US2439908A - Tuning means for electron discharge devices - Google Patents

Tuning means for electron discharge devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US2439908A
US2439908A US503189A US50318943A US2439908A US 2439908 A US2439908 A US 2439908A US 503189 A US503189 A US 503189A US 50318943 A US50318943 A US 50318943A US 2439908 A US2439908 A US 2439908A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
collar
resonator
electron discharge
expansion
struts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US503189A
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English (en)
Inventor
William W Rigrod
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE471464D priority Critical patent/BE471464A/xx
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US503189A priority patent/US2439908A/en
Priority to GB2890/47A priority patent/GB632948A/en
Priority to FR942610D priority patent/FR942610A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2439908A publication Critical patent/US2439908A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
    • H01J21/02—Tubes with a single discharge path
    • H01J21/06—Tubes with a single discharge path having electrostatic control means only
    • H01J21/08—Tubes with a single discharge path having electrostatic control means only with movable electrode or electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H01J25/24—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is in the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron discharge devices and is exemplified in the present disclosure as embodied in a device available in the market under the trade name of Klystron" which is one form of utilizing a beam of electrons and with a resonant cavity for producing the high frequency oscillation.
  • a "Klystron Due to the wide range of ambient temperatures C. to +60 C.) under which a "Klystron must operate, for instance as a local U. H. F. oscillator, its copper parts undergo pronounced thermal contractions and expansions which cause the operating frequency to vary considerably. A typical test showed a frequency shift of 19 megacycles per second.
  • a "Klystron utilizes a hollow body resonator having a constricted gap between the hollow thereof and the passageway for the electron beam. This gap spacing is highly critical in determining the resonant frequency of the device, as the spacing determines most of the distributed equivalent capacitance of the cavity. In fact, advantage is taken of this critical spacing by varying it slightly for tuning purposes.
  • the constriction varies in size or spacing as the result of variation in ambient temperature.
  • Increase in ambient temperature leads to expansion of parts which control the gap opening of the constriction decreasing the gap opening with a corresponding increase in the equivalent capacitance of the cavity and hence a decrease in the operating frequency of the Klystron.
  • the invention seeks to overcome the detrimental effects of ambient temperature in a device of the character indicated.
  • an object of the invention is to provide compensating means for de-tuning effects of external temperature changes in a beam-type electron discharge device.
  • an object of the invention ultra high frequency device g is to maintain the gap opening of the constric tion of a beam-type electron discharge device substantially constant under external or ambient temperature variations of a considerable range.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a. compensatin means for de-tuning effects of temperature changes in a beam-type electron iischarge devicewhich is applicable to such devices as heretofore manufactured.
  • a further object of the invention is to proide a temperature compensating strut.
  • a still further object of the invention is to a body of revolution about an axis.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation of an electron discharge device of the character indicated showing the invention incorporated therein;
  • Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
  • the reference numeral l0 designates an electron discharge device of the beam type, and more specifically a K13!- stron and shown as constructed in general as
  • the usual structural features of such a device comprise a cathode II, in a plane normal to the axis, at a distance from which is disposed a reflector l2 also transverse to the axis, said axis passing through the centers of both the cathode and refiector.
  • a hollow resonant chamber l3 In the region intervening between the cathode and reflector the opposite walls of which transverse to and around the axis are perforate for passing the cathode to the reflector and back again into the.resonator.
  • the perforate parts of the walls, for want of a better term, have been identified in the art as grids, and accordingly in the order of .nearness to the cathode will be here identified as the near grid l4 and far grid l5 of the resonator.
  • a focusing grid IE Between the cathode and said near grid M of the resonator is a focusing grid IE, it being situated as close as electrically and mechanically feasible to the cathode.
  • This focusing grid l6 and said near grid M are mounted in opposite ends of a tube or collar H the end of which at the focusing grid having an outwardly directed flange I8 therearound.
  • Said collar is usually of copper the coefiicient of expansion of which is 17 10- inches per inch per degree centig-rade.
  • a flexible diaphragm I! which constitutes a flexible end wall for the resonant chamber for tuning purposes.
  • the lower end of the collar below said flexible diaphragm is exposed to effects of exterior temperatures.
  • the opposite end wall 20 of the resonant chamber is shown as rigid and fixed, within the resonant chamber and in the plane of the far grid I 5.
  • the fixed end wall is secured within a central hollow in a circular plate or ring 2
  • Collar I! to which the flexible wall of the resonator is attached has its flange l8 seated in a central socket in another circular plate or ring 22.
  • Said plates or rings 21 and 22 are sub-' stantially parallel and equal in size.
  • springs 23 have their opposite endshookedfinto the two plates next their peripheries thereby tending to draw said plates: :towardzeach other; and interposed midway betweenrther; springsa parallel thereto and perpendicular totheplates are struts 24 for holding the plates. apart.
  • three struts are provided all of except that two seat directly in sockets in the movable plate 22 whereas the. third one seatsin a socket in tuning-lever-Zii carried-by said plate. Description of one strut will accordingly suffice for all.
  • strut 2e represents anessential feature-of the present invention.
  • saidstrut comprises essentially two members of which one, called for oonveniencetheadjustingmember or spacer :2 6; is deeply recessed longitudinally to loosely receive the other memben vforrconvenience referred'to herein1as-prop;2'l.
  • the body portion of said prop is elongated; and has its oppositeends recessed to each receivertherstem port-ion, o t ashouldered pin 28 theqouter: endofwlrichhas a rounded tip -with the-shoulder situated between the-stem andtip and extendingglaterally so as-to ride srotatablyson the i end of theib ody portion of Tension which are of like construction.
  • the adjusting member 261s preferably offamaterial having lessexpansionthanpropxfl forr'a given: rise of temperature: Satisfactorymaterials for this member have been found to-be either "of two'materials, namely a'material available inthet market underzthe trade name Kovarf having :a
  • Theradjusting member is shown as :finelyscrew" threaded :on its-exterior at its: end portion-:passa ingthrough.
  • the plate which" is "corresponding-1y threadedqto receiveand holdsaid member;
  • several adjusting members are brought to prop'ers' position during manufacture and-locked :there'at by a lock:nut 29. 011thejEsaid"memBer JneXt the plate.
  • Thissetting ordinarily remains fixed after release of the' device from: theifactory.
  • Theradjusting member is shown as :finelyscrew" threaded :on its-exterior at its: end portion-:passa ingthrough.
  • the plate which" is "corresponding-1y threadedqto receiveand holdsaid member;
  • The? several adjusting members are brought to prop
  • the -mounting" of the adjustingamemberaaor.” spacerby means of threaded engagement withzthe plateandsecuringb'y a lockcnut is;superior to a welded; brazed, soldered or other permanent. or fixed; assembly, because: it'permits :convenientf installation after theKlystron"i has been assem bled; exhausted and sealed: oil; becauserit I admits of factory tuning: with'thevgrids' perfectIyspan'- allel; becausemf. its simple "and cheap const'ruc tion; and because it permits the use of struts of various lengths for any desired grid spacing to be applied in manufacture interchangeably.
  • the latter advantage is of great value in providing equally efiicient temperature compensation at widely different operating frequencies, as well as permitting the use of struts of different materials and of different thermal expansivities.
  • the strut of the present invention is readily applied to Klystrons of prior art construction without materia1 change of the Klystron parts other than the struts.
  • These struts constitute broadly automatic temperature compensated tuning means and have been found from test to maintain substantially constant or perfect frequency stability with ambient temperatures within the range encountered in use approximately from 40 C. to +60 C.
  • An electron discharge device having a hollow body resonator with a fixed end wall, said resonator having a movable collar as a part thereof, said collar having an end thereof within the resonator spaced from and opposing a part of the fixed wall of said resonator and forming thereby a constriction, said collar having an end external of the resonator, plates respectively carrying said external end of the collar and said fixed part of the resonator, springs coupling and tending to draw said plates together and lessen the spacing between said fixed part of the resonator and the collar, and struts secured to one of said plates opposing the spring action and keeping said fixed part and collar spaced, said struts having greater coefiicient of expansion than said collar and automatically compensating for expansion of the collar due to heat in use and thereby maintaining the said spacing between said fixed part and the collar substantially constant under varying heat conditions encountered in use of the device.
  • An electron discharge device having a hollow body resonator with a fixed end wall, said resonator having a movable collar as a part thereof, said collar having an end thereof within the resonator spaced from and opposing a part of the fixed wall of said resonator and forming thereby a constriction, said collar having an end external of the resonator, plates respectively carrying said external end of the collar and said fixed part of the resonator, springs coupling and tending to draw said plates together and lessen the spacing between said fixed part of the resonator and the collar, struts secured to one of said plates opposing the spring action and keeping said fixed part and collar spaced, said struts having greater ooemcient of expansion than said collar and automatically compensating for expansion of the collar due to heat in use and thereby maintaining the said spacing between said fixed part and the collar substantially constant under varying heat conditions encountered in use of the device, and a tuning control under one of said struts for shifting said collar irrespective of the continued functioning of
  • An electron discharge device having a hollow body resonator with a fixed end wall, said resonator having a movable collar as a part thereof, said collar having an end thereof within the resonator spaced from and opposing a part of the fixed wall of said resonator and forming thereby a constriction, said collar having an end external of the resonator, plates respectively carrying said external end of the collar and said fixed part of the resonator, springs coupling and tending to draw said plates together and lessen the spacing between said fixed part of the resonator and the collar, struts secured to one of said plates opposing the spring action and keeping said fixed part and collar spaced, said struts having greater coefficient of expansion than said collar and automatically compensating for expansion of the collar due to heat in use and thereby maintaining the said spacing between said fixed part and the collar substantially constant under varying heat conditions encountered in use of the device, and a tuning lever hinged to the said plate carrying said collar, said lever underlying an end of one strut for prying there

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US503189A 1943-09-21 1943-09-21 Tuning means for electron discharge devices Expired - Lifetime US2439908A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE471464D BE471464A (en, 2012) 1943-09-21
US503189A US2439908A (en) 1943-09-21 1943-09-21 Tuning means for electron discharge devices
GB2890/47A GB632948A (en) 1943-09-21 1947-01-30 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices
FR942610D FR942610A (fr) 1943-09-21 1947-03-03 Appareil à décharge d'électrons

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US503189A US2439908A (en) 1943-09-21 1943-09-21 Tuning means for electron discharge devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2439908A true US2439908A (en) 1948-04-20

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US503189A Expired - Lifetime US2439908A (en) 1943-09-21 1943-09-21 Tuning means for electron discharge devices

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US2439908A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE471464A (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR942610A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB632948A (en, 2012)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2614233A (en) * 1950-09-15 1952-10-14 Wilbur A Joerndt Ruggedized klystron tube
US2900561A (en) * 1953-12-15 1959-08-18 Bendix Aviat Corp Electron discharge device
US2975323A (en) * 1959-06-05 1961-03-14 Varian Associates Electron discharge device of the klystron type
US3048803A (en) * 1959-03-16 1962-08-07 Hughes Aircraft Co Temperature compensated resonant cavity
US3063030A (en) * 1958-12-23 1962-11-06 Raytheon Co Temperature compensated resonant cavities
US3097323A (en) * 1960-12-06 1963-07-09 Varian Associates Tuning device for flexible wall klystron
US3117251A (en) * 1961-01-26 1964-01-07 Varian Associates Deformable wall tuning means for klystrons
US3222565A (en) * 1963-07-12 1965-12-07 Varian Associates High frequency electron discharge device with temperature compensated gap control means
US3225308A (en) * 1964-02-03 1965-12-21 Rfd Inc Temperature compensated resonant cavity structure

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL92067C (en, 2012) * 1953-12-02

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2109880A (en) * 1935-10-30 1938-03-01 Rca Corp Temperature compensation
US2146365A (en) * 1934-12-13 1939-02-07 John C Batchelor Electron emitter
US2183215A (en) * 1937-03-29 1939-12-12 Rca Corp Line resonator and electron discharge device circuit therefor
US2251085A (en) * 1939-03-23 1941-07-29 Rca Corp Short electromagnetic wave oscillatory circuit
US2259690A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency radio apparatus
US2311658A (en) * 1940-07-02 1943-02-23 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency tube structure
US2345642A (en) * 1941-04-24 1944-04-04 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc High frequency tube structure
US2413364A (en) * 1943-06-12 1946-12-31 Sylvania Electric Prod Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2414785A (en) * 1942-01-29 1947-01-21 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc High-frequency tube structure
US2418844A (en) * 1943-04-01 1947-04-15 Raytheon Mfg Co Ultra high frequency tube

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2146365A (en) * 1934-12-13 1939-02-07 John C Batchelor Electron emitter
US2109880A (en) * 1935-10-30 1938-03-01 Rca Corp Temperature compensation
US2183215A (en) * 1937-03-29 1939-12-12 Rca Corp Line resonator and electron discharge device circuit therefor
US2251085A (en) * 1939-03-23 1941-07-29 Rca Corp Short electromagnetic wave oscillatory circuit
US2259690A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency radio apparatus
US2311658A (en) * 1940-07-02 1943-02-23 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency tube structure
US2345642A (en) * 1941-04-24 1944-04-04 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc High frequency tube structure
US2414785A (en) * 1942-01-29 1947-01-21 Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc High-frequency tube structure
US2418844A (en) * 1943-04-01 1947-04-15 Raytheon Mfg Co Ultra high frequency tube
US2413364A (en) * 1943-06-12 1946-12-31 Sylvania Electric Prod Ultra high frequency oscillator

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2614233A (en) * 1950-09-15 1952-10-14 Wilbur A Joerndt Ruggedized klystron tube
US2900561A (en) * 1953-12-15 1959-08-18 Bendix Aviat Corp Electron discharge device
US3063030A (en) * 1958-12-23 1962-11-06 Raytheon Co Temperature compensated resonant cavities
US3048803A (en) * 1959-03-16 1962-08-07 Hughes Aircraft Co Temperature compensated resonant cavity
US2975323A (en) * 1959-06-05 1961-03-14 Varian Associates Electron discharge device of the klystron type
US3097323A (en) * 1960-12-06 1963-07-09 Varian Associates Tuning device for flexible wall klystron
US3117251A (en) * 1961-01-26 1964-01-07 Varian Associates Deformable wall tuning means for klystrons
US3222565A (en) * 1963-07-12 1965-12-07 Varian Associates High frequency electron discharge device with temperature compensated gap control means
US3225308A (en) * 1964-02-03 1965-12-21 Rfd Inc Temperature compensated resonant cavity structure

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Publication number Publication date
GB632948A (en) 1949-12-05
FR942610A (fr) 1949-02-14
BE471464A (en, 2012)

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