US2431385A

US2431385A - Porous body expansion joint

Info

Publication number: US2431385A
Application number: US580323A
Authority: US
Inventors: Albert C Fischer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1945-03-01
Filing date: 1945-03-01
Publication date: 1947-11-25
Anticipated expiration: 1964-11-25

Description

Nov. 25, 1947..

A c. FISCHER POROUS BODY EXPANSION JOINT Filed March l, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet l LASTIC LLER O o C L mmm ml a SPR ORT RR RE .TES BA msm BA o amm um FB w R Ruasmza mnsvac R. @a TH NC 4 E v mF. ,l c i v E l, B L A Y B ATTORNEY.

NOV. 25, .1947. A -C HSCHER 2,431,385

POROUS BODY EXPANSIQN JOINT Filed March l, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 RIJSBERIZED TAPE EMULSIQN FLEX n an. E BAKEL vARm N BITUMINOUS OILY ADHESIVEA COMBINATION INVENTOR. ALBERT c. FISCHER.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Nov. 25, 1947 POROUS BODY EXPANSION JOINT Albert C. Fischer, Chicago, lll.

Appucation Maren 1, 1945, sensi Na'ssoza (ci. sai-1s) 7 claims.

This invention constitutes a structural improvement upon the flat slab-like strips of material commonly used for the purpose (among other purposes) of defining the lines of subdivision in the pouring of cement pavements, and which, being made of deformable material, remain permanently in position in the nished pavement to serve as Weather-proof llers, conventionally called expansion joints" in the spaces that must be left between the sections of pavement to permit thermal expansion of the sections While in use.

There are a number of different types of expension joints made to serve the purpose of yieldingly filling the spaces referred to and varying, structurally, from material formed in situ by pouring hot asphaltic 'or equivalent material into the spaces, to slab-like strips extruded or otherwise preformed at the place of production. Most of these types, while readily yielding to the cement pavement sections in the direction of thermal expansion, will not react satisfactorily in the sense of keeping the spaces lled and weatherproof as the spaces are enlarged by contraction of the pavement sections under falling temperatures.

Attempts made to render expansion joints properly reactive to contraction of pavement sections and the resultant enlargement of the spaces between them, have been either along the line of complicating the joint structure in a manner to set up counterow of ductile asphalt during contraction, from spaces into which the asphalt escaped during expansion of the sections or else incorporating a fibrous or other resilient ller in the joint structure or producing the joint structure from a fabricated body of fiber impregnated with asphalt. Both of these remedies were failures and did not render the joint body reactive because the fibrous matter was saturated beyond the possibility of resiliency.

The present invention solves the problem by constructing the preformed expansion joint slab or strip with not only suicient mass integrity to permit it to be manipulated as a dividing wall in the manner conventional in the art of pouring sectional cement pavements, but with the novel condition of having a degree of inherent mass resliency that permits it to yield by compression as distinguished from owing under the pressure of the thermally expanding pavement sections: and by such compression, storing in the resilient expansion joint body, energy that causes said body to return by expansion to approximately its original dimension, as distinguished from back sponge rubber (preferably with its cells ruptured) f ow, in order to ll the enlarging space between sections when the pavement sections contract under lowering temperatures, these phenomena being achieved, according to the invention, by incorporating in the expansion joint a slab or strip formed of material having a highly porous or cellular structure and inherent body resiliency; for instance, the qualities possessed by a body of or by an inherently resilient body of bers, felted or otherwise fabricated into self retaining form with mass integrity and inherent body resiliency; or some materialequivalent to these; said bodies being rendered proof against seepage of water on any or all of its faces that are liable to encounter moisture in service; their moisture proong elements being applied as a shallow surface infiltrate entering into and anchoring itself to and capable of sealing the outer pores of the body, but leaving unfilled and unobstructed the pores of the main mass of body material, of which the joint is made; and leaving the individual elements that dene the pores of the main portion of the body without interadhesion and free to exercise their individual resiliency; and the said moistureproong element having when set, an inherent elasticity that prevents its rupture or impairment of its pore-sealing and moisture-proofing capacity when it partakes of the alternate compression and distension of the porous body in service.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary view in vertical transverse section, of opposed ends of two pavement sections and the porous liber-board body of an interposed expansion joint; said fiber-board body being proofed against water seepage at top and bottom and the tread surface filler used above the joint being omitted;

Fig. 2 is a View similar to Fig. 1 in which the main body portion of the expansion joint is made of sponge rubber and the *seepage proong element is applied' as an elastic surface ller completely around said body;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view in perspective, showing a body portion of an expansion joint similar to that of Fig. 1, with seepage proofing elements of special materials at top and bottom, fashioned at the sides to cause them to be embedded in the paving sections;

Fig. 4-is a View similar to Fig. 1, on a somewhat smaller scale, showing the tread-surface filler element in position;

Fig. 5 is a view partlyin vertical transverse section and partly in perspective showing the exone paving section and the adjacent ber boardA body of the expansion joint having a seepage proofing cap similar to that of Fig. 3, but located to also serve as the expansion joint tread surface flush with the wheel surface of the pavement.

Referring tothe drawings, I represents highly cellular or porous and inherently resilient bodies of fiber-board or like material, (of which there are several different makes upon the market), usually made for heat insulating purposes but here used to constitute the principal body masses of expansion joints.

Bodies I are installed between opposed ends 2, 3 of adjacent paving sections, in conventional manner, and having suloient resiliency to not only enable them to yield and assume reduced transverse dimension and increased density under pressure of the ends 2, 3, when the pavement sections expand under rising temperatures, but to store up suflicient energy in so doing, to cause the bodies to expand toward their original transverse dimensions and continue to ll the enlarging space between the sections when the sections contract under falling temperatures.

In Fig. l, the top and bottom edges of body I have their adjacent cells filled with an elastic compressible material 4, 5, water-proof at least to the extent that it will cause the porous body to resist seepage of water when its outer cells are filled with said material. By shallow impregnation of pores or cells of body l near its outer surfaces, the waterproofing material is anchored to the cellular body; and when set its elasticity enables it to partake of the alternate compression and distention that occur in the resilient body under expansion and contraction of the paving sections, without impairment of its water-proofing relation to the body. Numeral 6 in Fig. 1 indicates a space left for introduction of a filling (6a, Fig. 4) such as asphalt or the like, conventionally introduced by pouring in molten state for providing tread surface on the expansion Joint flush with the wheel surface of the pavement.

In Fig. 2, the cellular or porous body 'l is sponge rubber, and its shallow impregnation that moisture-proofs it is an elastic filler 8 preferably applied to all four faces of the body in substantially the same relation as described in connection with the fillers 4 and 5 of Fig. 1.

In Fig. 3 the porous or cellular body I of fabricated ber has a crowning strip 9 of rubber, preferably sponge rubber, fashioned with longitudinal beads I at its sides, which become embedded in the poured pavement sections 2, 3 so that the rubber strip cannot be drawn away from its place by disturbances of traffic, whether exerted through the medium of the filler to be poured into space 6 (Fig. 3), or exerted upon the crowning strip direct, when, as shown in Fig. 11, this rubber crowning strip is flush with the wheel surface of the pavement. Beneath the rubber crowning strip in both Fig. 3 and Fig. 11 there is a rubberized mastic water-proofing member II, prepared so as to retain its elasticity and expansibility, said member II being applied to the edge of the cellular body I by shallow impregnation, or lling of outer cells and consequent anchorage as described vin connection with Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 3. when the expansion Joint is set upon damp subsoil. the rubberized mastic water-proofing element I4 and laterally beaded rubber apron I2, I3, substantial duplicates of elements 9, I0 and I I, are preferably used at the bottom of the Joint. Rubber apron I2, I3 may include a facing flange I5.

The waterproofing member Il is preferably of a rubberized bituminous composition having a high degree of adhesive tenacity, plasticity and distendabillty or stretch, with recuperative capabilities, which properties remain effective even at sub-freezing temperatures ranging to 0 F. The adhesive powers of this material are such that it retains an effective bond with different materials such as concrete, asphaltlc expansion joint bodies.

veither pre-formed or poured, capping strips of i Per cent Kempol #54 (polymerized oil) 32.6 (26 to 35) Asphalt B 38.0 (35 to 45) Residual or flux oil 21.6 (16 to 25) Clay 4.0( 3 to 5) Asbestos 1.1 (0.5 to 1.5) Exfoliated Vermiculite 2.7 (1.5 to 3.5)

Kempol #54 is a polymerized linseed oil, and

is representative of any of the various polymerized oils which are commonly used as rubber substitutes.

'I'he residual or ux oil is that from which the heavy asphalts are blown. It is characterized by the following properties:

Ductility at 77 F., 5 cm. per mln. Penetration at 32 F., 200 gms. 60 sec.

The material ls too soft to take a penetration at 77 F. with a standard needle, and is too soft to take a melting point reading with ring and ball.

Asphalt B has the following properties:

Melting point (A, S. T. M. ring and ball) F 175-190 Ductility (A. S. T. M. 77 F., 5 cm. per

min.) cm 4 to 8 Penetration 77 F., 100 gms. 5 secs. A. S. T..M.

cm-- 0.12-0.20 32 F., 200 gms. 60 secs. A. S. T. M.

When the crowning strip 9, shown at a' depressed portion of the expansion joint in Fig. 3 and iiush with the payement in Fig. 11, is made of the rubberized bituminous mixtures described in the preceding paragraph either integral with or separate from the water-proofing member II, the headings I0 enhance the adhesive effects with the concrete to assure a complete and effective seal despite extensive movement of the pavement sections.

In Fig. 4 the strip of rubberized sealing mastic IIa, disposed above the core |,and below the iiller 6a, is effective in adhering to the faces of the pavement sections 2 and 3 when the same is of the character described in the preceding paragraphs. If desired, the ller 6a may be the rubberized bituminous mixture above, which may be poured into the joint in a howing state.

In Figs. to 10, inclusive, the basic ideas of Figs. 1 to 4 are substantially repeated though with varied detail. Fig. 5 substitutes upper preformed flanged rubberized capping apron 9 andv lower apron I2, I3 as the upper and lower waterproofing elements. When this material is used it should be prepared with a surplus of sluggshly fiuent rubberized cement that will enable it to partale of compression and distension of the expansion joint.

The rubberized tapes I2 and I3 may be formed of the special compositions described above to obtain a highly distendable and adhesive sealing layer.

Fig. 6 substitutes for the elastic water-proofing material 4 and 5 at top and bottom of Fig. 1, top and bottom impregnations of latex emulsion. Fig. 'l applies the same latex emulsion as impregnations I6 on all four sides of the cellular body. Latex emulsion may, with advantage, be subjectecl to vulcanization, especially when not pro- Fig. 8, in a construction otherwise similar to' Fig. 1, uses flexible Bakelite varnish as the top and bottom water-proofing impregnation.

Figs. 9 and 10 both show water-proofing impregnation on all four faces of this porous or cellular body; Fig. 9 using a gelatin-bituminous glue combination Il; and Fig. 10 an oily adhesive I8.

Generally from 11e" to 1/8" will be found a sufficient depth of impregnation. Impregnation may be superinduced, in any instance, by either pressure over the fluid being applied, or by suction at the face of the porous body opposite that being impregnated.

Materials used herein, such as asphaltic material; rubberized tape, rubberized cement; latex emulsion, with or without heat treatment or vulcanization; asphaltic gelatinized mixture; asphaltic glue mixture; flexible Bakelite varnish; toughened sponge rubber capping; ruptured cell sponge rubber; are all terms well known in the art, identifying materials purchasable in the open market.

It is to be understood that the formulae of construction and types of joint mentioned in this specification, are only a few of` the many in which. the identifying structural and operative principles of the invention may be employed; and therefore, I do not wish to be limited to the particular forms shown, sincethey are selected for purposes of illustration rather than limitation.

'Ihisy application is a continuation-impart of my application Serial No. 330,770, led April 20, 1940, Patent No. 2,370,647, March 6, 1945.

I claim:

1. An expansion joint between two pavement sections comprising a layer of material bridging the gap between and adhesively bonded to said pavement sections, formed of a rubberized bituminous material, containing residual oil, comprising about 26 to 35% rubbery material, 35 to 40% asphalt, 16 to 25% residual oil, and 5 to 10% degree of adhesive tenacity, distendability and recuperative power, which properties are retained at sub-freezing temperatures for maintaining the layer in adhesive bonded relation with the sections.

2. An expansion joint between two pavement sections comprising a compressible body of composition material, a layer of material adjacent to said body bridging the gap between and adhesively bonded to said pavement'sections, said body f being formed of a rubberized bituminous material, containing residual oi1,comprising about 26 to 35% rubbery material, 35 to 40% asphalt, 16 to residual oil,'and 5 to 10% solid llingmaterial, and characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity, distendability and recuperative power, which properties are retained at subfreezing temperatures for maintaining the layer in adhesive bonded relation with the sections.

3. An expansion joint between two pavement sections comprising a compressible body of comfreezing temperatures for maintaining the layers in adhesive bonded relation with the sections.

4. In an expansion joint the combination ofv a compressible body of inherently resilient bers within an expansion space between two sections I of masonry; said body having pores defined by solid lling material, and characterized by a high its constituent bers; said iibers,-excepting those constituting outer surfaces of the body being non-adhering and freely movable one upon another and leaving the body freely deformable in said expansion space and a sealing apron superposed on the top of the body and in adhesive contact with the ends of the masonry sections, said sealing apron being formed of a rubberized bituminous material; containing residual oil, cornprising about 26 to 35% rubbery material, 35 to 40% asphalt, 16 to 25% residual oil, and 5 to 10% solid filling material, and characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity, distendability and recuperative power, which properties are retained at sub-freezing temperatures.

5. An expansion joint between two pavement sections comprising a compressible composition in the gap between the sections and terminating a'substantial distance below the paving surface, an a rubberized bituminous composition, con taining residual oil, comprising about 26 to 35% rubbery material, 35 to 40% asphalt, 16 to 25% residual oil, and 5 to 10% solid lling material, and lling the gap above the compressible composition and adhesively bonded to the sections, said rubberized bituminous material characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity, distendability and recuperative power, which properties are retained at sub-freezing temperatures for maintaining the rubberized bituminous material in adhesive bonded relation with the sections.

6. An expansion joint between two pavement sections comprising a compressible composition in the gap between the sections and terminating a substantial distance below the paving surface, a non-metal strip bridging the gap between and adhered to said sections below the compressible composition material, containing ilux oil, and a rubberized bituminous composition, containing residual oil, comprising about 26 to 35% rubbery material, 35 to 40% asphalt, 16 to 25% residual oil, and 5 to 10% solid lling material, and lling the gap above the compressible material and adhesively `bonded to said sections.

7. An expansion joint between two pavement sections comprising a compressible composition in the gap between the sections and terminating a substantial distance below the paving surface, said composition containing on its exposed side surfacesrubberized bituminous material, containing residual oil, comprising about 26 to 35% rubbery material, 35 to 40% asphalt, 16 to 25% residual oil, and 5 to 10% solid filling material, and characterized by a high degree of adhesive tenacity, distendability and recuperative powers which properties are retained at sub-freezing temperatures for adhesively bonding with and maintaining an adhesive bond with the sections, and rubberized bituminous material of the same charac- 18 ter as that on the side surfaces of the compressible composition lling the gap above the compressible composition and adhesively bonded with the sections.

. ALBERT C. FISCHER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in theiile of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS