US2439820A - Compound lubricants - Google Patents
Compound lubricants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2439820A US2439820A US414977A US41497741A US2439820A US 2439820 A US2439820 A US 2439820A US 414977 A US414977 A US 414977A US 41497741 A US41497741 A US 41497741A US 2439820 A US2439820 A US 2439820A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- phosphorus
- compounds
- reaction product
- sulphide
- metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
Definitions
- the invention comprises the features hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description setting forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments oi. the invention, these being indicative however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principle of the invention may be employed.
- Phosphorus pentasulphide in amount of about 20 per cent is heated with neutral degras at approximately 300 F. for an hour. After separation of sludge, which is largely phosphorus pentoxide, the product, substantially free of phosphorus is reacted with about 5 per cent of arsenic trioxide and about 5 per cent of calcium oxide at a temperature of about 250 F. for an hour. After all constituents are combined, the product is clear. This product may be employed per se in extreme pressure gear usages etc., or it can be mixed with oils, combinations with heavy steam refined lubricating stock for instance giving particularly good results. In general, the amount of the metal compound may be 0.01 to 100 per cent in various usages.
- the metals employed in the reaction may be applied in the form 01' oxides or other convenient reactive compounds, and as indicated above, there are two separate groups or categories.
- the compounds formed from metals below iron or copper in the E. M, E. series, as for example arsenic, antimony, bismuth, chromium, mercury, silver, etc., give products which are particularly protective against attack on metals to which the lubricant is applied, and they are also strikingly resistant against break-down of an oil with which they are incorporated. They may be regarded as antioxidants, using the term in a broad sense, without restricted implication that merely oxygen is the cause of break-down.
- those of metals not exceeding four electron orbits in groups I, II and III of the periodic system as for instance calcium, sodium, potassium, aluminum, zinc, beryllium, magnesium, etc, as well as barium, give products which particularly have a detergent action or cleaning action on metal surfaces.
- Further illustrative advantageous combinations are antimony and aluminum, arsenic and barium, antimony and barium, chromium and calcium, chromium and barium, etc.
- metal compounds may be separately reacted with the reaction product of phosphorus sulphide and wax and the products may then be mixed. Equal portions may be employed, or depending upon the particular usages in view the proportions may be high for either the one type of metal compound or the other, as desired.
- the metal compounds may be applied without oil admixture, as in extreme pressure gear usages, or they may be mixed with oils, in desired amounts; and in general the amounts of the metal compounds may be 0.01 to per cent, according to the usages.
- wax raw material aside from degras, other waxes, as lanolin, carnauba, Japan wax, sperm oil, etc., may be employed, the normally non-liquid waxes being particularly advantageous.
- the sulphide oi phosphorus may be pentasulphide, sesquisulphide, etc., and as indicated the reaction is efiected with heat, usually around 300 F., or somewhat higher or lower in some cases, and generally about an hour is required.
- the second reaction or conversion into the metal compounds also requires heat, as for instance 200 to 300 F., and usually for about an hour.
- a lubricant comprising a lubricating all containing an additive in an amount to improve the stability of the oil under conditions or usage, said additive comprising compounds of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series and or a metal selected from the group consisting of barium and metals having not more than four electron orbits selected from groups I, II and III of the periodic system, and the reaction product of phosphorus pentasulphide and an oxygencontaining wax reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.
- a lubricant comprising a lubricating oil containing an additive in an amount to improve the stability of the oil under conditions of usage, said additive comprising compounds of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. P. series and of a metal selected from the group consisting of barium and metals having not more than four electron orbits selected from groups I, II and III of the periodic system, and the reaction product of phosphorus pentasulphide and degras reacted at a temperature to separate a, phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.
- composition of matter suitable for use as a lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating 011. comprising reacting phosphorus pentasulphide with an oxygen-containing wax at a temperature to convert the phosphorus to an oxide, removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with compounds of a heavy metal selected irom the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. 1''. series and or a metal having not more than six electron orbits selected from groups I, II and III or the periodic system, to form the corresponding metal compounds of said first reaction product.
- a heavy metal selected irom the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. 1''. series and or a metal having not more than six electron orbits selected from groups I, II and III or the periodic system
- composition of matter suitable for use as a. lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oil comprising reacting a sulphide of phos horus with degras at a. temperature to convert the phosphorus to a phosphorus and oxygencontaining compound which separates in a residue removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with compounds of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series and of a metal having not more than six electron orbits selected from groups I, II and III of the periodic system, to form the corresponding metal compounds or said first reaction product.
- composition of matter suitable for use as a, lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oil comprising reacting a sulphide of phosphorus with degras at a temperature to convert the phosphorus to a phosphorus and oxygencontaining compound which separates in a residue removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with compounds ot arsenic and of calcium to form arsenic and calcium compounds of said first reaction product.
- composition of matter suitable for use as a lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oil comprising reacting a sulphide of phosphorus with degras at a temperature to convert the phosphorus to a phosphorus and oxygencontaining compound which separates in a residue removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with compounds of antimonv and of barium to form antimany and barium compounds of said first reaction product.
Description
Patented Apr. 20, 1948 COMPOUND LUBRICANTS John M. Mulseiman,
to The Standard Oil .a corporation of Ohio 8 ti: Euclid, anigno gimp-m, ciev elz'nd, Ohiof No Drawing. Application October 14 1941,
Serial No. 414,071
1 17 Claims.
In the preparation or metal compounds of the reaction product 01. a sulphide of phosphorus on a wax or sterol ester, I have found that the final products fall into two classes, in accordance with the particular metal, the properties and characteristics being of two difierent orders; and combinations of the two groups are of particular utility, providing combinations of properties not realized with compounds of one metal.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention, then, comprises the features hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description setting forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments oi. the invention, these being indicative however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principle of the invention may be employed.
The invention will be best understood by reference to an illustrative example: Phosphorus pentasulphide in amount of about 20 per cent is heated with neutral degras at approximately 300 F. for an hour. After separation of sludge, which is largely phosphorus pentoxide, the product, substantially free of phosphorus is reacted with about 5 per cent of arsenic trioxide and about 5 per cent of calcium oxide at a temperature of about 250 F. for an hour. After all constituents are combined, the product is clear. This product may be employed per se in extreme pressure gear usages etc., or it can be mixed with oils, combinations with heavy steam refined lubricating stock for instance giving particularly good results. In general, the amount of the metal compound may be 0.01 to 100 per cent in various usages.
The metals employed in the reaction may be applied in the form 01' oxides or other convenient reactive compounds, and as indicated above, there are two separate groups or categories. The compounds formed from metals below iron or copper in the E. M, E. series, as for example arsenic, antimony, bismuth, chromium, mercury, silver, etc., give products which are particularly protective against attack on metals to which the lubricant is applied, and they are also strikingly resistant against break-down of an oil with which they are incorporated. They may be regarded as antioxidants, using the term in a broad sense, without restricted implication that merely oxygen is the cause of break-down. The other metal compounds, viz. those of metals not exceeding four electron orbits in groups I, II and III of the periodic system, as for instance calcium, sodium, potassium, aluminum, zinc, beryllium, magnesium, etc, as well as barium, give products which particularly have a detergent action or cleaning action on metal surfaces. Further illustrative advantageous combinations are antimony and aluminum, arsenic and barium, antimony and barium, chromium and calcium, chromium and barium, etc.
Instead of simultaneously reacting both metals with the reaction product of phosphorus sulphide and wax, th respective metals may be separately reacted with the reaction product of phosphorus sulphide and wax and the products may then be mixed. Equal portions may be employed, or depending upon the particular usages in view the proportions may be high for either the one type of metal compound or the other, as desired. The metal compounds may be applied without oil admixture, as in extreme pressure gear usages, or they may be mixed with oils, in desired amounts; and in general the amounts of the metal compounds may be 0.01 to per cent, according to the usages.
As the wax raw material, aside from degras, other waxes, as lanolin, carnauba, Japan wax, sperm oil, etc., may be employed, the normally non-liquid waxes being particularly advantageous. The sulphide oi phosphorus may be pentasulphide, sesquisulphide, etc., and as indicated the reaction is efiected with heat, usually around 300 F., or somewhat higher or lower in some cases, and generally about an hour is required. The second reaction or conversion into the metal compounds also requires heat, as for instance 200 to 300 F., and usually for about an hour.
Other modes of applying the principle of the invention may be employed, change being made as regards the details described, provided the fea. tures stated in any of the following claims or the equivalent of such, be employed.
I therefore particularly point out and distinctly -.claim as my invention:
1. Compounds oi a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series and of a metal selected from the group consisting of barium and metals having not more-than tour electron orbits 3 selected from groups I, II and III oi the periodic system, and the reaction product a sulphide oi phosphorus and an oxygen-containing wax reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and omen-containing residue.
2. A lubricant comprising a lubricating all containing an additive in an amount to improve the stability of the oil under conditions or usage, said additive comprising compounds of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series and or a metal selected from the group consisting of barium and metals having not more than four electron orbits selected from groups I, II and III of the periodic system, and the reaction product of phosphorus pentasulphide and an oxygencontaining wax reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.
3. Compounds of arsenic and of calcium and the reaction product of a. sulphide of phosphorus and an oxygen-containing wax reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygencontaining residue.
4. Compounds of antimony and of barium, and the reaction product or a sulphide of phosphorus and an oxygen-containing wax reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.
5. Compounds of chromium and of barium. and the reaction product of a. sulphide oi, phosphorus and an oxygen-containing wax reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen containing residue.
6. Compounds of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series and of a metal selected from the group consisting of barium and metals having not more than four electron orbits selected from groups I, II and III of the periodic system, and the reaction product oi a sulphide of phosphorus and degras reacted at a, temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.
'7. A lubricant comprising a lubricating oil containing an additive in an amount to improve the stability of the oil under conditions of usage, said additive comprising compounds of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. P. series and of a metal selected from the group consisting of barium and metals having not more than four electron orbits selected from groups I, II and III of the periodic system, and the reaction product of phosphorus pentasulphide and degras reacted at a temperature to separate a, phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.
8. Compounds of arsenic and of calcium, and the reaction product of a sulphide of phosphorus and degras reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.
9. Compounds of antimony and of barium, and the reaction product or a sulphide oi phosphorus and degras reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.
10. Compounds of chromium and of barium, and the reaction product of a sulphide or phosphorus and degras reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.
11. Compounds of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series and of a metal having not more than four electron orbits selected from groups LII and III of the periodic system,
4 and the reaction product or a sulphide of phosphorus and an omen-containing wax.
12. The process for making a composition or matter suitable tor use as a lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oi1,comprising reacting a sulphide of phosphorus with an oxygen-containing wax at a temperature to convert the phosphorus to a phosphorus and oxygen-containing compound which separates in a residue removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with compounds of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series and or a. metal having not more than six electron orbits selected from groups I, II and m or the periodic system. to iorm the corresponding metal compounds of said iirst reaction product.
13. The process for making a composition of matter suitable for use as a lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating 011. comprising reacting phosphorus pentasulphide with an oxygen-containing wax at a temperature to convert the phosphorus to an oxide, removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with compounds of a heavy metal selected irom the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. 1''. series and or a metal having not more than six electron orbits selected from groups I, II and III or the periodic system, to form the corresponding metal compounds of said first reaction product.
14. The process for making a composition of matter suitable for use as a. lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oil, comprising reacting a sulphide of phos horus with degras at a. temperature to convert the phosphorus to a phosphorus and oxygencontaining compound which separates in a residue removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with compounds of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series and of a metal having not more than six electron orbits selected from groups I, II and III of the periodic system, to form the corresponding metal compounds or said first reaction product.
15. The process for making a composition of matter suitable for use as a, lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oil, comprising reacting a sulphide of phosphorus with degras at a temperature to convert the phosphorus to a phosphorus and oxygencontaining compound which separates in a residue removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with compounds ot arsenic and of calcium to form arsenic and calcium compounds of said first reaction product.
16. The process for making a composition of matter suitable for use as a lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oil, comprising reacting a sulphide of phosphorus with degras at a temperature to convert the phosphorus to a phosphorus and oxygencontaining compound which separates in a residue removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with compounds of antimonv and of barium to form antimany and barium compounds of said first reaction product.
17. The process for making a composition oi matter suitable for use as a. lubricant or as an REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the 15 file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,237,096 Dearborn Apr. 1, 1941 2,331,923 Musselman Oct. 19, 1943 2,283,445 Reit! Nov. 18, 1941 2,257,751 Lincoln Oct. '7, 1941 2,211,306 Whittier Aug. 13, 1940 1,167,076 Jarlnan June 24, 1930 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 521,656 Great Britain May 28, 1940 OTHER REFERENCES Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Hodgman, 21st ad, page 695.
Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,439,820.
April 20, 1948.
JOHN M. MUSSELMAN It is hereby certified that error appears in the oprinted specification of the above numbered patent requiringccorrection as follows:
ted mm the group consisting of barium and metals; and that the word "metal insert se olumn 3, line 73, claim 11, after the said Letters Patent should e read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.
Signed and sealed this 15th day of June, A. D. 1948.
THOMAS F. MURPHY,
Assistant Commissioner of Patents.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the 15 file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,237,096 Dearborn Apr. 1, 1941 2,331,923 Musselman Oct. 19, 1943 2,283,445 Reit! Nov. 18, 1941 2,257,751 Lincoln Oct. '7, 1941 2,211,306 Whittier Aug. 13, 1940 1,167,076 Jarlnan June 24, 1930 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 521,656 Great Britain May 28, 1940 OTHER REFERENCES Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Hodgman, 21st ad, page 695.
Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,439,820.
April 20, 1948.
JOHN M. MUSSELMAN It is hereby certified that error appears in the oprinted specification of the above numbered patent requiringccorrection as follows:
ted mm the group consisting of barium and metals; and that the word "metal insert se olumn 3, line 73, claim 11, after the said Letters Patent should e read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.
Signed and sealed this 15th day of June, A. D. 1948.
THOMAS F. MURPHY,
Assistant Commissioner of Patents.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US414977A US2439820A (en) | 1941-10-14 | 1941-10-14 | Compound lubricants |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US414977A US2439820A (en) | 1941-10-14 | 1941-10-14 | Compound lubricants |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2439820A true US2439820A (en) | 1948-04-20 |
Family
ID=23643821
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US414977A Expired - Lifetime US2439820A (en) | 1941-10-14 | 1941-10-14 | Compound lubricants |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2439820A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2794716A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1957-06-04 | Ethyl Corp | Fuel antiknock |
| US2794714A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1957-06-04 | Ethyl Corp | Fuel antiknock |
| US2794722A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1957-06-04 | Ethyl Corp | Fuel antiknock |
| US2794715A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1957-06-04 | Ethyl Corp | Fuel antiknock |
| US2914390A (en) * | 1954-02-08 | 1959-11-24 | Standard Oil Co | Fuel for internal combustion engines |
| US3052530A (en) * | 1956-04-02 | 1962-09-04 | Standard Oil Co | Motor fuel |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1767076A (en) * | 1927-02-07 | 1930-06-24 | Lindsay Mcmillan Company | Lubricant and method of producing the same |
| GB521656A (en) * | 1938-11-24 | 1940-05-28 | Mahendra Nath Goswami | Improved means and process for the manufacture of synthetic plastics |
| US2211306A (en) * | 1935-12-19 | 1940-08-13 | Pure Oil Co | Lubricant and method of preparing same |
| US2237096A (en) * | 1939-09-22 | 1941-04-01 | Frederick E Dearborn | Lubricant |
| US2257751A (en) * | 1939-05-24 | 1941-10-07 | Continental Oil Co | Lubricating oil |
| US2263445A (en) * | 1940-04-10 | 1941-11-18 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Mineral oil compositions and improving agent therefor |
| US2331923A (en) * | 1941-01-30 | 1943-10-19 | Standard Oil Co | Preparation of compounds for lubricants, etc. |
-
1941
- 1941-10-14 US US414977A patent/US2439820A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1767076A (en) * | 1927-02-07 | 1930-06-24 | Lindsay Mcmillan Company | Lubricant and method of producing the same |
| US2211306A (en) * | 1935-12-19 | 1940-08-13 | Pure Oil Co | Lubricant and method of preparing same |
| GB521656A (en) * | 1938-11-24 | 1940-05-28 | Mahendra Nath Goswami | Improved means and process for the manufacture of synthetic plastics |
| US2257751A (en) * | 1939-05-24 | 1941-10-07 | Continental Oil Co | Lubricating oil |
| US2237096A (en) * | 1939-09-22 | 1941-04-01 | Frederick E Dearborn | Lubricant |
| US2263445A (en) * | 1940-04-10 | 1941-11-18 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Mineral oil compositions and improving agent therefor |
| US2331923A (en) * | 1941-01-30 | 1943-10-19 | Standard Oil Co | Preparation of compounds for lubricants, etc. |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2794716A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1957-06-04 | Ethyl Corp | Fuel antiknock |
| US2794714A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1957-06-04 | Ethyl Corp | Fuel antiknock |
| US2794722A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1957-06-04 | Ethyl Corp | Fuel antiknock |
| US2794715A (en) * | 1953-08-13 | 1957-06-04 | Ethyl Corp | Fuel antiknock |
| US2914390A (en) * | 1954-02-08 | 1959-11-24 | Standard Oil Co | Fuel for internal combustion engines |
| US3052530A (en) * | 1956-04-02 | 1962-09-04 | Standard Oil Co | Motor fuel |
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