US2433212A - Electrode for use in electrolytic cells - Google Patents

Electrode for use in electrolytic cells Download PDF

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Publication number
US2433212A
US2433212A US500860A US50086043A US2433212A US 2433212 A US2433212 A US 2433212A US 500860 A US500860 A US 500860A US 50086043 A US50086043 A US 50086043A US 2433212 A US2433212 A US 2433212A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrodes
impregnated
electrolytic cells
electrolysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US500860A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gleave Wilfrid Wilson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2433212A publication Critical patent/US2433212A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C09D133/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
    • C09D133/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/042—Electrodes formed of a single material
    • C25B11/043—Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene
    • C25B11/044—Impregnation of carbon

Definitions

  • This invention relates to-improvements in electrodes for use in electrolytic cells and more particularly to carbon anodes for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides.
  • electrodes so impregnated are not entirely satisfactory, since the impregnant is not always adequately resistant to the products of electrolysis, and greater polarization occurs than with a non-impregnated anode, so that the operating voltage of the cells is increased. Again, many impregnants bleed out of the pores to some extent as the electrode wears away or cause partial disintegration of the superficial layers of the electrode, and thus fouling of the cell may occur.
  • an improved electrode is provided adapted for use in a cell for the electrolysis of aqueous salt solutions, e. g. brine which electrode is formed of carbon impregnated with a resinous polymer of a lower alkyl ester of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or of a-chloroacrylic acid.
  • Such an electrode has a considerably increased life when used in an electrolytic cell compared with electrodes impregnated with other materials.
  • a much greater increase in the hardness of the electrode results than when other impregnants are used, and it is found that this hardness is retained even after a considerable proportion of the electrode has been worn away.
  • the electrode thus remains mechanically strong and capable of giving service when other anodes in a similarly advanced state of wear would break to pieces and become useless.
  • electrodes so treated show much less polarization than other impregnated electrodes, so that, especially in the case of diaphragm cells, the cell can be operated at a voltage much nearer that required when unimpregnated electrodes are employed.
  • Electrodes according to this invention may be used in a variety of electrolytic cells intended for the electrolysis of aqueous salt solutions, and in'particular for the electrolysis of solutions of halides, during which electrolysis chlorine is evolved.
  • electrolytic cells intended for the electrolysis of aqueous salt solutions, and in'particular for the electrolysis of solutions of halides, during which electrolysis chlorine is evolved.
  • they may beused as the anodes inelectrolytic cells having flowing mercury cathodes in which a sodium chloride brine is electrolysed.
  • They are, however, of particular value in diaphragm cells, for example of theGibbs type or the Hargreaves type in which sodium chloride brine is electrolysed.
  • the carbon electrode is of impregnated graphite, although non-graphitic porous carbon may also be used.
  • the esters are converted to the resinous condition in situ after they have been impregnated into the electrode.
  • the esters may be used in a partially polymerised, though still liquid condition, but it is more convenient to use them in the monomeric condition.
  • a catalyst may be present in the ester used for the polymerisation, as for example, benzoyl peroxide or succinyl peroxide, and usually amounts of the order of 0.5% are suitable.
  • the polymerisation is brought about by heating, e. g. to 140,C. for a suitable time, say, 2-4 hours.
  • a proportion between 35% and 45% of the pore space is impregnated with the polymer.
  • a number of carbon, e. g., graphite, electrodes to be impregnated are placed in a pressure-resisting vessel which is then evacuated, and the vacuum is maintained for a time suificient to enable air to be removed from the pores of the electrodes.
  • monomeric methyl methacrylate containing 0.5% benaoyl peroxide is introduced in amount suflicient to cover the electrodes. Air is then admitted, and pressure may even be supplied to ensure penetration of the monomer to all parts of the electrodes. Improved impregnation also results if the electrodes are left to stand for a time, say, /2-1 hr. inthe liquid ester.
  • the excess monomer is run off, and the temperature raised to between 100 and 110 C. for several hours, e. g. 2 to 4 hours; to ensure completion of the polymerisation the electrodes may be baked in an air oven at 70-80 C. for some hours, e. g. 12 to 20 hours or left in a warm atmosphere for several days. If any excess polymer forms a coating over the electrode when the polymerisation is complete it may be then removed, as by scraping or machining, and the electrode is then ready for use. Similar procedure may be employed for impregnating carbon electrodes with other esters according to the invention.
  • An electrode adapted for use in a cell for th electrolysis of an aqueous salt solution which electrode is formed of porous carbon impregnated with a polymer of a lower alkyl ester of an acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic and alpha-chloro-acrylic acid which has been polymerized in situ, said impregnation being to the extent that between about 35 and 45% of the pore space of the electrode is impregnated with the resinous polymer.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
US500860A 1942-10-09 1943-09-01 Electrode for use in electrolytic cells Expired - Lifetime US2433212A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB258006X 1942-10-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2433212A true US2433212A (en) 1947-12-23

Family

ID=10233518

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US500860A Expired - Lifetime US2433212A (en) 1942-10-09 1943-09-01 Electrode for use in electrolytic cells

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2433212A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE463001A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH258006A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR942778A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB574870A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL130692B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2756201A (en) * 1950-02-06 1956-07-24 Bayer Ag Electrolysis of chloride solutions and cell therefor
US3046216A (en) * 1959-04-27 1962-07-24 Union Carbide Corp Impregnated carbonaceous electrode and method of making the same
US3437579A (en) * 1965-04-20 1969-04-08 Ici Ltd Anode assembly
US4255466A (en) * 1974-06-24 1981-03-10 Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Limited Carbon electrode and manufacture thereof
US4931156A (en) * 1984-04-19 1990-06-05 Duochem, Inc. Distributive anode coating

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US679477A (en) * 1899-02-01 1901-07-30 Josiah W Kynaston Electrolytic decomposing-cell.
US723217A (en) * 1902-08-15 1903-03-17 Howard Spence Manufacture of titanous chlorid.
US1861415A (en) * 1931-05-28 1932-05-31 Dow Chemical Co Treatment of electrodes
US1866065A (en) * 1930-04-25 1932-07-05 Hooker Electrochemical Co Electrolytic cell
US1950430A (en) * 1931-10-07 1934-03-13 Du Pont Process of impregnation and product obtained thereby
FR781175A (fr) * 1933-11-25 1935-05-10 Philips Nv Dispositifs ou appareils destinés à des opérations électrochimiques
US2066176A (en) * 1935-09-27 1936-12-29 Gen Electric Commutating brush
US2105364A (en) * 1935-05-08 1938-01-11 Gen Electric Resinous thermoplastic materials
US2129478A (en) * 1933-12-02 1938-09-06 Rohm & Haas Polymerization process
US2171765A (en) * 1934-12-31 1939-09-05 Rohm & Haas Process for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate
US2207734A (en) * 1936-06-27 1940-07-16 Nat Carbon Co Inc Electric cell
US2209246A (en) * 1937-03-17 1940-07-23 Rohm & Haas Process of accelerating polymerization
US2224724A (en) * 1938-02-17 1940-12-10 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Carbon brush and method of making
US2295699A (en) * 1938-06-01 1942-09-15 Rohm & Haas Process of finishing textiles

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US679477A (en) * 1899-02-01 1901-07-30 Josiah W Kynaston Electrolytic decomposing-cell.
US723217A (en) * 1902-08-15 1903-03-17 Howard Spence Manufacture of titanous chlorid.
US1866065A (en) * 1930-04-25 1932-07-05 Hooker Electrochemical Co Electrolytic cell
US1861415A (en) * 1931-05-28 1932-05-31 Dow Chemical Co Treatment of electrodes
US1950430A (en) * 1931-10-07 1934-03-13 Du Pont Process of impregnation and product obtained thereby
FR781175A (fr) * 1933-11-25 1935-05-10 Philips Nv Dispositifs ou appareils destinés à des opérations électrochimiques
US2129478A (en) * 1933-12-02 1938-09-06 Rohm & Haas Polymerization process
US2171765A (en) * 1934-12-31 1939-09-05 Rohm & Haas Process for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate
US2105364A (en) * 1935-05-08 1938-01-11 Gen Electric Resinous thermoplastic materials
US2066176A (en) * 1935-09-27 1936-12-29 Gen Electric Commutating brush
US2207734A (en) * 1936-06-27 1940-07-16 Nat Carbon Co Inc Electric cell
US2209246A (en) * 1937-03-17 1940-07-23 Rohm & Haas Process of accelerating polymerization
US2224724A (en) * 1938-02-17 1940-12-10 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Carbon brush and method of making
US2295699A (en) * 1938-06-01 1942-09-15 Rohm & Haas Process of finishing textiles

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2756201A (en) * 1950-02-06 1956-07-24 Bayer Ag Electrolysis of chloride solutions and cell therefor
US3046216A (en) * 1959-04-27 1962-07-24 Union Carbide Corp Impregnated carbonaceous electrode and method of making the same
US3437579A (en) * 1965-04-20 1969-04-08 Ici Ltd Anode assembly
US4255466A (en) * 1974-06-24 1981-03-10 Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Limited Carbon electrode and manufacture thereof
US4931156A (en) * 1984-04-19 1990-06-05 Duochem, Inc. Distributive anode coating

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL63302C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH258006A (de) 1948-11-15
GB574870A (en) 1946-01-24
BE463001A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR942778A (fr) 1949-02-17
NL130692B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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