US2431314A - Printing telegraph system controlled by vibrations of tuning forks - Google Patents

Printing telegraph system controlled by vibrations of tuning forks Download PDF

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Publication number
US2431314A
US2431314A US488861A US48886143A US2431314A US 2431314 A US2431314 A US 2431314A US 488861 A US488861 A US 488861A US 48886143 A US48886143 A US 48886143A US 2431314 A US2431314 A US 2431314A
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Prior art keywords
shaft
pulses
wheel
receiver
transmitter
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US488861A
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English (en)
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Devaux Lucien
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L19/00—Apparatus or local circuits for step-by-step systems

Definitions

  • 'I heesubjectof the invention is :a printing teles graph system having a simple mechanism, capable of being used in eflices having no electric power source and. suitable particularly Whenthe speed of transmission can, without objection, be made "relatively low'and 'can be subordinatedto ease of operation without needof g-reat "timeiin learning the operation thereof, conditions that arise particularly in small-rural oflices.
  • the transmitting device includes a keyboard similar to that of a typewriter,
  • the tw'o shafts make a single turn at. substantially the same speed, this latter element being sy-n'chronized by means-of a tuning ⁇ forkin-each device.
  • Durin a portion ofthis rotation the transmitter sends out pulses varying-in number, depending upon the key'depressed.
  • the P0 tatingshaft uses the received pulses to operate releasing electromagnets, which -in-turncause the rotation of a typewheel, this latter rotating through -a definite angle, depending upon the number of received pulses.
  • the typewheel having thus been :brought into the desired position and the time interval allowed for the pulses having elapsed, the rotating shaft of the receiver causes the printing mechanism to operate .:in order to produce the printing of the character transmitted. Then it causes the paper tape -'-to advance While the-typewheelis being restoredto its starting position.
  • a feature of the present system residesin the combination-of the typewheel control-pulses so as to reduce to a minimum the total number of pulses for :each'character, Alternatingly positive and negative pulses aroused, and to each character is assigned a definite number-of such'positive and negative pulses.
  • a slow. rotational speed of the main shaft. of the tvpewheel is :an essential, requirement for the driving .oi the mechanism "by means :01 clockwork actuatedliby- 1 a :springv mequiring only feasible winding-up force and not too frequent replacement.
  • Fig. 1 shows one embodiment of a device according 'to this invention, for determining adjustment of the rotational speed of a. shaft by means of an escapement wheel. 7 I
  • Fig. 2 shows a portion of the pulse distributor of the transmitter sufiicient to illustrate the construction and operation thereof.
  • Fig. 3 shows one form of the mechanism of a keyboard key according to this invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows one form of the mechanism of the common pedal of one form of keyboard according to this invention.
  • Fig. 5' shows one form of themechanism of a typewheel aCCOrding to this invention
  • Fig. 6 shows one form of the distributor of 'a receiver according to this invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows one form of the general layout of a complete telegraph station according to this invention.
  • the transmitter and the receiver each use a shaft driven by clockwork, these two shafts rotating in synchronism.
  • the arrangement used for obtaining the regular rotation of these shafts will therefore be first described.
  • Fig. 1 the shaft whose movement must be regulated is shown at I. It is-arrangcd to be driven by clockwork including a spring 2 and a certain number of multiplier wheels, of which, in order to simplify the drawing, only two are shown at 3 and G.
  • the movement of the shaft is arrested by an arm 5 resting against a stop 6 formed by the armature of an electromagnet I.
  • Shaft I is provided with an escapement wheel 8 the'teeth of which can be engaged by an escapement pawl 9 carried by the armature of another electromagnet III, each forward and return movement of the armature producing'an escapement, in two steps, equal to one tooth of wheel 8.
  • the movement of the armature of electromagnet If) is controlled by a tuning-fork I I.
  • the circuit of electromagnet III is in series with the exciting coil I2 of the tuning-fork, which latter is in series with the contact I3, opened and closed by the movement of the prongs of the tuning-fork.
  • the circuit of electromagnets I and I2 is broken by the opening of a contact formed by springs M, which latter are operated by an arm I mounted on shaft I.
  • a prism IB attached to the end of an arm carried by shaft I, is placed between the prongs of tuning-fork I I, these prongs being bent so that in passing therethrough, when shaft I starts to rotate, prism IB will draw them apart slightly and then release them suddenly.
  • Toothed wheel 8 has a toothless portion II.
  • pawl 9 In normal position, pawl 9 is facing the beginning of this portion I7, so that, when magnet 'I is energized and arm 5 is released, shaft I can turn through a small angle in the direction of the arrow before the first tooth of wheel 8 is engaged by pawl 9.
  • This first movement is used for causing prism I6 .to force its way in between the prongs of the tuning-fork and to release them for starting the vibration.
  • the vibration is maintained then, by magnet I2, which latter is suppliedby battery.
  • IB'feeding electromagnet In via contact fork being regulated and constant, the time it I4,which latter was closed from the beginning of the rotation.
  • Each closing and each opening of contact I3 produced by the vibration of the tuning-fork causes a forward and return movement of pawl 9, and wheel 8 turns by the extent of one tooth, each time.
  • the vibration period of the tuningtakes one tooth of wheel 8 to pass along is quite definite and, hence, the time required for a complete turn is constant.
  • the rotation occurs by jerks, but damping springs may be provided between shaft I and wheel 8 in order to make the rotary movement regular to a certain extent and lessen the degree and force of the impact of the teeth of wheel 8 against the prongs of pawl 9.
  • All the tuning-forks of one and the same set of devices are adjusted to the same frequency, so that the speed of the shafts of two correspond ing devices is substantially equal; therefore, if the transmitter shaft is released at the same instant as the receiver shaft, the two shafts will constantly occupy the same angular positions at y a given instant. As will be explained later on, a
  • shaft I Whenever shaft I is mentioned hereinafter, it will mean a shaft subjected to driving torque from a spring through clockwork and whose rotational speed is regulated by a tuningfork by substantially instantly bringing the tuning-fork into vibration as soon as the shaft, normally held by a pawl, is released.
  • Shaft I is common to the transmitter and to the receiver of one and the same telegraph station. It is normally engagedwith the receiver shaft, which hence istermed IR, so that this sta tion shall at all times be ready to receive a message.
  • shaft I is separated from receiver shaft IR and is engaged with the transmitter shaft, which is termed IT.
  • IT The engaging and disengaging operation -is performed automatically through the sending of a character, as will be hereinafter explained.
  • the transmitter includes a keyboard for sending characters. mechanism whose function is first to send a current pulse of definite sign, which will be assumed to bepositive, so as to release shaft I simultaneously at each of two corresponding stations.
  • a single distributor shown schematically in Fig. 2, serves to send out the current pulses in the order desired. It is composed of a series of spring contacts operated in sequence by an arm I9 mounted on shaft IT, a relay 20 cooperating with the distributor for the sending of the first pulse.
  • the springs consist of I3 groups numbered from 2
  • line conductor L is transferred from the receiver to the transmitter through the opening of contact 31.
  • the passage of arm [9 under spring groups 22 to 35 produces successively the grounding of the positive and of the negative pole of battery 34, this permutation being repeated six times, the other pole being connected each time to wires 38 to 49.
  • the even wires correspond to the negative pulses and the odd wires to the positive pulses.
  • the keyboard keys serve to connect wires 38 to 49, in suitable fashion, to line L, for the sending thereover of the number of pulses, of each sign, corresponding to the code symbol for the particular character to be transmitted.
  • a negative pulse can be sent by connecting wire 38' to the line, two pulses with the use of wire 46, three with the use of wire 42, etc., and finally six with the use of wire 48.
  • the keyboard keys must therefore be arranged so as to close two contacts that will connect the distributor to the line at two suitable points, it being understood that, when the code of the letter comprises a zero, the pulse springs, regardless of whether positive or negative pulses are involved, are not connected at all to the line.
  • relay 29 was slow acting. This time lag constitutes a precaution against the effect of a slight default in synchronism between the corresponding stations. It is, in fact, necessary that at the beginning of each signal the shafts of both stations be exactly at their null positions. If, owing to a slight maladjustment, the receiver should be lagging with respect to the transmitter, it could not catch up with it in case of signals being transmitted, without stopping, and the synchronism would thereby be destroyed.
  • the time lag provided by relay offsets such possible defect, by causing the transmitter to make a stop for a short period, thus giving the receiver shaft time to complete its rotation, regardless of the direction of the trans- 1111851011.
  • This key includes a lever 50, provided with a button 5! bearing the designation of the character to be transmitted thereby.
  • the lever pivots on a rod 52 and is pulled upwards by a spring 53.
  • Lever 5 Ui carries a pivoting hook 54, which a spring? 55 keeps engaged with the end of a lever 56. This latter pivots on a rod- 51 and a spring 58 keeps it inits normal position.
  • Lever 56 carries a tongue: 59, which pivots on a pin 69 and which, when at rest, is maintained between a stationary bar BI and a member 62 oscillating around a stationary rod 63'.
  • An interponent 64 attached to member 62 serves to operate a spring 65 to cause it to close the contacts of springs 66 and 61.
  • hook 54 When a key 5
  • Bar 68 is carried by arms 69 pivoting around rod 16, one of which arms carries a roller II that can be driven by the end of an arm I2 mounted on transmitter shaft IT.
  • pedal I3 serves to disengage receiver shaft IR, normally engaged with the clockwork shaft I (Fig. 1), and to engage this latter shaft with the transmitter shaft IT. Consequently, as soon as pedal I3 is depressed through the operation of any key, the starting pulse is sent out, and shaft IT starts to turn in the direction of the arrow.
  • Arm 12 drives roller II and bar 68 drives tongue 59, which latter, in moving, drives member 62.
  • Interponent 64 then closes the contacts between spring 65 and the two springs 66 and 61.
  • Member 62 is locked immediately in position by catch 11, which, under the urging of spring 78, engages the notch of member 62.
  • Contact spring 65 is connected to the line wire.
  • Contact spring 66 is connected to one of the even numbered contact springs 38 to 48 of the distributor so as to send out the desired number of negative pulses.
  • contact spring 61 is connected to one of the odd numbered contact springs 39 to 49 so as to send out the negative pulses.
  • an arm 19 drives a roller carried by one of arms 8
  • Bar 83 normally is drawn out of the path of lever 56 by spring 84, but member 62 remains locked for the duration of the transmission of pulses, caused by the rotation of shaft IT which drives the distributor cam (Fig. 2).
  • a third arm 85 acts upon roller 86, carried by lever 81, which forms part of catch 11, This latter releases member 62, which returns to its normal position, thus opening the contacts of springs 66 and 61, the function of which is now completed.
  • Fig. 4 serves to explain the operation of pedal 13.
  • One of the arms I4 of this pedal carries a hook 88, similar to hook 54, pivoting on a rod 89 and provided with a spring 96 that tends to keep it engaged with the end of a bell-crank 9
  • is pulled by a spring 92 and it is provided with a pin 93 lodged in a hole at the end of a conmeeting-rod 94, which latter is forked at its other end.
  • the fork is engaged by astud95 attached. to a catch memberilt.pivoting-ontrunnions 91.,
  • Bar 96 common to all the keys, serves t jengage draws stud 95 to the bottom .of the forks Bell-crank 9
  • controlling contact 36 inserted in series with the circuit of relay 28 (Fig. ,2), and in addition it controls, via a connectionv not shown in the drawing, the disengaging of the receiver shaft and the engaging of the transmitter shaft. 7
  • does not entailthe disengagement of shaft IT, because the clutch mechanismis of the type of those used in printing telegraph apparatus and remains engaged untilthe shaft has made a complete turn. Thus the movement of the transmitter shaft continues, regardless of the position of pedal'IS.
  • the main part of the receiver is the typewheel, with its control mechanism.
  • the typewheel is a light weight wheel with raised characters around its periphery It is inked by a small felt;pad impregnated with preferably greasy ink, which pad bears lightly at one point. Since the type wheel makes one complete turn for each character transmitted, all the characters pass'constantly under the pad. I j
  • the movement of the wheel is controlled by epicycloidal gearing so that the negative pulses cause it to rotate by sevenths of a-turn jand the. positive pulses by sevenths of a seventh, i. e., by
  • second negative pulse causes it to rotate by a second seventh and the next two positive pulses cause it to rotate by two forty-ninths of a turn.
  • the wheel therefore rotates through a totalangle of 7+% i. e., /4 of a turn, and places the letter P in front of the printing bail.
  • the wheel continues its movement, so as to return to its initial position, by means of; pulses produced locally in the ,receiver..-
  • the typewheel control mechanism is shown, by way of example, in Fig. 5.
  • the typewheel I00 upon which bears inking-roller I6I, is mounted onshaft IR, which is subjected to the action of main spring I03 through a differential associated with one of the clockwork wheels.
  • spring I03 drives wheel I64, which meshes with pinion I65, mounted on shaft I66.
  • This shaft carries arm I67, on which pivots a satellite pinion I68 that transmits the torque of spring I03 to two wheels, I69 and III
  • Wheel I69 is integral with a wheel I I I, this latter meshing with pinion H2, which forms part of the clockwork driving main shaft I.
  • the other wheel (I It) is integrally connected to a wheelII3, this latterwheel meshing with a pinion H6 mounted on shaft IR, which thus receives the torque of the driving spring.
  • Shaft I 62 carries an arm H5 constituting the supporting bearing of a satellite pinion H8, this latter meshing with two toothed wheels, I II and H8.
  • Wheel II? is associated with a wheel ll9 meshing with a wheel I28 mounted on the same shaft I2I as a seven-tooth escapement wheel I22 which is engaged by a pawl I23, mounted on the armature of an electromagnet I24.
  • the torque of shaft IR is therefore transmitted to wheel I22, and each forward and return movement of the armature of electromagnet I24 allows one tooth of the wheel to escape.
  • wheel II9 has 30 teeth'and wheel I25 ⁇ has 60, so that the escapement of each tooth of wheel I 22 causes wheel I2fl to rotate by one seventh of a turn, wheel H9 rotates by two sevenths and, through gearing I-I I--I I6, shaft I R rotates by one seventh of a turn, driving the typewheel.
  • wheel I teeth so that each tooth of wheel I28 causes wheel I25 to rotate by two sevenths of a seventh of a turn, 1. e., two forty-ninths of a turn, and.
  • the typewheel is therefore positioned by the movement of the armatures of electromagnets I24 and I30, electromagnet I243 making it advance by steps of one seventh of a turn and electromagnet I39 by steps of one forty-ninth of a turn.
  • the movement of the electromagnets is obtained by connecting them to the respective negative and positive contacts of a polarized relay receiving the line current, as will be hereinafter explained.
  • the typewheel is restored to its starting position by completing its rotation, this movement being controlled electrically.
  • I he distributor which will hereinafter be referred to in detail, closes the local circuit of electromagnets I24 and I36 viaa contact I3I in series with contacts operatedby the escapement wheels.
  • the circuit of electromagnet I24 includes a pair of springs I32, the contact of which is'closedat with springs I32, a second pair of springs I34,
  • the circuit of electromagnet I30 includes only one pair of springs I36, th contacts of which can be closed by six pins I 3], carried by six of the teeth of wheel I28.
  • the seventh tooth, which carries no pin, arrives in front of springs I36 when wheel I00 is in normal position, or' when its position does not differ from the normal position but by an exact number of sevenths of a turn.
  • the receiver distributor is shown in Fig. 6. Its function is to establish the circuits intended for the reception of the starting signal, the control of the advance of the typewheel according tothe received pulses, and the return of this wheel to its normal position. 7
  • Receiver shaft IR normally engaged with main clock-work-driven shaft I, carries an arm I39 acting as a cam. At the beginning, when the receiver is idling and awaiting the receipt of a message, arm I39 closes the contact I40, thus connecting the positive contact of polarized line relay MI to starting electromagnet I (Fig. 1). When a positive pulse is received, electromagnet I is energized and shaft I and, hence, shaft IR are both brought into operation.
  • Fig. '7 showing an example .of a general layout .of a complete station, serves to show the connections between the various .elements that have been above described, separately, the same reference numbers having been affixed to the various members.
  • the springs of the transmitter distributor have not been shown in ,detail, and the cams and other members the function of which is merely mechanical are not shown.
  • the mechanism used to disengage receiver shaft IR and to.-engage transmitter shaft ITjwhen a key is depressed. is represented wholly schematically by slider I IZI, operated by a bell-crank I438, which letter is itself controlled by connecting-rod 9, 3.
  • the slider carries two forks I49 and. I 50, respectively acting so as .to cause members I5I and I52 to slide on shafts. IR and ,IT and so as to cause them to engage in the respective holes of discs I53 and I54 or disengage them therefrom. 7
  • Line wire L normally is connected to polarized relay I II via contact 31, and consequently the station is alwaysready for reception. 7
  • contact 37 is opened and the negative and positive pulse's'constitutingthe code of the signal to be transmitted are sent by the distributor via the contact springs 65, IES'and 0'! of the key whichhas been depressed.
  • the transmitter distributor sends out two separate series of pulses of the same sign.
  • the first series corresponds to the negative pulses from 0 to 6 and the second series to the positive pulses, also from 0 to 6.
  • polarized relay IAI is replaced by a simple relay and the receiver distributor first connects the contact of this relay to electromagnet I24 during the time reserved for the pulses of the first series, then to electromagnet I30 during the time reserved for the obtained by changing the sign, it is necessary to reduce the length of each one of them, which entails a much more precise and fine construction of the apparatus.
  • the system that has just been described is intended for wired circuits, but it can evidently be adapted to radio links by replacing the positive and negative pulses by the modulation of the carrier wave with two frequencies and by separating these latter frequencies at the receiving end, by means of filters or resonant circuits.
  • a receiving type-wheel an intermittently operated driving escapement wheel, a tuning fork controlling the rotation of said escapement wheel and means for setting said tuning fork into vibration when said escapement wheel starts to rotate
  • said last means including a prism mounted so as to rotate in synchronism with said escapement wheel and positioned so as, upon rotation, to pass through the arms of said tuning fork and engage said arms so as to set said fork into vibration.
  • a system also including at the transmitter an intermittently rotating impulse sending arm and means for producing and transmitting a starting current pulse to both transmitter and receiver rotating drives, whereby said rotating arm and said escapement wheel are synchronously set into motion, and also including at said transmitter a slow-acting relay determining the start of rotation of said arm, and means for sending said starting pulse through said relay to compensate for any difference in time of operation between said transmitter and said receiver.
  • a distributor actuated synchronously with the rotation of said escapement wheel and acting to cause the starting, the positioning of the typewheel and the return thereof to the starting point.
  • System also including at the receiver adistributor actuated synchronously with the rotation of said escapement wheel and acting to cause the starting, the positioning of the typewheel and the return thereof to the starting point, also including means for controlling the rotation of the typewheel including the advance thereof through large and small angles,
  • said means including two escapement wheels
  • electromagnets controlling said escapement wheels, epicycloidal gearing and a differential connecting said escapement wheels and said typewheel, the operation of said electromagnets cori responding with negative and positive pulses, re-

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US488861A 1941-06-30 1943-05-28 Printing telegraph system controlled by vibrations of tuning forks Expired - Lifetime US2431314A (en)

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BE (1) BE477847A (en, 2012)
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1000078A (en) * 1909-06-16 1911-08-08 George C Cummings System for transmitting intelligence.
US2082575A (en) * 1933-08-04 1937-06-01 Ass Telephone & Telegraph Co Telegraph system
US2128242A (en) * 1934-05-16 1938-08-30 George A Graham Printing telegraph system
US2247162A (en) * 1938-05-02 1941-06-24 Firm Ing C Olivetti & C S A Start-stop code transmitter

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1000078A (en) * 1909-06-16 1911-08-08 George C Cummings System for transmitting intelligence.
US2082575A (en) * 1933-08-04 1937-06-01 Ass Telephone & Telegraph Co Telegraph system
US2128242A (en) * 1934-05-16 1938-08-30 George A Graham Printing telegraph system
US2247162A (en) * 1938-05-02 1941-06-24 Firm Ing C Olivetti & C S A Start-stop code transmitter

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CH233990A (de) 1944-08-31

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