US2422209A

US2422209A - Oil burner

Info

Publication number: US2422209A
Application number: US513016A
Authority: US
Inventors: Herbert M Reeves; Leslie F Vixler
Original assignee: FLORENCE STOVE CO
Current assignee: FLORENCE STOVE Co
Priority date: 1943-12-06
Filing date: 1943-12-06
Publication date: 1947-06-17
Anticipated expiration: 1964-06-17

Description

'June 17, 1947. H. M. REEVES El AL- 2,

OIL BURNER Filed Dec 6. 1943 4 2 Sheets- 85061; ,1-

7 June 17, 1947. REEVES ET AL 2,422,209

OIL BURNER Filed Dec. 6. 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented June 17, 1947 on. BURNER Herbert M. Reeves and Leslie F. Vixler, Kankakee, Ill., assignors to Florence Stove Company, Gardner, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Application December 6, 1943, Serial No. 513,016

Claims. (Cl. 158-91) The invention relates to improvements in liquid fuel burners and more particularly to burners of the so-called pot type adapted for burning oil.

One object of the invention is to provide a burner of the above general type having a fuel burning receptacle or pot .and a bafile structure which embody novel features of construction and which are arranged to cooperate in a novel and advantageous manner to provide improved performance at low fuel feeding rates as well as efficient performance at medium and highfuel feeding rates, to provide rapid change from low fire to high fire operation when the fuel feed is increased, and to effectually eliminate pulsations of fire when operated at low or intermediate fuel feeding rates.

' It is also an object of the invention to provide I a pot type oil burnerof simple, sturdy construc-' tion, which is inexpensive to manufacture yet efiicient and reliable in operation.

Other objects and advantages of the invention an upstanding flange l0 converging inwardly towards the central'axis of the opening. Fuel oil is supplied to the pot 5 through a pipe under control of conventional fuel feeding devices (not shown) which determine the feed rate in well known manner.

To obtain uniformly efiicient performance of the burner under widely varying fuel feeding rates we construct the pot 5 of generally spherical form and provide therein a baffie structure it. of novel and advantageous construction. The pot provides in its lower part, that is, below a, median plane,

a fuel vaporizing zone l3 having radially diverging side walls [4, The upper part of the pot 5 forms a chamber l5 having side wallslli converging radially to a central outlet ll. The fuel vaporized in the'zone l3 is'mixed \with air admitted through air inlet ports I8 in the walls I4 and I6.

By reason of the spherical contour of the-pot, liquid fuel delivered to the vaporizing zone is confined to a relatively small area when the feed rate will become apparent from the detailed description of the preferred embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which: I

Figure 1 is a sectional View of a liquid fuel .burner embodying the features of the invention,

the section being taken in a vertical plane substantially on the line l-] of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the burner.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken in a horizontal plane substantially on the line 33 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of the ballle units forming a. part of the improved combustion zone defining structure.

While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative constructions, we have shown in the drawings and will herein describe in detail the preferred embodiment, but it is to be understood that we do not thereby intend to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but intend to cover all modifications and alternative constructions falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings, the liquid fuel burner selected to illustrate the invention comprises a fuel receptacle or oil pot 5 adapted to be supported within a stove or furnace casing 6 of any preferred type. As herein shown, the pot 5 ls supported on a horizontal partitioning member I extending transversely across the casing 6 and dividing it into vertically spaced air and combustion chambers 8 and 9. The partitioning member I is formed with a central opening for the recep-- tion of the pot 5. which opening is encircled by is low but is permitted to spread over a progressively larger area as the feed rate is increased. Uniform vaporization of the liquid fuel and consequently eflicient comb'ustion is thus obtained at all feed rates within the limits for which the pot is designed. The diverging sidewalls 4 permit the vaporized fuel to expand as it rises through the vaporizing zone and, in combination with the bafile structure 12, thoroughly mixes the fuel with the air entering through the ports l8 thereby insuring complete and clean combustion of the fuel.

To simplify the manufacture and assembly and to facilitate replacement and repair of worn or broken parts, the pot 5 is preferably constructed in two sections, namely, a bottom member 20 and .a top. member 2|,which may conveniently take ripheral flange 24 formed around the larger end of the member is adapted to register with the flange 22 of the bottom member, the flanges preferably meeting on the medial plane of the pot. The outer edge of-the flange 24 may be turned down as at 25 to assist in properly alinpartitioning member I.

into a generally cylindrical neck 26 which en circles and defines the central outlet I1 previously referred to. p

Means of a simple yet efiective character is provided for holding the top and bottom members of the pot in assembled relation and for supporting the assembled structure on the partitioning member I. This means, as herein shown, comprises a plurality of L-shaped brackets 29, one of which is shown in Fig. 1. One leg of the bracket is spot wel'ded'or otherwise suitably attached to the inner surface of the flange ID with the other leg projecting inwardly substantially flush with the lower surface of the The said other leg of each of the brackets 29 is adapted to extend over the flange 24 of the top member 2| and is threaded for the reception of a clamping screw 30 which acts through a V-shaped clamping member 3| to clamp the flange 22 of the bottom member 20- firmly against the lower face of the flange 24 and to support the weight of the pot.

Complete combustion of the fuel and air mixture produced in the pot 5 is insured by supplying a relatively large quantity of air through an annular passage 33 defined jointly by the partition flange I and the side walls I6 of the pot member 2|. As the side walls of the pot are heatedduring the operation of the burnerythe air flowing through the passage 33 is preheated before its delivery to the combustion zone.

Bosses 34 (Fig. 3) struck inwardly from the upper end of the flange l0 engage the neck 26 0f the pot to hold the parts in uniform spaced relation thus providing an annular air discharge'port 35 for the air passage 33. An. inwardly tapering fire ring 36 of cast iron or other suitable material supported on the upper end of the flan'ge l0 directs the preheated air stream toward the center of the pot outlet I! and thus assists in thoroughly mixing the vaporized fuel and air for complete combustion.

At high fuel feeding rates combustion of the vaporized fuel and air mixture takes placein the upper part of the pot and is completed at or above the outlet i1 upon mixture of the burn- I ing gases with the preheated air entering. through the, annular port 35. As the feeding rate is diminished combustion occurs at progressively lower levels in the pot, the'particular zone or level being determined by the baffle structure l2 s in conformity with the rate or fuel feed. r The baille structure l2 comprises a plurality an annular segment arranged in vertically and horizontally staggered relation around the inner walls of the pot 5. Thus. .in the exemplary burner, the bailie structure includes two upper rbaffle plates 40 and 4| each of such length as to subtend an arc of approximately 120. The up- :To'facilitate manufacture and assembly, the

lower baflie plates

42 and 43 are divided into

sections

42a, 42b, 43a and 43b, respectively, and one section of each plate is formed as a unit with one of the upper plates. Accordingly, s shown in Fig. 4, one of the baflie units comprises the upper plate 40 and sections 42a and 43b of the

lower plates

42 and 43 connected together by rigid vertical members 44 and 45 extending between the ends of the upper plate and the adjacent faces I of the respective lower plate sections. The baflle pot.

4 elements or plates and the members are preferably formed as a unitary casting.

The other baflie unit is similar to that'above described comprising the upper plate 4| and sections 42: and 43a of the lower plates 42. and 43.

Accordingly these units when installed within the pot define an annular series of baiiie plates with alternate plates overlapping those adjacent each end thereof and spaced vertically therefrom.

For supporting the baflie units in the pot 5,

brackets

46 and 41 are provided on the side walls l4 of the bottom member 20 of the pot. The brackets are preferably in'the form of nibs or lugs struck inwardly from the walls i4. As herein shown, two of the brackets 46 are formed on opposite sides of the member 20 closely adjacent the upper edge thereof for coaction with projections 48 on the outer edges of the upper ballle plates 40 and 4| which also act to hold the baillev plates in spaced relation to the side walls of the The brackets 41 are spaced substantially below the brackets 46 and are positioned for coaction with projections 49 on the outer edges of the baiile plate sections 42a, 42b, 43a and 43h. Lugs 50 struck in the side walls l4 between each pair of brackets 41 engage in recesses 5| formed by notches in adjacent corners of the plate sections to accurately locate the baflle units in the pot. Upstanding lugs 52 on the abutting ends of the baflle sections 42a, 42b, 43a and 43bassist in the alinement of thebaflle units. I

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings it will be observed that the

brackets

46 and 41 arevlocated so as to hold the baiile plates at an inclination effective 'to deflect the rising gases'upwardly toward the center of the pot. Moreover, the baflle plates are located, so that at leastone row of air inlet ports I8 open below the

lower baille plates

42 and 43 while ports of another row open between the lower plates and the uppe plates 4| and 42 and the remaining ports open above the upper plate. The proper amount of air for comof ports I 8 and a portion is deflectedinwardly of baflle elements or plates each in the form of toward the center of the pot by the inclined lower baflie plates 42 and. 43.

At intermediate and high fuel feeding rates,

I combustion takes place in the vicinity of or above the upper set of battle plates 40 and 4|, the rising fuel and air being thoroughly mixed by the action of both the upper and lower sets of baiiies and the pot walls. The gases rising between the

lower baflle plates

42 and 43 are deflected in wardly by the upper baflle plates 40 and 4| across the currents set up by the lower bafile plates. The thorough mixing of the fuel and air by the 1 joint action of the baffles and the pot walls insures complete and efiicient combustionof the fuel.

Burners constructed as above described have been found to have superior operating characteristics as compared with prior pot type burners.

The .baflie structure coacts with the bowl-shaped fuel receptacle or pot in producing a more thorough and intimate mixture of vaporized fuel and air while at the same time maintaining a smooth Thus the outwardl diverging side walls 14 of the lower section 20 of the pot permit the fuel vapors rising from the bottom of thepot. to ex position of the baflie plates, pockets for trapping I the gases are eliminated; The fuel and air mixture, therefore, burns cleanly and without pulsations or flickering even at the lowest fuel feeding rates.

A similar deflecting action with further mixing of the vaporized fuel and air is obtained at the upper row of baflie plates 40 and 4|. The gases deflected in this instance are mainly those which have passed up between the ends of the lower baflie plates and such gases are directed crosswise of the flow stream produced by the lower baffle plates so as to promote thorough mixing with .the air entering through the upper ports l8. A smooth even flow is maintained, however, by reason of the inclination of the said upper baflie plates, thus insuring clean pulsationless burning of the fuel at intermediate fuel feeding rates.

The intimate mixture and the smooth flow of the gaseous fuel and air at all fuel feeding rates permits rapid change from low fire to high fire operation. Moreover, in combination with the inwardly directed flow of preheated air through the annular port 35, it promotes clean and comfuel burns cleanly and without pulsations or flickering at any selected feeding rate.

We claim as our invention:

1. In a liquid fuel burner, in combination, a fuel receptacle of generally spherical contour having a central opening at the top and a plurality of air inlet ports disposed both above and below the median plane of the receptacle, means for supplying liquid fuel to said receptacle, the portion of said receptacle below said plane forming a chamber with radially diverging side walls adapted to confine the liquid fuel to a relatively smallarea while permitting rapid initial expansion of the same when vaporized, and a plurality of arcuate baflie plates arranged around the side walls of the receptacle, said baflie plates being inclined upwardly toward the center of the receptacle for cooperation with the walls of the receptacle in the mixing of the vaporized fuel and air.

2. In a liquid fuel burner, in combination, a fuel receptacle of generally spherical contour having a central opening at the top and a plurality of air inlet ports disposed above and below the median plane of the receptacle, means for supplying liquid fuel to said receptacle, the portion of said receptacle'below said plane forming a chamber with radially diverging side walls adapted to confine the liquid fuel to a relatively small area while permitting rapid initial expansion of the fuel when vaporized, a plurality of arcuate baflie plates arranged in staggered relation around the walls of said chamber in different vertically spaced planes, and means for supporting said baflie plates on the walls of said chamber.

3. In a liquid fuel burner, in combination, a fuel receptacle including a generally hemispherical vaporizing chamber having a bottom wall and side walls diverging sharply outwardly and upwardly therefrom so as to confine the liquid fuel to a relatively small area while permitting rapid initial expansion of the fuel when .vaporized, means for supplying liquid fuel to said receptacle, and a, plurality of baflie plates arranged in staggered relation around said diverging walls in different vertically spaced planes, said baflie plates being inclined upwardly and inwardly from said walls.

4. In a liquid fuel burner, in combination, a

fuel receptacle constructed of sheet metal stampings comprising 7 a substantially hemispherical bottom member forming a fuel vaporiz ing chamber, means for supplying liquid fuel to said receptacle, a top member in the form of a spherical segment adapted to be mounted over said bottom member, each of said members having a, plurality of sets of inlet ports for admitting air for mixture with the vaporized fuel, and a baiiie structure including a plurality of baffle plates supported within said bottom member with certain of said plates located above the lowermost set of ports and other of said plates located above the uppermost set of ports of the bottom member. I

, 5. In a liquid fuel burner, in combination, a cylindrical casing, a partitioning member extending across said casing and having a central opening encircled by an upwardly extending annular wall, a fuel receptacle of generallyspherical contour constructed of upper and lower sections meeting in a medial plane, means for supplying liquid fuel to said lower section, each of said sections having a plurality of air inlet'ports and said upper section having a central opening, flanges on the meeting edges of said sections, and brackets on said partitioning member engageable with said flanges to secure the top and bottom members together and to support the assembled members in predetermined spaced relation to the opening in the partitioning member, the wall encircling said opening coacting with the top section to define an annular air passage opening adjacent the top of the receptacle.

6. In a liquid fuel burner, in combination, a stove casing, a partitioning member extending across said casing and having a circular opening, a fuel receptacle 01' generally spherical contour supported on said member and disposed substantially coaxially in said opening, means for supplying liquid fuel to said receptacle, an annular inwardly converging flange upstanding from said partitioning member and encircling the upper portion of said receptacle to define therewith an air passage terminating in an annular port opening adjacent the top of the receptacle, and a. fire ring supported on said flange and extending over said port, said ring being shaped to deflect inwardly and upwardly the air discharged through said port.

'7. In a liquid fuel burner, in combination, a fuel receptacle of generally spherical contour having a central opening at the top, means for supplying liquid fuel to said receptacle,an annular member enclosing the upper portion of said receptacle and deflning therewith'a cylindrical air passage terminating in an upwardly opening annular the air entering through the port.

8. In a liquid fuel burner, in combination, a fuel receptacle including an upper section defining acombustion chamber, a generally hemispherical lower section defining a vaporizing chamber for liquid fuel, means for supplying liquid fuel to said vaporizing chamber, a plurality of arcuate baflie plates supported in the upper part of said vaporizing chamber at two vertically spaced levels,'said bottom sectionhaving a set of air inlet holes located below the bailie plates at the lower level and another set of air inlet holes located between the baflie plates, said baflie lates coacting with the hemi-spherical walls said bottom section to thoroughly mix the vaporized fuel with air entering through said holes and to direct the same into said combustion chamber.

9. In a liquid fuel burner, in .combination, a a fuel receptacle including an upper section defining a combustion chamber, a lower section having a substantially fiat bottom with hemi-spherical side walls rising directly from said bottom, means for supplying liquid fuel to said lower section, said lower section having a plurality of sets of air inlet ports adjacent its upper end, the hemispherical walls of said lower section serving to confine liquid fuel'to a relatively small area at the bottom of the section while permitting substantial expansion of vaporized fuel prior to its mixture with air entering through said ports, and a plurality of baille plates supported on the walls of said lower section, said baflle plates being arranged invertical and horizontal staggered relation with certain of said baille plates located .above the lower set of inlet ports and others located above the upper set of inletports whereby to produce a crosswise flow of vaporized fuel and air to effect a thorough'mixing of the same.

10. In a liquid fuel burner, in combination, a fuel receptacle includingan upper section defining a ,combustion chamber, a lower section 8 having a substantially flat bottom of relatively small area with side walls diverging sharply outwardly and somewhat upwardly therefrom,-"said lower. section defining avaporizing chamber for liquid fuel, means for supplying liquid fuel to said vaporizing chamber, and a plurality of generally arcuate baflle plates supported in the upper part of said vaporizing chamber at two vertically spaced levels, said lower section having sets of air inlet ports located respectively below and between the baflic plates at said two levels, said bafiie plates being inclined upwardly and inwardly from the side walls of said lower section for cooperation therewith in thoroughly mixing vaporized fuel and air and directing the mixture upwardly into said combustion chamber,in a smooth even flow adapted to insure clean pulsationless combustion of the same- HERBERT M. REEVES.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 720,889 Calkins Feb. 17, 1903 1,897,314 Little Feb. 14, 1933 2,194,135 Breese Mar. 19, 1940 2,207,553 Reeves July 9, 1940 2,212,078 Sabins Aug. 20, 1940 2,214,670 Gilmore et a1. ...i Sept. 10, 1940 2,230,276 Valjean Feb. 4, 1941 2,260,839 Miller et al.- Oct, 28, 1941 2,326,221 Hill Aug. 10, 1943 77,124 Suhr Apr. 21, 1868 990,347 Duncan Apr. 25, 1911 1,886,156 Breese Nov. 1, 1932 2,072,048 Leonard Feb. 23, 1937 2,311,570 Pyle Feb. 16, 1943 2,292,819 Breese Aug. 11, 1942 2,258,679 Hayter Oct. 14, 1941 2,275,149 Howard Mar. 3, 1942 2,339,637 Hayter Jan. 18, 1944 2,226,455 Wegner Dec. 24, 1940 2,287,346 Fishel June 23, 1942