat so as to preserve an equable and not too elevated temperature.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JOB JOHNSON, OF EAST BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO CHAS. D.
AROHIBALD, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.
IMPROVEMENT IN COMPOSITIONS FOR CEME-NTING IRON.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 24,429, dated J une 14, 1859.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, J 013 J OHNSON, of East Brooklyn, Long Island, in the State of New York, have invented a cementing powder or mixture for cementing, converting, refining,
'divided and a like quantity of charcoal, of
which I prefer oak. I then mix these ingredients intimately and expose them to the in-- fiuence of the weather for one, two, or more days, according to the hygrometric condition of the atmosphere, dry weather being most favorable. I then take any convenient form of cementing or converting furnace, of brick,
iron, or other material, andv commence by spreading a layer of the mixture on the bottom and interstratify the articles of iron to be operated upon with the mixture till the furnace is charged, taking care to assort the various articles, so as to insure the required uniformity of treatment. Ithen close and lute with fire-clay, so as to prevent access of air, and apply heat externally, testing from time to time by means of trial-pieces, which can be removed at pleasure. When I find that the process has well commenced I study to regulate the external heat so as to preserve an equable and not too elevated temperature. By this means and process I am enabled to give to iron entirely new properties and qualities, as well as to convert, or partially convert, it into steel at pleasure. Iron subjected to this treatment assumes great rigidity and hardness without losing its property of malleability and ductility. Shafting, piston-rods, axles, journals, and such like may be hardened and strengthened by an exterior coating of steel, possessing all the properties of cast-steel, while the interior retains all its fibrous structure. In like manner railway bars and wheels, chains, anchors, anvils, and large articles generally may be hardened and strengthened to any required extent, while smaller articles-such as axes, hammers, files, rivets, wire rods, horeshoes, keys, &c.may
' be finished in iron and then converted, or
partially converted, into steel without impairing their forms or requiring reconstruction. This process also gives to iron the property of resisting oxidation in a high degree, and,
among other things, is most important in its application to preparing plates for ship-building, boilers, bridges, and other like purposes.
The rationale of my process I believe to be capable of explanation upon well-known scientitic facts and grounds. The important part that carbon plays in the conversion of ironinto steel is at the bottom of all existing modes of operating; and in making use of quicklime I have a ready means of fixing this element in its purest and most convenient formnamely, by absorption of carbonic acid fromthe atmosphere. At all events, I find that no other substance with Which I am acquainted is capable of supplying this agent with such successful results, and lime, therefore, in its purest and most active condition is an essential ingredient of my process.
It is a well-known fact that the Danemora iron of Sweden, which furnishes the best steel, contains a notable quantity of phosphorusto such an extent, indeed, that when bent or twisted at a dull-red heat it gives out a strong odor of phosphorus. From this and other facts Brande and other practical chemists maintain that the presence of phosphorus is essential to the production of first-rate steel, and my own experience leads me to the same conclusion. For this reason I add to my mixture bone-dust, in which the phosphorus exists in the form of basic phosphate, and either enters into combination with the iron or by catalytic action aids in accomplishing the desired result. It is deserving of notice that the mixture may be used again and again, care being taken to expose it to the influence of the atmosphere after every operation, in order that the carbonic acid may be restored. I usually add lime.
I do not claim the use of lime, bone-dust, and charcoal in any definite proportions, but vary them according to the nature of the operations and the desired results.
I disclaim the use of any other ingredients which have heretofore been used in cements in combination with the above or any of them; but
What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
The combination and use of lime, bone-dust, and charcoal, in the manner and for the purposes substantially herein described.
Witnesses: JOB JOHNSON.
J. A. OOoNNoR, JOHN S. Brsnor.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US24429A true US24429A (en) | 1859-06-14 |
Family
ID=2092531
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US24429D Expired - Lifetime US24429A (en) | Improvement in compositions for cementing iron |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US24429A (en) |
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0
- US US24429D patent/US24429A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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