US2422189A - Dielectric wave guide system - Google Patents

Dielectric wave guide system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2422189A
US2422189A US519267A US51926744A US2422189A US 2422189 A US2422189 A US 2422189A US 519267 A US519267 A US 519267A US 51926744 A US51926744 A US 51926744A US 2422189 A US2422189 A US 2422189A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
guide
aperture
window
wave guide
dielectric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US519267A
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English (en)
Inventor
Milan D Fiske
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR962086D priority Critical patent/FR962086A/fr
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US519267A priority patent/US2422189A/en
Priority to GB1460/45A priority patent/GB587812A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2422189A publication Critical patent/US2422189A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/08—Dielectric windows

Definitions

  • My invention relates to dielectric wave guides of the hollow pipe type for transmitting electromagnetic waves of ultra high frequency and, more particularly, to structures associated therewith for sectionalizing such a guide to permit operation of adjacent sections under different pressure conditions.
  • electromagnetic waves may be propagated through the interior of la hollow pipe type guide constructed of a conductive material-and containing a dielectric medium, such as air or gas, through which the energy of the wave is transmitted.
  • the frequency of the exciting electromagnetic waves must be greater than the critical minimum frequency established by the dimensions, principally the transverse dimensions, of the guide.
  • a dielectric guide there maybe placed within the interior of a dielectric guide a, metallic wall having an aperture which is tuned to the frequency of the exciting waves to effect a concentration of the potential due to the waves within or across a substantially small dimension of the aperture. If th intensity or magnitude of the exciting electromagnetic waves is increased, the magnitude of the potential diiference appearing between opposing surfaces of the aperture is also increased and, when the magnitude ofthis potential difference increases to a predetermined value established by the configuration of the aperture and dielectric strength of the medium surrounding the aperture, an electric discharge is established across the aperture thereby materially changing the propagation characteristics of the guide.
  • a structure of this nature may be employed, for example, in connection with an ultra high frequency system which is subjected to electromagnetic waves of considerable range of intensity and which utilizes the characteristics of the aperture to effect transmission or attenuation of the Waves within the guide.
  • One of the features of my invention is the provision in a metallic wall for sectionalizing a wave guide of a resonant aperture, such as a resonant slot, tuned substantially to the frequency of the exciting electromagnetic waves and which is designed toeffect a breakdown of the surrounding medium in the event the intensity of the electromagnetic waves attains or exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the presence of the electric discharge across the slot varies the effective dielectric constant of the dielectric medium through which the electromagnetic waves are propagated thereby changing the Wave guide from a propagator to an attenuator of the electromagnetic waves.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the A seal is provided across the resonant aperture and may comprise a vitreous dielectric window structure for the resonant aperture or slot in a wave guide; and Fig. 3 is a view of a modification of the wave guide window of my invention.
  • ultra high frequency electromagnetic WaVes may be propagated dielectrically through hollow pipe type guides where the frequency of the exciting electromagnetic waves is greater than a critical minimum frequency which, in turn, is determined principally b the transverse dimensions of the guide.
  • Such guides pref,- erably are constructed of aconductive material, such as copper or brass.
  • of high frequency electromagnetic waves may be transmitted dielectrically through hollow pipe type guides.
  • the transverse magnetic or TM type waves have both a longitudinal and a transverse component of electric field but only a, transverse component of magnetic field
  • the transverse electric or TE type waves have both a longitudinal and a transverse component of magnetic field but only a transverse component of electric field.
  • the dielectric wave guide may be ofrectangular cross section formed by conductive material, such as copper or brass, having a height a and a base dimension D.
  • Electromagnetic waves are established within the guide by suitable exciting electrodes which may have variousconfiguratioris depending upon the nature 'of the excitation required or desired.
  • One form which the input electrode or exciting means may assume is that of a concentric line including tubular outer conductor 1 and an inner conductor 2, the former of which is conductively connected to the bottom of the waveguide and the latter of which may be conductively connected to the top.
  • a metal wall 3 which may be constructed of a suitable alloy, such as an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy.
  • the wall 3 is provided with an aperture 4 having an appreciable dimension transverse to the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves within the guide.
  • the slot affords a principal dimension transverse to the electric component of the electromagnetic field and effects a concentration of the potential due to the wave across the upper and lower edges of the slot. This accentuation or concentration of the potential due to the wave is effected by virtue of the fact that the slot is tuned to the frequency of the exciting waves, i. e., causes little reflection of electromagnetic waves of this frequency.
  • the resonant aperture may be of the configuration .illustrated wherein the slot 4 is rectangular in shape.
  • a resonant slot of this type is described ingreater detail and claimed in my copendin application. Serial No. 458,422, filed September 15, 1942, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
  • a dielectric window 5 constructed of a suitable vitreous material, such as a boron-silicate glass, having substantially the same coefiicient of linear expansion as the alloy material of which the transverse wall3 is constituted.
  • the wall 3 and the associated dielectric window constitute one end of a sealed chambe or section of the dielectric wave guide, the longitudinal end of such section being provided by the end wall Moreover, many types Thus, one section may be operated at beyond the concentric electrode means I and 2.
  • the concentric line may glass is hermetically sealed in place, the window may be ground on both sides to obtain precise dimensions so that the surfaces of the glass 5 are coplanar with the surfaces of the wall 3. So constructed, the window 5 lies nearly in a single electrical plane, that is, it has very little phase extension along the guide. Hence, the effect of the window 5 and the resonant slot 4 can be compared to a single resonant circuit in a transmission line so far as their reflection properties are concerned.
  • the thin element constituted by the window 5 and the resonant slot 4 behaves as a parallel resonant circuit shunted across the line, this circuit having negligible resistance because of the high conductivity of the metal wall 3 and low dielectric loss in the glass 5.
  • the voltage Or Potential difference appearing between the upper and lower edges of the aperture 4 is eifected by the resonant characteristics of the aperture and the magnitude of this voltage difference increases as the magnitude of the exciting waves increases.
  • the dielectric material or medium adjacent to the window 5 across the aperture breaks down, that is, the voltage difference is sufficient to cause ionization of the medium and an electric discharge takes place across the aperture 4.
  • the wave transmitting characteristics of the guide are radically changed causing rapid attenuation of the electromagnetic waves within the vicinity of the wall 3.
  • This sputtering arises whenever the discharge, the area of which varies with the strength of the incident electromagnetic energy, becomes great enough that it extends over the entire window 5 and touches any portion of the metallic wall 3.
  • layer of glass 1 connected to the glass window 5 and extending over the portion of the metal wall 3 adjacent to the aperture 4.
  • the layer 1 has a minimum thickness and extends a substantial distance over the outer surfaces of wall 3 toward the walls of the wave guide.
  • the section In may be provided at its end with a shoulder ll, against which the transverse wall 3 abuts.
  • guide at its end connecting with section l0 may be provided with an integral sleeve I 3 which slips over the outer surface of section In so that wall 3 is held firmly between adjacent edges of sections l0 and I2.
  • my invention provides a new and improved window for sealing adjacent sections of a wave guide having differential pressures therebetween, the window having a small phase extension and causing a minimum reflection of the electromagnetic wave being propagated along the guide.
  • the composite structure has a low frequency sensitivity, that is, provides efficient transmission ove a substantial band of frequencies of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the window furthermore, may be employed as a breakdawn element if the medium on one side thereof is readily ionizable.
  • This means comprises a glaze or thin
  • the section I2 of the F medium which may be a low-pressure gas, breaks down and causes a very considerable attenuation of the waves passing through the window.
  • a combination a dielectric wave guide of the hollow-pipe type and comprising a pair of adjacent sections having differential pressures therein, exciting means for establishing electromagnetic waves within said guide, and means for transmitting said waves between said sectionssubstantially without reflection, said means comprising a metallic wall associated with said guide and lying between said sections within a plane substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagation through said guide, said wall being provided with an aperture having an appreciable dimension perpendicular to the electric component of field incident to the propagation of waves through said guide, and vitreous means sealed across said aperture and substantially co planar with said wall, said aperture and said vitreous means being tuned to the frequency of said exciting means and having substantially zero phase extension along said guide.
  • exciting means for establishing electromagnetic waves Within said section, and means for facilitating transmission of said waves from said section substantially without reflection
  • said means comprising a metallic wall defining a boundary of said section and lying in a plane substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagation through said guide, said wall being provided with an aperture having an appreciable dimension perpendicular to the electric component of the field incident to the propagation of waves through said guide and tuned to the frequency of said exciting means, and a glass window hermetically sealed across said aperture and substantially coplanar with said wall, said window and said aperture having a minimum phase extension along said wave guide.
  • a dielectric wave guide of the hollow-pipe type excitin means for establishing electromagnetic waves within said guide, a metallic wall associated with said guide and lying in a plane substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagation therethrough provided with an aperture having an appreciable dimension perpendicular to the electric component of the field incident to the propagation of waves through said guide, and a vitreous member sealed across said aperture, said vitreous member having a portion extending over the surface of said wall adjacent said aperture to pre- Vent injury to said member produced by an electric discharge established across said aperture in the presence of electromagnetic waves of substantial intensity.
  • a dielectric wave guide of the hollow-pipe type exciting means for establishing electromagnetic waves within said guide, a metallic wall associated with said guide and lying in a plane substantially transverse to the direction of Wave propagation through said guide mans by $1 6 am; aimrwradu t6 elegs of S ibSt'afitiaI i tegifslti ⁇ , sa d I mgle; thihlay r ofrilf sulaitlin 'g t'e'rilaovgfiigg sa'i djwall adjacent samfajpe tui e.

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  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
US519267A 1944-01-22 1944-01-22 Dielectric wave guide system Expired - Lifetime US2422189A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR962086D FR962086A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1944-01-22
US519267A US2422189A (en) 1944-01-22 1944-01-22 Dielectric wave guide system
GB1460/45A GB587812A (en) 1944-01-22 1945-01-17 Improvements in and relating to dielectric wave guide systems

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US519267A US2422189A (en) 1944-01-22 1944-01-22 Dielectric wave guide system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2422189A true US2422189A (en) 1947-06-17

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US519267A Expired - Lifetime US2422189A (en) 1944-01-22 1944-01-22 Dielectric wave guide system

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2422189A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR962086A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB587812A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2569919A (en) * 1946-09-20 1951-10-02 Hydropress Inc High-frequency dielectric heating
US2714070A (en) * 1950-04-04 1955-07-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Microwave heating apparatus and method of heating a food package
US2748351A (en) * 1950-12-19 1956-05-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Microwave windows and gaseous devices
US2784377A (en) * 1952-01-30 1957-03-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave device
US2840819A (en) * 1950-06-20 1958-06-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Reflecting surfaces
US2869086A (en) * 1954-04-20 1959-01-13 Gen Electric Window assembly
DE1053598B (de) * 1957-01-01 1959-03-26 Varian Associates Fensteranordnung fuer Hohlleiter von rechteckigem Querschnitt
US2931942A (en) * 1957-12-30 1960-04-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Vacuum tight window for high frequency devices
US3101460A (en) * 1957-05-07 1963-08-20 Microwave Ass Hermetically sealed waveguide window with non-sputtering iris
DE1766147B1 (de) * 1967-04-20 1971-04-08 Varian Associates Mikrowellenfensteranordnung
JPS4822799B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-08-06 1973-07-09
US3936779A (en) * 1974-03-12 1976-02-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vacuum-tight window arrangement for a rectangular-hollow conductor
US5770990A (en) * 1995-11-15 1998-06-23 Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Microwave window
US20070241845A1 (en) * 2006-04-13 2007-10-18 Nec Microwave Tube, Ltd. Pillbox vacuum window

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3098207A (en) * 1955-11-14 1963-07-16 Varian Associates Output window for electron tube apparatus
US2929035A (en) * 1957-11-29 1960-03-15 Research Corp Wave guide output window
FR2472279A1 (fr) * 1979-12-18 1981-06-26 Thomson Csf Fenetre hyperfrequence et guide d'onde comportant une telle fenetre

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2129713A (en) * 1938-09-13 High frequency oscillation system
US2200023A (en) * 1936-09-10 1940-05-07 Julius Pintsch Kommandit Ges Ultra-high-frequency oscillation apparatus

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2129713A (en) * 1938-09-13 High frequency oscillation system
US2200023A (en) * 1936-09-10 1940-05-07 Julius Pintsch Kommandit Ges Ultra-high-frequency oscillation apparatus

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2569919A (en) * 1946-09-20 1951-10-02 Hydropress Inc High-frequency dielectric heating
US2714070A (en) * 1950-04-04 1955-07-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Microwave heating apparatus and method of heating a food package
US2840819A (en) * 1950-06-20 1958-06-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Reflecting surfaces
US2748351A (en) * 1950-12-19 1956-05-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Microwave windows and gaseous devices
US2784377A (en) * 1952-01-30 1957-03-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave device
US2869086A (en) * 1954-04-20 1959-01-13 Gen Electric Window assembly
DE1053598B (de) * 1957-01-01 1959-03-26 Varian Associates Fensteranordnung fuer Hohlleiter von rechteckigem Querschnitt
US3101460A (en) * 1957-05-07 1963-08-20 Microwave Ass Hermetically sealed waveguide window with non-sputtering iris
US2931942A (en) * 1957-12-30 1960-04-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Vacuum tight window for high frequency devices
DE1766147B1 (de) * 1967-04-20 1971-04-08 Varian Associates Mikrowellenfensteranordnung
JPS4822799B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-08-06 1973-07-09
US3936779A (en) * 1974-03-12 1976-02-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vacuum-tight window arrangement for a rectangular-hollow conductor
US5770990A (en) * 1995-11-15 1998-06-23 Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Microwave window
US20070241845A1 (en) * 2006-04-13 2007-10-18 Nec Microwave Tube, Ltd. Pillbox vacuum window
JP2007287382A (ja) * 2006-04-13 2007-11-01 Nec Microwave Inc ピルボックス真空窓およびその製造方法
US7688163B2 (en) * 2006-04-13 2010-03-30 Nec Microwave Tube, Ltd. Pillbox vacuum window

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR962086A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1950-05-31
GB587812A (en) 1947-05-06

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