US2429030A - Methods of suppressing foam on paper stock - Google Patents

Methods of suppressing foam on paper stock Download PDF

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Publication number
US2429030A
US2429030A US407903A US40790341A US2429030A US 2429030 A US2429030 A US 2429030A US 407903 A US407903 A US 407903A US 40790341 A US40790341 A US 40790341A US 2429030 A US2429030 A US 2429030A
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United States
Prior art keywords
calcium
web
formation
foam
methods
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US407903A
Inventor
Francis G Rawling
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West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co
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West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co
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Publication date
Application filed by West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co filed Critical West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co
Priority to US407903A priority Critical patent/US2429030A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2429030A publication Critical patent/US2429030A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/24—Addition to the formed paper during paper manufacture
    • D21H23/26—Addition to the formed paper during paper manufacture by selecting point of addition or moisture content of the paper
    • D21H23/28—Addition before the dryer section, e.g. at the wet end or press section
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/62—Rosin; Derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/06—Paper forming aids
    • D21H21/12—Defoamers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/50—Spraying or projecting

Definitions

  • My present invention relates to an improved method of suppressing foam on the Fourdrinier wire when the paper is formed out of pulp containing rosin and alum size.
  • foam which consists of bubbles of varying size, is to create marks in the finished paper which are particularly noticeable when the paper is examined by light transmitted through it.
  • steam sprays are used to break up bubble formation either on the Fourdrinier wire or in the flow boxes, and sometimes at other places behind the flow box, as for example, on the riflies leading thereto. The force of the steam sprays above the Fourdrinier wire. however. tends to spatter the stock and spoil the formation of the sheet.
  • the type of reagent which I have found to work best is a dilute solution of alkali metal (including ammonium) salt yielding anions which remove calcium ions and hence destroy the activity of the calcium resinate, or any other calcium compound responsible for the bubble formation.
  • the solution which I prefer for the purpose is sodium or other alkali metal stearate yielding stearate ions in solution, although other soaps may be used, as hereinafter mentioned.
  • the reagent is added in the form of a spray upon the web on the Fourdrinier wire a short distance beyond the fiow box, as for example, just rearward of the dandy roll.
  • a concentration of solution that I have found satisfactory is from one-half to two pounds of sodium stearate in fifty gallons of water which is sprayed upon the Fourdrinier wire at the region mentioned.
  • the concentration of the sprayed solution is, however, not critical within wide limits.
  • the actual quantity of sodium stearate used is relatively slight.
  • I have found seven pounds of sodium stearate for this period to be 2 sufflcient; it being understood, however, that the operator will vary the amount to suit the conditions that he is dealing with (notably, the hardness of the water), whereby this amount will vary considerably.
  • the action of the sprayed reagent' is to depress the concentration of calcium ions at the surface of the web, thus enabling the surface of the sheet to be formed substantially free of foam marks before the concentration of calcium resinate can be restored there.
  • a very minute amount of the reagent is therefore required. If, on the other hand, it were attempted to add the reagent to the furnish to the machine, a very much greater quantity would be needed inas much as it would be necessary to suppress calcium ions throughout the entire furnish.
  • common laundry soap may be used although I find that of the soap-forming fatty acids the soluble stearates are the most effective; the palmitates are less so, for example.
  • the soluble arachidates and cerotates are likewise effective, but are much more expensive than the soluble stearates. I therefore prefer to use a solution of sodium stearate. It is obvious that unless the anion added forms a calcium salt substantially more insoluble than calcium resinate, the reagent will not be effective. I have further found that the use of sodium stearate, for example, not only prevents troublesome bubble formation, but smooths out ripples and:

Description

Patented Oct. 14, 1947 LIETHODS F SUPPRESSING FOAM ON PAPER STOCK Francis G. Rawling, Luke, Md., assgnor to West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, New York, 1 N. Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application August 22, 1941,
Serial No. 407,903
4 Claims. (c1. 92,-40) I My present invention relates to an improved method of suppressing foam on the Fourdrinier wire when the paper is formed out of pulp containing rosin and alum size. As is well known in the art, the action of foam, which consists of bubbles of varying size, is to create marks in the finished paper which are particularly noticeable when the paper is examined by light transmitted through it. Commonly steam sprays are used to break up bubble formation either on the Fourdrinier wire or in the flow boxes, and sometimes at other places behind the flow box, as for example, on the riflies leading thereto. The force of the steam sprays above the Fourdrinier wire. however. tends to spatter the stock and spoil the formation of the sheet.
I have now discovered that a principal reason for the formation of foam is the formation of calcium reslnate due to the presence of the rosin size in water used in pulping the stock which commonly is to some degree hard, i. e., containing calcium salts in solution, the calcium resinate formed acting as a stabilizer for the presumably colloidal matter causing persistence of bubbles. By introducing onto the surface of the web as it is being formed a suitable reagent which depresses the concentration of calcium ions at the surface of the web (and hence the quantity of calcium resinate in solution there), the foam formation is satisfactorily minimized. The type of reagent which I have found to work best is a dilute solution of alkali metal (including ammonium) salt yielding anions which remove calcium ions and hence destroy the activity of the calcium resinate, or any other calcium compound responsible for the bubble formation. The solution which I prefer for the purpose is sodium or other alkali metal stearate yielding stearate ions in solution, although other soaps may be used, as hereinafter mentioned. Preferably the reagent is added in the form of a spray upon the web on the Fourdrinier wire a short distance beyond the fiow box, as for example, just rearward of the dandy roll. The foam occurring here is commonly referred to as "dandy bubbles." A concentration of solution that I have found satisfactory is from one-half to two pounds of sodium stearate in fifty gallons of water which is sprayed upon the Fourdrinier wire at the region mentioned. The concentration of the sprayed solution is, however, not critical within wide limits. The actual quantity of sodium stearate used is relatively slight. Thus, in a Fourdrinier having a capacity of 35 tons of paper per twenty-four hours I have found seven pounds of sodium stearate for this period to be 2 sufflcient; it being understood, however, that the operator will vary the amount to suit the conditions that he is dealing with (notably, the hardness of the water), whereby this amount will vary considerably.
As above pointed out, the action of the sprayed reagent'is to depress the concentration of calcium ions at the surface of the web, thus enabling the surface of the sheet to be formed substantially free of foam marks before the concentration of calcium resinate can be restored there. A very minute amount of the reagent is therefore required. If, on the other hand, it were attempted to add the reagent to the furnish to the machine, a very much greater quantity would be needed inas much as it would be necessary to suppress calcium ions throughout the entire furnish.
As a source of the effective agent, common laundry soap may be used although I find that of the soap-forming fatty acids the soluble stearates are the most effective; the palmitates are less so, for example. The soluble arachidates and cerotates are likewise effective, but are much more expensive than the soluble stearates. I therefore prefer to use a solution of sodium stearate. It is obvious that unless the anion added forms a calcium salt substantially more insoluble than calcium resinate, the reagent will not be effective. I have further found that the use of sodium stearate, for example, not only prevents troublesome bubble formation, but smooths out ripples and:
waves in the stock whereby a smoother sheet is formed.
I claim:
l. The method of suppressing foam formed during the formation of a paper web on the Fourdrinier wire, when such web is formed of stock containingrosin size and sufficient calcium resinate to cause foaming, which consists in spraying on the web on the Fourdrinier wire before the formation of the sheet is completed a dilute solution of an alkali metal stearate and thereby forming an insoluble calcium stearate on the surface of said stock.
2. The method of suppressing foam formed during the formation of a paper web on the Fourdrinier wire when such web is formed of stock containing rosin size and sufilcient calcium resinate to cause foaming, which consists in spraying on the web on the Fourdrinier wire before the formation of the sheet is completed a dilute solution of a water-soluble fatty acid soap and thereby forming on the surface of the stock the correponding calcium soap which is insoluble.
3. The method of suppressing foam formed during the formation of apeper web on'the' Fourdrinier wire when such webis formed of stock containing rosin size and sumcient calcium resinate to cause foaming, which consists in spraying on the web on the .Fourdrinierwwire betore the formation of the sheet, is completed asolutioncontaining a fatty acid anion capable of depressing substantially the concentration of calcium ions in solutionin thestock, and forming antinsoluble calcium soap onthe surface of "the stools the region before the dandy rolladilutesolution of a water-soluble vfatty acidsoap, thereby forming on the surface of the stockthe corresponding calcium soap which isvinsolubie.v
, FRANCIS; G; RAWLING.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of.recor'd in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1 ,839,449 Sutermeister'et a1. J an. 5', 1932 1,986,291 'Schur Jan. 1, 1985- 989425 Rogers ;-1 Apr; 11,1911 2,209,591 Barnes July '30, 1940 1,958,202 Novak May'B, 1934 2,093,576 Seggessemann Sept. 21,193! 2,102,051. Woelflin- Dec. 14', 1937 2,151,963 Eladmark Mar; 28; 1939 2,169,369 Osterlok Aug; 15, 1939' 2,097,121 Fromm -0ct..26,- 1937 2,304,304 Fritz' Dec. 8, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS Number 2 Country Date 473,643 Great Britain Oct. 18, 1937 OTHER REFERENCES Canadian Chemistry and Process Industries,
Jan. 1940,11. 29.
Paper Trade Journal, June 23, 1938, p.-.18.
The Manufacture of Pulpandchemistry, vol; 4, 3d ed., 1938, Sec. 5, p.=28; vol. 5, '25 1,.ppl 100-101.
PulpandPaper Magazine of Canada, Nov; "27, 1919, pp. 10221-1023.
3d 'ed., 1939, Sect
US407903A 1941-08-22 1941-08-22 Methods of suppressing foam on paper stock Expired - Lifetime US2429030A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2668150A (en) * 1951-03-26 1954-02-02 Nat Aluminate Corp Antifoam compositions and method of foam inhibition
US2998845A (en) * 1960-02-10 1961-09-05 Arthur E Broughton Foam killing spray system for vacuum control assembly

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US989425A (en) * 1910-01-28 1911-04-11 Knight E Rogers Paper.
US1839449A (en) * 1928-04-07 1932-01-05 Warren S D Co Paper manufacture
US1958202A (en) * 1931-12-19 1934-05-08 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Method of making sizing material
US1986291A (en) * 1933-11-23 1935-01-01 Brown Co Manufacture of absorbent waterlaid webs of felted fiber
US2093576A (en) * 1934-09-25 1937-09-21 Nat Oil Prod Co Sulphonated esters of fatty acids and methods of making the same
GB473643A (en) * 1936-12-10 1937-10-18 Pattilloch Processes Inc Improvements in method of reducing or eliminating foam formation in the process of making paper
US2097121A (en) * 1935-06-26 1937-10-26 Lehmann & Voss & Company Process for prevention and removal of foam in the manufacture of paper
US2102051A (en) * 1936-06-16 1937-12-14 Petroleum Rectifying Co Method of separating emulsions of the oil-in-water type
US2151963A (en) * 1934-11-12 1939-03-28 Fladmark Erling Method of eliminating foam and froth from the surfaces of fluids and semifluids
US2169369A (en) * 1936-11-17 1939-08-15 Du Pont Process for scrubbing gases containing low boiling aldehydes
US2209591A (en) * 1936-01-20 1940-07-30 Union Oil Co Well drilling fluid
US2304304A (en) * 1939-05-31 1942-12-08 Nat Oil Prod Co Defoamer

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US989425A (en) * 1910-01-28 1911-04-11 Knight E Rogers Paper.
US1839449A (en) * 1928-04-07 1932-01-05 Warren S D Co Paper manufacture
US1958202A (en) * 1931-12-19 1934-05-08 Raybestos Manhattan Inc Method of making sizing material
US1986291A (en) * 1933-11-23 1935-01-01 Brown Co Manufacture of absorbent waterlaid webs of felted fiber
US2093576A (en) * 1934-09-25 1937-09-21 Nat Oil Prod Co Sulphonated esters of fatty acids and methods of making the same
US2151963A (en) * 1934-11-12 1939-03-28 Fladmark Erling Method of eliminating foam and froth from the surfaces of fluids and semifluids
US2097121A (en) * 1935-06-26 1937-10-26 Lehmann & Voss & Company Process for prevention and removal of foam in the manufacture of paper
US2209591A (en) * 1936-01-20 1940-07-30 Union Oil Co Well drilling fluid
US2102051A (en) * 1936-06-16 1937-12-14 Petroleum Rectifying Co Method of separating emulsions of the oil-in-water type
US2169369A (en) * 1936-11-17 1939-08-15 Du Pont Process for scrubbing gases containing low boiling aldehydes
GB473643A (en) * 1936-12-10 1937-10-18 Pattilloch Processes Inc Improvements in method of reducing or eliminating foam formation in the process of making paper
US2304304A (en) * 1939-05-31 1942-12-08 Nat Oil Prod Co Defoamer

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2668150A (en) * 1951-03-26 1954-02-02 Nat Aluminate Corp Antifoam compositions and method of foam inhibition
US2998845A (en) * 1960-02-10 1961-09-05 Arthur E Broughton Foam killing spray system for vacuum control assembly

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