US2426175A - Direction finder - Google Patents

Direction finder Download PDF

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Publication number
US2426175A
US2426175A US468668A US46866842A US2426175A US 2426175 A US2426175 A US 2426175A US 468668 A US468668 A US 468668A US 46866842 A US46866842 A US 46866842A US 2426175 A US2426175 A US 2426175A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
lines
directional
translator
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US468668A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Henri G Busignies
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STC PLC
Federal Telephone and Radio Corp
Original Assignee
Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL69482D priority Critical patent/NL69482C/xx
Priority to BE480683D priority patent/BE480683A/xx
Application filed by Standard Telephone and Cables PLC filed Critical Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority to US468668A priority patent/US2426175A/en
Priority to FR951017D priority patent/FR951017A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2426175A publication Critical patent/US2426175A/en
Priority to CH270290D priority patent/CH270290A/de
Priority to FR58517D priority patent/FR58517E/fr
Priority to DEF4305A priority patent/DE874033C/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
    • H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
    • H03H11/16—Networks for phase shifting
    • H03H11/20—Two-port phase shifters providing an adjustable phase shift
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/04—Details
    • G01S3/06—Means for increasing effective directivity, e.g. by combining signals having differently oriented directivity characteristics or by sharpening the envelope waveform of the signal derived from a rotating or oscillating beam antenna
    • G01S3/065—Means for increasing effective directivity, e.g. by combining signals having differently oriented directivity characteristics or by sharpening the envelope waveform of the signal derived from a rotating or oscillating beam antenna by using non-directional aerial
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/18—Networks for phase shifting
    • H03H7/185—Networks for phase shifting comprising distributed impedance elements together with lumped impedance elements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to direction finders, and more particularly to direction finders provided with sensing antenna designed to operate over a relatively wide frequency band.
  • the effective height of the directive system decreases with the frequency and the effective height of the omni-directional antenna remains constant throughout the frequency shifts. Accordingly, there is generally required an adjustment in amplitude between the energy obtained from the directional system if the frequency is varied.
  • It is a further object of my invention to provide a uni-directional antenna system comprising a directional antenna and a sensing antenna, wherein proper phase relation and amplitude relation of the energy from the two antennae will remain constant over a relatively wide frequency band.
  • I provide a direction finder of the type having two spaced antenna elements coupled together in phase opposition to provide a directive antenna and an omni-directional unit used as a sensing antenna.
  • a pair of conductor lines form at least a part of one of the transmission lines coupling the omni-directional or the directional antenna made longer and shorter in length from the length of the line coupling the other antenna to the device by equal amounts, and are coupled together at their ends remote from the antenna in phase opposition.
  • the coupling to the translator is effected, either directly or through a further transmission line.
  • the two conductor lines differ in length by an amount equal to the spacing between the two antenna units forming the directive antenna, or close to this value, taking into account the lower speed of the wave into the high frequency lines.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram of an embodiment of my invention
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are vector diagrams demonstrating the principles of my invention
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a modified form of my invention applied to a different antenna system
  • Fig. 5 is a still further modification of my invention applied to a loop antenna arrangement; and.
  • Fig. 6 is a still further modification of my invention.
  • the directional antenna comprises two mono-polar antenna units DI, D2 spaced apart a distance d, and coupled together in phase opposition by means of transmission line Ll provided with a transposition T.
  • Decouplers may be provided, if desired, at M and 5.6 to couple line Ll with antenna elements DI and D2, respectively. I use the term decoupler for these circuits in preference to the term coupler since the decoupling effect of the coupling unit is directly in point in these circuits.
  • These coupling units or decouplers are preferably of the type described more fully in the copending application of A. G. Richardson and myself, Serial No. 440,154, filed April 23, 1942.
  • the midpoint of line Ll is coupled over a line L2, transformer H, and transmission line ll! to receiver i3.
  • Sensing antenna Si is coupled through a decoupler [5, two transmission conductor lines L3 and L4, joined together in phase opposition at junction point I 'i by reason of a transposition l8; transformer l2, which together with transformer ll, may be considered as a common translator; and transmission line H] to the same receiver l3.
  • Conductor lines L3 and L4 are made respectively longer and shorter than line L2 by equal amounts, and conductors Ll, L and L5 are made of the same length.
  • FIG. 2 is illustrated a vector diagram for the directional antenna arrangement DI, D2, Li.
  • the energy in each of the units will be vectorially in the same direction.
  • the vectors RDi and RDZ will be of equal amplitude and opposite polarity, so that no energy is applied to line L2. This corresponds to the zero or null position of the direction finding unit.
  • vectors R131 and RD will be rotated to a position as shown in solid lines in Fig. 2, producing a resultant directional vector RD.
  • energy in omnidirectional antenna Si will produce the vector RSI in antenna SI as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3.
  • lines L3 and L4 be of such length that their difference in length is equal to the space d between directional units Di and D2.
  • the energy sent over the two branches of line LI and over lines L3 and L4 should be the same. Therefore, the decoupler devices I4, 55 and It should be designed to apply the same voltage across the lines at all frequencies.
  • the directional unit be of the type shown in Fig. 1, as the directional unit may take other forms such as the form of the dipole units shown in Fig. 4, for example.
  • the directional unit may take other forms such as the form of the dipole units shown in Fig. 4, for example.
  • , 22, 23 and 24 in pairs arranged at right angles to one another and coupled together by transmission lines 25, 26, respectively through coupling units 1,2, 3 and 4 made of transformers or vacuum tubes. Lines 25 and 26 are in turn coupled by additional lines 2'1, 28 to a goniometer shown diagrammatically at 29.
  • a sensing antenna 55 is provided with coupler 5, cou- It should be understood that when energy approaches the system from a direction at right pled over a line 3
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a still further embodiment of my invention utilizing a loop antenna 55 used as the directional antenna system.
  • the vertical sides 5i, 52 of loop may be considered as the antenna pick-up elements since they are the ones effective in direction finding. These elements 5i, 52 are coupled together in phase opposition to a transmission line 53 extending to the common coupling unit 54.
  • Sensing antenna 55 is provided with a decoupler 56 which, in turn, is coupled to translater means 54 over the pair of lines 51, 58 and further line 59.
  • lines 51 and 58 are made of such a length that the difference therein is equal to the spacing between 5
  • the omni-directional antenna system of Fig. 5 may be substituted for the corresponding antenna systems in either Figs. 1 or 4, and similarly the directional antenna system of Figs. 1 and 4 may be substituted for that of Fig. 5, if desired.
  • Fig. 6 The arrangement of Fig. 6 is similar to that of Fig. 5 using vertical antenna units in place of a loop.
  • the directive antenna comprises two antenna units 6!), 6
  • the junction point of lines L55, L5I is coupled by lines L55 to common coupling means 68.
  • Sensing antenna 65 is coupled over decoupler 66 and lines L52, L53, L54 to the same common'coupling means 68.
  • the relation of the lines may be simply expressed as follows:
  • phase corrector network applied in the line between the sensing antenna and the translator.
  • the sense indication of the direction finder made in accordance with the principles of my invention will operate over a wide frequency band, it being necessary only that the spacing between the elements of the directive unit be not greater than a half wavelength at the highest frequency of the band to be covered by the system in accordance with my invention, for example, a frequency ratio of as high as ten to one may be readily received while maintaining proper phase and amplitude relation between the energy from the directive and sensing antenna units.
  • a direction finder of the type having two spaced antenna means coupled together in phase opposition to provide a directional antenna, a translator, a transmission line coupling said directional antenna system to said translator, an omni-directional sensing antenna, and a second transmission line for coupling said omni-directional antenna to said translator
  • means for assuring in-phase relationship between energy from said omni-directional antenna and from said directional antenna system in said translator device comprising a pair of conductor lines forming at least a part of one of said transmission lines intermediate one of said antennae and said translator, said conductor lines differing in length, and being coupled together co-phasally at their ends arranged nearest said one antenna and in phase opposition at their ends remote from said one antenna, the combined electrical lengths of the transmission line including said pair of conductor lines as measured from said one antenna to said translator along both conductor lines of said pair being substantially equal to twice the length of the transmission line between the other antenna and said translator.
  • a direction finder of the type having two spaced antenna means coupled together in phase opposition to provide a directional antenna, a translator, a transmission line coupling said directional antenna system to said translator, an omni-directional sensing antenna, and a second transmission line for coupling said omni-directional antenna to said translator
  • the combination of means for assuring in-phase relationship between energy from said omni-directional antenna and from said directional antenna system in said translator device comprising a pair of conductor lines forming at least a part of one of said transmission lines intermediate one of said antennae and said translator, said conductor lines diifering in length by the spacing between said spaced antenna means, and being coupled together co-phasally at their ends arranged nearest said one antenna and in phase opposition at their ends remote from said one antenna, the combined electrical lengths of the transmission line including said pair of conductor lines as measured from said one antenna to said translator along both conductor lines of said pair being substantially equal to twice the length of the other transmission line between the other antenna and. said translator.
  • a direction finder according to claim 2, wherein said conductor lines are made longer and shorter, respectively, than the transmission line between said other transmission line by half the spacing between said spaced antenna means.
  • a direction finder according to claim 2, wherein said conductor lines are relatively short with respect to the total length of the corresponding transmission line, and are coupled at their near end to said one antenna by a decoupler device, and at their remote ends over a length of transmission line to said translator.
  • a direction finder wherein said conductor lines are relatively short with respect to the total length of the corresponding transmission line and are coupled at their near end to said one antenna by a length of transmission line and a decoupler, and at their remote ends to said translator by a coupling coil.
  • a direction finder of the type having two spaced antenna means coupled together in phase opposition to provide a directional antenna, a translator, a transmission line coupling said directional antenna system to said translator, an omni-directional sensing antenna, and a second transmission line for coupling said omni-directional antenna to said translator
  • the combination of means for assuring in-phase relationship between energy from said omni-directional antenna and from said directional antenna system in said translator device comprising a pair of conductor lines forming at least a part of said second transmission line, said conductor lines differing in length by the spacing between said spaced antenna means, and being coupled together co-phasally at their ends arranged nearest said omnl-directional antenna and in phase opposition at their end remote from said one antenna, the combined electrical lengths of the transmission line including said pair of conductor lines as measured from said omni-directional antenna to said translator along both conductor lines of said pair being substantially equal to twice the length of said first transmission line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US468668A 1942-12-11 1942-12-11 Direction finder Expired - Lifetime US2426175A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL69482D NL69482C (pt) 1942-12-11
BE480683D BE480683A (pt) 1942-12-11
US468668A US2426175A (en) 1942-12-11 1942-12-11 Direction finder
FR951017D FR951017A (fr) 1942-12-11 1947-08-05 Radiogoniomètres à large bande de fréquence
CH270290D CH270290A (de) 1942-12-11 1947-09-30 Peilanordnung mit breitem Frequenzband.
FR58517D FR58517E (fr) 1942-12-11 1948-02-26 Radiogoniomètres à large bande de fréquence
DEF4305A DE874033C (de) 1942-12-11 1950-10-01 Peilanordnung mit Seitenbestimmung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US468668A US2426175A (en) 1942-12-11 1942-12-11 Direction finder

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2426175A true US2426175A (en) 1947-08-26

Family

ID=23860742

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US468668A Expired - Lifetime US2426175A (en) 1942-12-11 1942-12-11 Direction finder

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2426175A (pt)
BE (1) BE480683A (pt)
CH (1) CH270290A (pt)
DE (1) DE874033C (pt)
FR (2) FR951017A (pt)
NL (1) NL69482C (pt)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2485619A (en) * 1941-11-29 1949-10-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Direction-responsive receiver
US2578966A (en) * 1948-06-14 1951-12-18 Fr Sadir Carpentier Soc Radio-goniometric system

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2313047A (en) * 1941-08-01 1943-03-09 Fed Telephone & Radio Corp Direction finding system

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2313047A (en) * 1941-08-01 1943-03-09 Fed Telephone & Radio Corp Direction finding system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2485619A (en) * 1941-11-29 1949-10-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Direction-responsive receiver
US2578966A (en) * 1948-06-14 1951-12-18 Fr Sadir Carpentier Soc Radio-goniometric system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR58517E (fr) 1954-01-27
CH270290A (de) 1950-08-31
NL69482C (pt)
DE874033C (de) 1953-04-20
BE480683A (pt)
FR951017A (fr) 1949-10-13

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