US2440303A - Increasing the resistance of red phosphorus to oxidation - Google Patents

Increasing the resistance of red phosphorus to oxidation Download PDF

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US2440303A
US2440303A US410055A US41005541A US2440303A US 2440303 A US2440303 A US 2440303A US 410055 A US410055 A US 410055A US 41005541 A US41005541 A US 41005541A US 2440303 A US2440303 A US 2440303A
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red phosphorus
oxidation
increasing
resistance
phosphorus
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Martin S Silverstein
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/003—Phosphorus
    • C01B25/006—Stabilisation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to red phosphorus and in particular to a method of treating the same to inhibit oxidation processes.
  • red phosphorus in small arms primer compositions mixed with such substances as barium nitrate, antimony sulfide and lead peroxide. positions have been found to offer the advantages of giving uniform ballistic results as Well as being non-corrosive. Red phosphorus is also extensively used for match heads as well as in striking surfaces for matches.
  • the present invention has to do with a method for retarding this oxidation process.
  • the method comprises the addition to the red phosphorus of either a solid aliphatic alcohol or a solid phenol containing one or more hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure.
  • one variation of the method comprises adding to red phosphorus 5% of its weight of mannitol in the form of a 5% aqueous solution. The mixture is well blended and is dried in a vacuum and is then ready for use.
  • Typical of the solid aliphatic alcohols that may be used in practicing the invention are erythritol, arabitol, mannitol and sorbitol and aldols such as dextrose. Inositol or hexahydroxycyclohexane is typical of the cyclealiphatic compounds which may be used. Suitable aromatic compounds which may be used include, phenol, cresol, resorcinol and phloroglucinol.
  • red phosphorus oxidizes to an undesirable degree even in the absence of added oxidizing agents.
  • the present invention is therefore useful regardless of whether the red phosphorus is to be compounded with other agents or used per se.
  • a method for rendering red phosphorus resistant to oxidation which comprises adding a small amount of mannitol to the phosphorus.
  • a method for rendering red phosphorus resistant to oxidation which comprises adding to the phosphorus approximately 5% of its weight of mannitol in the form of an approximately 5% aqueous solution and drying the product.
  • a substantially dry oxidation resistant composition comprising red phosphorus and a small quantity of mannitol.
  • a substantially dry oxidation resistant composition comprising red phosphorus and approximately 5% of its weight of mannitol.

Description

Patented Apr. 27, 1948 iJNl S'HES 1N C%EASING THE RESISTANCE F RED PHGSEHORUS TO OIUDATION Martin S. Siiverstein, Camden, N. J.
No Drawing. Application September 8, 1941,
Serial No. 410,055
4 Claims.
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes, without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.
This invention relates to red phosphorus and in particular to a method of treating the same to inhibit oxidation processes.
It has been proposed to use red phosphorus in small arms primer compositions mixed with such substances as barium nitrate, antimony sulfide and lead peroxide. positions have been found to offer the advantages of giving uniform ballistic results as Well as being non-corrosive. Red phosphorus is also extensively used for match heads as well as in striking surfaces for matches.
However, when compounded with oxidizing agents the phosphorus is exposed to increased oxidation effects. During such oxidation there is produced a liquid which is probably an aqueous solution of phosphorous acids and probably, ultimately, phosphoric acid. It is the presence of this liquid which is disadvantageous to the aforementioned uses of red phosphorus in that it renders the phosphorus more diflicult to ignite.
The present invention has to do with a method for retarding this oxidation process. The method comprises the addition to the red phosphorus of either a solid aliphatic alcohol or a solid phenol containing one or more hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure. For example, one variation of the method comprises adding to red phosphorus 5% of its weight of mannitol in the form of a 5% aqueous solution. The mixture is well blended and is dried in a vacuum and is then ready for use.
Typical of the solid aliphatic alcohols that may be used in practicing the invention are erythritol, arabitol, mannitol and sorbitol and aldols such as dextrose. Inositol or hexahydroxycyclohexane is typical of the cyclealiphatic compounds which may be used. Suitable aromatic compounds which may be used include, phenol, cresol, resorcinol and phloroglucinol.
In general, those compounds in which the hydroxy groups form a large percentage of the molecule and which are non-volatile are preferred. Thus among the best results have been obtained with mannitol, dextrose and phloroglucinol.
By the use of organic compounds whose structure contains one or more hydroxyl groups it has been possible to reduce the oxidation of red phosphorus by amounts ranging from 39% to 92% of its original value.
'Mli Such primer com While certain uses of red phosphorus have been enumerated and a specific method of treatment described, it is to be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited thereby,
5 but only within the scope of the appended claims, since other uses and specific methods will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
It has also been found that red phosphorus oxidizes to an undesirable degree even in the absence of added oxidizing agents. The present invention is therefore useful regardless of whether the red phosphorus is to be compounded with other agents or used per se.
I claim:
1. A method for rendering red phosphorus resistant to oxidation which comprises adding a small amount of mannitol to the phosphorus.
2. A method for rendering red phosphorus resistant to oxidation which comprises adding to the phosphorus approximately 5% of its weight of mannitol in the form of an approximately 5% aqueous solution and drying the product.
3. A substantially dry oxidation resistant composition comprising red phosphorus and a small quantity of mannitol.
4. A substantially dry oxidation resistant composition comprising red phosphorus and approximately 5% of its weight of mannitol.
3o MARTIN :S. SILVERSTEIN.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
Mellor, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, vol. 8, page 790, Longmans, Green & C0., New York, (1928).
Kausch, Phosphor, Phosphorsaure and Phosphate, pages 31, 37, Berlin (1929).
Eynon et a1., Starch, Heifer & Sons, Cambridge, page 197 (1928).
Websters New International Dictionary, Second edition (1941), page 1067.
US410055A 1941-09-08 1941-09-08 Increasing the resistance of red phosphorus to oxidation Expired - Lifetime US2440303A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3974260A (en) * 1972-10-11 1976-08-10 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Desensitized free-flowing red phosphorus
US4098872A (en) * 1976-05-19 1978-07-04 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Stabilized red phosphorus and process for making it
WO1989004290A1 (en) * 1987-11-12 1989-05-18 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britanni Phosphine emission inhibition
EP2664602A3 (en) * 2012-05-14 2014-10-01 UPL Limited Coated particulate phosphorus, compositions and products containing the same and preparation methods

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US592227A (en) * 1897-10-26 Office
GB189906818A (en) * 1899-03-29 1900-03-24 Silvanus Phillips Thompson Improvements in Treating Amorphous Phosphorus.

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US592227A (en) * 1897-10-26 Office
GB189906818A (en) * 1899-03-29 1900-03-24 Silvanus Phillips Thompson Improvements in Treating Amorphous Phosphorus.

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3974260A (en) * 1972-10-11 1976-08-10 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Desensitized free-flowing red phosphorus
US4098872A (en) * 1976-05-19 1978-07-04 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Stabilized red phosphorus and process for making it
WO1989004290A1 (en) * 1987-11-12 1989-05-18 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britanni Phosphine emission inhibition
GB2232974A (en) * 1987-11-12 1991-01-02 Secr Defence Phosphine emission inhibition
GB2232974B (en) * 1987-11-12 1991-11-13 Secr Defence Phosphine inhibition
EP2664602A3 (en) * 2012-05-14 2014-10-01 UPL Limited Coated particulate phosphorus, compositions and products containing the same and preparation methods

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