US2436347A - Grease compositions - Google Patents
Grease compositions Download PDFInfo
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- US2436347A US2436347A US570784A US57078444A US2436347A US 2436347 A US2436347 A US 2436347A US 570784 A US570784 A US 570784A US 57078444 A US57078444 A US 57078444A US 2436347 A US2436347 A US 2436347A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M7/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/063—Peroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
- C10M2211/044—Acids; Salts or esters thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/08—Solids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of greases, and more particularly to improvements in low temperature greases.
- low temperature greases In the usual methods of manufacturing low temperature greases, low boiling mineral oil fractions with resultant low flash points and low viscosities are compounded with metallic soaps to form plastic masses, or semi-solid grease compositions. It has been observed that the torque necessary to turn a bearing lubricated by grease is directly proportional to the viscosity of the oil used in the grease at the particular temperature.
- esters of allphatic dibasic acids may be substituted for low boiling mineral oil fractions in the production of low temperature greases.
- esters possess unusually high boiling points and resulting low vapor'pressures at ambient temperatures, high viscosity indices, or low viscosity-temperature coeflicient, extremely low pour points and are relatively stable chemically.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acids suitable for the preparation of the esters used in making the grease compositions of the present invention there may be mentioned malonic, succinic, isosuccinic, glutaric, ethyl maonic, pyro tartaric, adipic, pimelic, su-
- R is a bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical
- R is a bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical such as methylene, polymethylene, ethylidene, propylidene, methyl dimethylene, butenylidene and the like
- R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon radicals such as branched chain alkyl, alkaryi and cyclo alkyl radicals of which secondary butyl, benzyl, cyclo hexanol and secondary octyl phenyl are representative: Isobutyl, 2-ethyl hexyi sebacate is an example of a mixed ester.
- esters may contain additional constituents or functional groups such as Cl, Br, NHa, NHR, NRIRI, CHO, CO, SH, SR, RSSR, ROR, ROMetal,
- the esters may be made by any of the methods for producing esters known to the art.
- a suitable low temperature grease composition may comprise di-2-ethyl hexyl sebacate and disecondary butyl sebacate; with from 6 to 30% of a soap of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metals together with a stabilizer consisting of an amphoteric metal compound, specifically an oxide carbonate or soap of zinc or aluminum.
- the composition may consist of a major proportion, for example 65% or more, of disecondary butyl adipate and di-isopropyl sebacate with 6 to 30% of soap and stabilizer as recited above.
- One suitable method consists of reacting the alcohol with the acid at elevated temperatures in the presence of an esterification catalyst such as sulfuric acid, sulfosalicyclic acid, etc. tion is facilitated by a continuous removal of water formed during the reaction by azeotropic distillation with a solvent such as benzene, toluene, etc. or by passing inert gas through the reaction mixture to remove water of reaction.
- an esterification catalyst such as sulfuric acid, sulfosalicyclic acid, etc.
- tion is facilitated by a continuous removal of water formed during the reaction by azeotropic distillation with a solvent such as benzene, toluene, etc. or by passing inert gas through the reaction mixture to remove water of reaction.
- the product is washed with dilute alkali to remove the catalyst and any traces of unreacted acid and if necessary is heated under reduced pressure with or without blowing with an inert gas to remove any unreacted alcohol or other low boiling material.
- the product can be claytreated, and it is desirable although not absolutely necessary, that the finished ester have a neutralization number not higher than about 0.2 mg.
- KOH per gram of ester to obtain suitable stability-to oxidation, since free acids left in the finished material can catalyze oxidation of the product, particularly in the presence of materials such as copper or brass at elevated temperatures.
- Typical esters together with some of their more The reac- 3 slhgrlaiflcant properties are given in the following completely melted. The grease was then rapidly cooledbyrunningitover adrumchiller. Itia Tm: I
- esters of this type possess ideal properties with regard to pour point, viscosity and viscositytemperature characteristics, flash and boiling points necessary to minimize evaporation, making valuable lubricants for use as low temperature reases.
- the soap In making the greases of the present'invention it is preferred to make the soap first, as for instance tallow, stearic acid or hydrogenated fish oil acids are reacted with alkali until an indicator shows the alkali to be present in slight excess.
- the soap thus formed is dried and if desired it may be powdered to facilitate solution in the ester.
- the soap may in case of lithium, calcium, magnesium, or aluminum be prepared by precipitation from water by pro- .cedures well established in the art.
- the required amount of soap is then added to the ester and the mixture heated to from 380-400 F. until the soap is completely melted in the ester.
- any of the alkalis or alkaline earth metals such as sodium or calcium, magnesium, strontium, lithium being preferred, may be used for neutralizing or saponifying the soap stock.
- the soap stock any of the ordinary higher fatty acids or the fats from which they are derived such as stearic acid. oleic, erucic, lauric, palmitic acid, tallow, lard oil. animal fats, eta, although it is preferred to use the acid derived from hydrogenated fish oil, may be used to form the soaps with which to make the grease.
- the greases of the present invention will contain in general alkali or alkaline earth soaps ranging from 6-30% of the total composition, 65-93.5% of the ester or mixture of several esters. and .5-5% of a stabilizer.
- the use of a stabilizer smooths out the texture of the grease and-further aids in the actual production of the grease.
- the oxides, carbonates, or soaps of metals forming amphoteric oxides such as the soaps of zinc, tin and aluminum, have been found to be very beneficial in their use as stabilizers, particularly in the case of greases containing free alkali. Mixtures of these soaps may also be used, a particularly effective combination being 5% aluminum stearate and .5% zinc naphthenate.
- Grease represented by Examples 4 and 5 have excellent low temperature properties and also due to the high boiling esters used in their preparation are exceptionally stable at extremely high ground temperatures.
- Plasticity number (gram cm. seconds) Composition of the above greases (1) Low your coastal oil (60 vis. at 100 F.;/300 F.) +12% soap.
- the greases o! the present invention are much superior to ordinary low temperature greases with respect to evaporation in both the cone and bearing evaporation tests and as stable against bleeding as the other greases.
- numbers up to and including 2000 are in the free spinning range; irom 2000-10,000 representing free turning and above 10,000 excessive torque or drag.
- a low temperature grease consisting essentially of a major proportion of one or more compounds having the formula COOR1(R) COORz sebacate, 12% lithium carbon radicals; a minor proportion comprising not more than 30% of a soap of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metal and 0.5 to 5% of an amphoteric metal soap as a stabilizer.
- a low temperature grease comprising at least 65% of a. compound having the formula COORi (R) COOR:
- a soap oi a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metal and 0.5 to 5% of an amphoteric metal soap as a stabilizer.
- a low temperature grease comprising at least of a compound having the formula COOR1(R) COOR:
- R is a bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical
- R1 and R are branched chain hydrocarbon radicals
- a low temperature grease composition comprising at least 65% of di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate; 6-30% of a soap of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metal and 0.1 to 5% of an amphoteric metal soap as a stabilizer.
- a low temperature grease composition comprising at least 65% of the ester isobutyl, 2- ethylhexyl sebacate; 6-30% 01' a soap of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metal and 0.5 to 5% of an amphoteric metal soap as a stabilizer.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Patented Feb. 17,
caress comrosmons John C. Zimmer, Union, and Arnold J. Moi-way, Clark Township, Union County, N. ,L, assignors to Standard Oil Development Company, a cor poration of Delaware No Drawing. Application December 30, 1944,
Serial No. 570,784
9 Claims.
The present invention relates to the field of greases, and more particularly to improvements in low temperature greases. In the usual methods of manufacturing low temperature greases, low boiling mineral oil fractions with resultant low flash points and low viscosities are compounded with metallic soaps to form plastic masses, or semi-solid grease compositions. It has been observed that the torque necessary to turn a bearing lubricated by grease is directly proportional to the viscosity of the oil used in the grease at the particular temperature. Therefore it has been necessary in the manufacture of low temperature greases to use low boiling mineral oil fractions since these fractions have low voscosities at extremely low temperatures (-100 F.) However, since the equipment, for instance the shutter on an aerial reconnaissance camera, on which this grease is to be used may at times be subjected to relatively high temperatures (150 F.) the low boiling fractions used in making the grease are limited to those which are not too volatile. The use of extremely low boiling mineral oil fractions in the manufacture of low temperature greases is therefore subject to drastic restrictions because of the high volatility of such fractions and also their use creates operational difficulties during manufacture in the nature of fire hazards. Also after the lubricant has been subjected to high temperatures, loss by volatility may result in a product which is deficient in low temperature characteristics when again used at low temperature if not relubricated.
It has now been found that the esters of allphatic dibasic acids, particularly those esters in which the esterifying radical is a branched chain alkyl radical, may be substituted for low boiling mineral oil fractions in the production of low temperature greases. These esters possess unusually high boiling points and resulting low vapor'pressures at ambient temperatures, high viscosity indices, or low viscosity-temperature coeflicient, extremely low pour points and are relatively stable chemically. Among the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids suitable for the preparation of the esters used in making the grease compositions of the present invention there may be mentioned malonic, succinic, isosuccinic, glutaric, ethyl maonic, pyro tartaric, adipic, pimelic, su-
beric, azelaic and sebacic acids. Instead of one of the enumerated acids, any acid or mixture of acids having the formula HOOCR) COOH, where R is a bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radicalfor example synthetic acids produced by polymerization or dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids or their estersmay be used. The esters.
which may be used in making the grease compositions of the present invention have the general formula COORi-R-COOR2, where R is a bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical such as methylene, polymethylene, ethylidene, propylidene, methyl dimethylene, butenylidene and the like; R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon radicals such as branched chain alkyl, alkaryi and cyclo alkyl radicals of which secondary butyl, benzyl, cyclo hexanol and secondary octyl phenyl are representative: Isobutyl, 2-ethyl hexyi sebacate is an example of a mixed ester. These esters may contain additional constituents or functional groups such as Cl, Br, NHa, NHR, NRIRI, CHO, CO, SH, SR, RSSR, ROR, ROMetal, The esters may be made by any of the methods for producing esters known to the art.
A suitable low temperature grease composition may comprise di-2-ethyl hexyl sebacate and disecondary butyl sebacate; with from 6 to 30% of a soap of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metals together with a stabilizer consisting of an amphoteric metal compound, specifically an oxide carbonate or soap of zinc or aluminum. As further examples, the composition may consist of a major proportion, for example 65% or more, of disecondary butyl adipate and di-isopropyl sebacate with 6 to 30% of soap and stabilizer as recited above.
One suitable method consists of reacting the alcohol with the acid at elevated temperatures in the presence of an esterification catalyst such as sulfuric acid, sulfosalicyclic acid, etc. tion is facilitated by a continuous removal of water formed during the reaction by azeotropic distillation with a solvent such as benzene, toluene, etc. or by passing inert gas through the reaction mixture to remove water of reaction. The product is washed with dilute alkali to remove the catalyst and any traces of unreacted acid and if necessary is heated under reduced pressure with or without blowing with an inert gas to remove any unreacted alcohol or other low boiling material. If necessary the product can be claytreated, and it is desirable although not absolutely necessary, that the finished ester have a neutralization number not higher than about 0.2 mg. KOH per gram of ester to obtain suitable stability-to oxidation, since free acids left in the finished material can catalyze oxidation of the product, particularly in the presence of materials such as copper or brass at elevated temperatures. Typical esters together with some of their more The reac- 3 slhgrlaiflcant properties are given in the following completely melted. The grease was then rapidly cooledbyrunningitover adrumchiller. Itia Tm: I
Oentistoksl Viscosity atllopeon ASTM with? Visa run Poor 2 m, i fi Name of later m In e o n nor. 100' r. -00' r. r. 00 W" DI See. our l Bebaca 100 0. 4: :00 am no pm thylhcxyl 80M. 3.3! mu 1m 0.101 m g: :3 Di-undoeanyl Scbacaie 4. 06 22- 8 0000 0. H0 138, 6 -80 D-2-ethylberyl alkylsied Sucnote are cm 200.000 our cat -0s Dl-Zethylhexyl Aaelate .0 0.00 n. as m0 0. m 141 no -00 100 I Extrapolaied from the 100 and 210' I. nines.
It is readily apparent from the foregoing data that esters of this type possess ideal properties with regard to pour point, viscosity and viscositytemperature characteristics, flash and boiling points necessary to minimize evaporation, making valuable lubricants for use as low temperature reases.
In making the greases of the present'invention it is preferred to make the soap first, as for instance tallow, stearic acid or hydrogenated fish oil acids are reacted with alkali until an indicator shows the alkali to be present in slight excess. The soap thus formed is dried and if desired it may be powdered to facilitate solution in the ester. 0n the other hand the soap may in case of lithium, calcium, magnesium, or aluminum be prepared by precipitation from water by pro- .cedures well established in the art. The required amount of soap is then added to the ester and the mixture heated to from 380-400 F. until the soap is completely melted in the ester. Any of the alkalis or alkaline earth metals such as sodium or calcium, magnesium, strontium, lithium being preferred, may be used for neutralizing or saponifying the soap stock. As for the soap stock. any of the ordinary higher fatty acids or the fats from which they are derived such as stearic acid. oleic, erucic, lauric, palmitic acid, tallow, lard oil. animal fats, eta, although it is preferred to use the acid derived from hydrogenated fish oil, may be used to form the soaps with which to make the grease. On formulating the greases of the present invention they will contain in general alkali or alkaline earth soaps ranging from 6-30% of the total composition, 65-93.5% of the ester or mixture of several esters. and .5-5% of a stabilizer. The use of a stabilizer smooths out the texture of the grease and-further aids in the actual production of the grease. The oxides, carbonates, or soaps of metals forming amphoteric oxides such as the soaps of zinc, tin and aluminum, have been found to be very beneficial in their use as stabilizers, particularly in the case of greases containing free alkali. Mixtures of these soaps may also be used, a particularly effective combination being 5% aluminum stearate and .5% zinc naphthenate.
The following specific example will serve to illustrate the invention in more detail.
The soaps and the esters were mixed together and heated to 360-400 F. until the soap had Tsar: II
Bleeding and evaporation tests at 180 F.
fill-Ball Bearing Conrad ype Cone Evaporation Evaporation Percent It will be noted that the usual type low temperature greases in use today are represented by grease 1. Thus around -70i F. the drag on the bearing is excessive. Greases 2 and 3 while having excellent low temperature properties are not desirable due to their excessive rate of evaporation of the low boiling constituents in the greases. For example a. bearing lubricated with grease 2 or 3 may be subjected to ground temperatures of to F. Due to excessive evaporation, the
grease left in these bearings may not again be a suitable low temperature lubricant. Grease represented by Examples 4 and 5 have excellent low temperature properties and also due to the high boiling esters used in their preparation are exceptionally stable at extremely high ground temperatures.
Tsar: III
Plasticity number (gram cm. seconds) Composition of the above greases (1) Low your coastal oil (60 vis. at 100 F.;/300 F.) +12% soap.
(2) Low pour coastal oil 35 vis. at 100 F.;/215 F.)+6% soap.
(3) Blend of low pour coastal oil and gas oil (45.2 vis. at 100 F.:/245)'+12% soap.
(4) Secondary butyl sebacate, 12% lithium soap-{4% stabilizer.
(5) z-Ethylhexyl soap+1% stabilizer.
From the above data it will be noted that the greases o! the present invention are much superior to ordinary low temperature greases with respect to evaporation in both the cone and bearing evaporation tests and as stable against bleeding as the other greases. In the plasticity number test, numbers up to and including 2000 are in the free spinning range; irom 2000-10,000 representing free turning and above 10,000 excessive torque or drag.
What is claimed is:
1. A low temperature grease consisting essentially of a major proportion of one or more compounds having the formula COOR1(R) COORz sebacate, 12% lithium carbon radicals; a minor proportion comprising not more than 30% of a soap of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metal and 0.5 to 5% of an amphoteric metal soap as a stabilizer.
2. A low temperature grease according to claim 1 in which R is a polymethylene radical having 8 methylene groups.
3. A low temperature grease composition according to claim 1 in which R1 and Rs are 2- ethylhexyl radicals.
4. A low temperature grease composition according to claim 1 in which R is a polymethylene radical having 8 methylene groups and R1 and R2 are secondary butyl radicals.
5. A low temperature grease comprising at least 65% of a. compound having the formula COORi (R) COOR:
carbon radicals; 6-30% of a soap oi a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metal and 0.5 to 5% of an amphoteric metal soap as a stabilizer.
6. A low temperature grease comprising at least of a compound having the formula COOR1(R) COOR:
where R is a bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical; R1 and R: are branched chain hydrocarbon radicals; 12% of a soap 01. a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metal and 1% of a compound selected from the class consisting of the oxides, carbonates and soaps of amphoterio metals as a stabilizer.
7. A low temperature grease according to claim 1 in which the soap of a metal is 6-30% of lithium soap of hydrogenated fish oll acids.
8. A low temperature grease composition comprising at least 65% of di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate; 6-30% of a soap of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metal and 0.1 to 5% of an amphoteric metal soap as a stabilizer.
9. A low temperature grease composition comprising at least 65% of the ester isobutyl, 2- ethylhexyl sebacate; 6-30% 01' a soap of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metal and 0.5 to 5% of an amphoteric metal soap as a stabilizer.
JOHN C. ZIMMER. ARNOLD J. MORWAY.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,993,738 Graves Mar. 12, 1935 2,104,408 Wiezevich Jan. 4, 1938 2,134,736 Reuter Nov. 1, 1938 2,158,096 Werntz May 16, 1939 2,204,601 Kavanagh et a1. June 18, 1940 2,351,280 Morgan I 'June 13, 1944 2,362,767 Morgan 11 Nov. 14, 1944 2,363,513
Farrington et al.- Nov. 28, 1944
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE461872D BE461872A (en) | 1944-12-30 | ||
US570784A US2436347A (en) | 1944-12-30 | 1944-12-30 | Grease compositions |
GB31031/45A GB603967A (en) | 1944-12-30 | 1945-11-19 | An improved lubricating grease composition |
CH251396D CH251396A (en) | 1944-12-30 | 1945-12-29 | Low temperature lubricant. |
DEST2486A DE833098C (en) | 1944-12-30 | 1950-09-30 | Low temperature greases |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US570784A US2436347A (en) | 1944-12-30 | 1944-12-30 | Grease compositions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2436347A true US2436347A (en) | 1948-02-17 |
Family
ID=24281039
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US570784A Expired - Lifetime US2436347A (en) | 1944-12-30 | 1944-12-30 | Grease compositions |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2436347A (en) |
BE (1) | BE461872A (en) |
CH (1) | CH251396A (en) |
DE (1) | DE833098C (en) |
GB (1) | GB603967A (en) |
Cited By (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2465961A (en) * | 1945-10-24 | 1949-03-29 | Shell Dev | Grease |
US2467147A (en) * | 1945-03-22 | 1949-04-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Low-temperature lubricant |
US2481372A (en) * | 1946-09-27 | 1949-09-06 | Shell Dev | Rust protective lubricants |
US2491054A (en) * | 1947-10-25 | 1949-12-13 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease |
US2491028A (en) * | 1947-10-11 | 1949-12-13 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease compositions |
US2497133A (en) * | 1947-06-06 | 1950-02-14 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease compositions |
US2521438A (en) * | 1947-12-06 | 1950-09-05 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Grease composition |
US2528373A (en) * | 1949-01-21 | 1950-10-31 | Texas Co | Alkenyl succinic acid grease |
US2585182A (en) * | 1947-03-18 | 1952-02-12 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Grease lubricant |
US2588273A (en) * | 1950-08-02 | 1952-03-04 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating compositions |
US2589973A (en) * | 1949-11-01 | 1952-03-18 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease composition |
US2604450A (en) * | 1950-12-22 | 1952-07-22 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease composition |
US2639266A (en) * | 1951-04-07 | 1953-05-19 | Texas Co | Lubricating grease comprising a complex ester base and sodium myristate |
US2653132A (en) * | 1949-12-17 | 1953-09-22 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Oxo-bottoms base lubricating grease |
US2690429A (en) * | 1952-04-07 | 1954-09-28 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Grease compositions containing an aryl oxy alkyl salt as a stabilizer |
US2719123A (en) * | 1953-06-18 | 1955-09-27 | Robert L Merker | Fluid compositions containing a cyclopolysiloxane |
US2723957A (en) * | 1952-02-27 | 1955-11-15 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Synthetic lubricating oils containing paraffinic resins |
US2735816A (en) * | 1956-02-21 | Fluid compositions containing an | ||
US2739127A (en) * | 1952-07-02 | 1956-03-20 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Lubricating grease containing organic carbonates |
US2751351A (en) * | 1952-07-05 | 1956-06-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Complex ester base lubricating grease compositions |
US2758973A (en) * | 1952-05-29 | 1956-08-14 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for preparing lubricating grease compositions |
US2761844A (en) * | 1951-11-07 | 1956-09-04 | Gulf Research Development Co | High temperature lubricating compositions |
US2796401A (en) * | 1952-11-29 | 1957-06-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Complex formal lubricating composition |
US2796423A (en) * | 1952-12-01 | 1957-06-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Formals of lubricating grade |
US3272745A (en) * | 1962-12-27 | 1966-09-13 | Texaco Inc | Grease composition |
US3539514A (en) * | 1967-08-01 | 1970-11-10 | Arthur Frank Strouse | Corrosion inhibitor and lubricant |
US20100035779A1 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2010-02-11 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd | Grease |
WO2015099907A1 (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-02 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low viscosity ester lubricant and method for using |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE505439A (en) * | 1950-08-24 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1993738A (en) * | 1934-08-31 | 1935-03-12 | Du Pont | Myristyl esters of polycarboxylic acids |
US2104408A (en) * | 1933-09-20 | 1938-01-04 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricant |
US2134736A (en) * | 1935-04-19 | 1938-11-01 | Atlantic Refining Co | Lubricant |
US2158096A (en) * | 1936-04-24 | 1939-05-16 | Du Pont | Lubricant |
US2204601A (en) * | 1937-02-23 | 1940-06-18 | Standard Oil Co | Compounded lubricant |
US2351280A (en) * | 1942-07-16 | 1944-06-13 | Cities Service Oil Co | Lubricant |
US2362767A (en) * | 1942-06-03 | 1944-11-14 | Cities Service Oil Co | Lubricants |
US2363513A (en) * | 1942-09-15 | 1944-11-28 | Standard Oil Co California | Lubricating composition and the like |
-
0
- BE BE461872D patent/BE461872A/xx unknown
-
1944
- 1944-12-30 US US570784A patent/US2436347A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1945
- 1945-11-19 GB GB31031/45A patent/GB603967A/en not_active Expired
- 1945-12-29 CH CH251396D patent/CH251396A/en unknown
-
1950
- 1950-09-30 DE DEST2486A patent/DE833098C/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2104408A (en) * | 1933-09-20 | 1938-01-04 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricant |
US1993738A (en) * | 1934-08-31 | 1935-03-12 | Du Pont | Myristyl esters of polycarboxylic acids |
US2134736A (en) * | 1935-04-19 | 1938-11-01 | Atlantic Refining Co | Lubricant |
US2158096A (en) * | 1936-04-24 | 1939-05-16 | Du Pont | Lubricant |
US2204601A (en) * | 1937-02-23 | 1940-06-18 | Standard Oil Co | Compounded lubricant |
US2362767A (en) * | 1942-06-03 | 1944-11-14 | Cities Service Oil Co | Lubricants |
US2351280A (en) * | 1942-07-16 | 1944-06-13 | Cities Service Oil Co | Lubricant |
US2363513A (en) * | 1942-09-15 | 1944-11-28 | Standard Oil Co California | Lubricating composition and the like |
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2735816A (en) * | 1956-02-21 | Fluid compositions containing an | ||
US2467147A (en) * | 1945-03-22 | 1949-04-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Low-temperature lubricant |
US2465961A (en) * | 1945-10-24 | 1949-03-29 | Shell Dev | Grease |
US2481372A (en) * | 1946-09-27 | 1949-09-06 | Shell Dev | Rust protective lubricants |
US2585182A (en) * | 1947-03-18 | 1952-02-12 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Grease lubricant |
US2497133A (en) * | 1947-06-06 | 1950-02-14 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease compositions |
US2491028A (en) * | 1947-10-11 | 1949-12-13 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease compositions |
US2491054A (en) * | 1947-10-25 | 1949-12-13 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease |
US2521438A (en) * | 1947-12-06 | 1950-09-05 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Grease composition |
US2528373A (en) * | 1949-01-21 | 1950-10-31 | Texas Co | Alkenyl succinic acid grease |
US2589973A (en) * | 1949-11-01 | 1952-03-18 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease composition |
US2653132A (en) * | 1949-12-17 | 1953-09-22 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Oxo-bottoms base lubricating grease |
US2588273A (en) * | 1950-08-02 | 1952-03-04 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating compositions |
US2604450A (en) * | 1950-12-22 | 1952-07-22 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating grease composition |
US2639266A (en) * | 1951-04-07 | 1953-05-19 | Texas Co | Lubricating grease comprising a complex ester base and sodium myristate |
US2761844A (en) * | 1951-11-07 | 1956-09-04 | Gulf Research Development Co | High temperature lubricating compositions |
US2723957A (en) * | 1952-02-27 | 1955-11-15 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Synthetic lubricating oils containing paraffinic resins |
US2690429A (en) * | 1952-04-07 | 1954-09-28 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Grease compositions containing an aryl oxy alkyl salt as a stabilizer |
US2758973A (en) * | 1952-05-29 | 1956-08-14 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for preparing lubricating grease compositions |
US2739127A (en) * | 1952-07-02 | 1956-03-20 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Lubricating grease containing organic carbonates |
US2751351A (en) * | 1952-07-05 | 1956-06-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Complex ester base lubricating grease compositions |
US2796401A (en) * | 1952-11-29 | 1957-06-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Complex formal lubricating composition |
US2796423A (en) * | 1952-12-01 | 1957-06-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Formals of lubricating grade |
US2719123A (en) * | 1953-06-18 | 1955-09-27 | Robert L Merker | Fluid compositions containing a cyclopolysiloxane |
US3272745A (en) * | 1962-12-27 | 1966-09-13 | Texaco Inc | Grease composition |
US3539514A (en) * | 1967-08-01 | 1970-11-10 | Arthur Frank Strouse | Corrosion inhibitor and lubricant |
US20100035779A1 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2010-02-11 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd | Grease |
US8703678B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2014-04-22 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Grease |
WO2015099907A1 (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-02 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low viscosity ester lubricant and method for using |
US10208269B2 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2019-02-19 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low viscosity ester lubricant and method for using |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB603967A (en) | 1948-06-25 |
CH251396A (en) | 1947-10-31 |
DE833098C (en) | 1952-03-03 |
BE461872A (en) |
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