US2419546A - Delay circuit - Google Patents

Delay circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US2419546A
US2419546A US435498A US43549842A US2419546A US 2419546 A US2419546 A US 2419546A US 435498 A US435498 A US 435498A US 43549842 A US43549842 A US 43549842A US 2419546 A US2419546 A US 2419546A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
impulses
impulse
voltage
wave
saw
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US435498A
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald D Grieg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STC PLC
Federal Telephone and Radio Corp
Original Assignee
Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE470448D priority Critical patent/BE470448A/xx
Application filed by Standard Telephone and Cables PLC filed Critical Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority to US435498A priority patent/US2419546A/en
Priority to GB20198/44A priority patent/GB590484A/en
Priority to FR938708D priority patent/FR938708A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2419546A publication Critical patent/US2419546A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/13—Arrangements having a single output and transforming input signals into pulses delivered at desired time intervals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/282—Transmitters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to impulse energy-operated devices and more particularly to an arrangement for producing substantially xedY delay for all applied impulses.
  • the invention is contemplated to have particular utility in impulse-en ergy-operated systems as are employed for the radio location of aircraft and other mobile bodies where xed or adjustably controllable delays may be desirable, and in synchronous transmission of impulse-modulated carrier energy'fr'om two or more mobile units.
  • Suitable radio locator systems which may advantageously employ teachings of this invention have been disclosedin the ccpending applications of H. Busignies Serial Nos. 382,391 and 417,151, led March 8, 1941 and October 30, 1941 respectively, and that of E. Labin Serial No. 383,108, led March 13, 1941.
  • Another object is to provide such a device which may yield delayed impulses of sharply-.defined form.
  • a further object is to provide an impulse delay network with relatively flexible means for adjusting the effective vdelay thereof.l
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of various elements constituting a. preferred form of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a more detailed circuit diagram of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is an alternate formyof a portion of the circuit shown in Fig. 2; yand v Fig. 4 is a series of graphical representations of various voltage conditions present in the circuits of the above mentioned figuresall curves being plotted as functions of the same time scale and beginning at the same reference origin.
  • such delay is eliected by the use of applied f impulses to trigger a saw-tooth converter l so
  • the invention contemplates effectively delaying each impulse of an applied series ofrecurrent impulses a controlled and, if desired, uniform amount.
  • a particular type of irregular impulse series as contemplated by me for suitable use in this connection is that produced by time-modulation methods.
  • Appropriate apparatus and methods for effecting such modulation have been disclosed, for example, in the that for each applied impulse a newvsaw-tooth wave is commenced. For reasons that will later become apparent, the voltage at which this saw-v tooth Wave commences is preferably thev same.
  • the eiective delay is obtained by employing a clipping device I I to clip off the saw-tooth waves at a desired level, whereby the time interval between the start of a saw-tooth Wave and the instant of its being clipped may be the same for all applied impulses, Aeven though these impulses; be irregular in their recurrence.
  • a clipping device I I to clip off the saw-tooth waves at a desired level, whereby the time interval between the start of a saw-tooth Wave and the instant of its being clipped may be the same for all applied impulses, Aeven though these impulses; be irregular in their recurrence.
  • By differenti-v ating the output of clipper II in an appropriate network I2 it is possible to generate a series of impulses corresponding in their pattern of recur--v rence tothe series of applied impulses, said series ⁇ being characterized by the desired delay for each impulse thereof. Since the arrangement shown produces additional undesired -impulses of opposite polarity from the delayed impulse
  • Fig 2 the series of impulses which it is desired to delay is applied through a coupling network I4, I5 to the control grid of an amplifier tube T1 and depending upon Whether or'not it is desirable to have positive or negative impulse voltages applied to the saw-tooth converter circuit, a switching device I6 is provided in the output of tube T1 so that output may be taken either from the anode or cathode circuit for this purpose.A As shown, switch I 6 is set to select impulses from the cathode circuit of tube T1. These impulses will thus be of the same polarity as those applied, ⁇ as will be clear. lSaw-tooth converter I0, as seen in Fig.
  • this connection comprises a di rect link to the Vgrid of clipper tube T3 and a high'. resistance bias resistor ZI -or biasing tube T3 preferably below cut-ofi.
  • tube T3 is Selected to have a relatively steep characteristic so that it will saturate ata point corresponding to a, relatively small grid voltage increase above that required to 4'produce cut-off conditions.
  • tube T3v performs both a clipping and limiting action; and by adjusting the slope of the characteristic of this tube, as mentioned, while making the saw-tooth signals applied thereto very strong, it is possible to produce in the output thereof a signal which shifts between one substanti'ally constant magnitude and another substantially constant magnitude during the short periods in which tube Ta is operated on the steep portion of its characteristic.
  • a differentiating network having a suitable time-constant, as afforded by condenser 22 shunted to ground by a resistor 23, is directly connected across the output of tube T3.
  • the differentiator network thus supplies impulses of onepolarity sense for each traversal of grid voltage across the characteristic of tube Ts in the increasing direction, and impulses of opposite polarity for each traversal in the decreasing grid voltage direction.
  • one of these sets of impulses i .e. in one polarity sense
  • the other set is not indicative of delay.
  • a clipper device which in the form shown comprises a pentode T4.
  • pentode T4 is provided with two alternate output means 24, 25 depending upon what polarity is desired in the delayed impulses.
  • output connection 24 is taken from the anode circuit of tube T4, and output connection 25 is taken from the cathode circuit thereof.
  • curve a represents an irregular series of applied impulses (as supplied, for example, by a time-modulation system in accordance with the teachings of the above-mentioned application Serial No. 386,282 ⁇ or E, Labin), and curve b showsthe'type of saw-tooth wave produced 'by tube T2 in response to each impulse of the series shown in curve a'.
  • the sloping portion 0i each saw-tooth in curve b is shown as being the same and substantially linear throughout. This condition is deemed preferable and may be vobtained by designing elements Il', I8 and I9 appropriately so that a large timeconstant with respect to the contemplated average recurrent periodicity of impulses is thereby dened.v
  • clipper II is further shown on curve b with the dotted lines 26 and 21.
  • Line 26 may represent the voltage level below which clipping action in tube T3 takes place
  • line 2l may represent the voltage level above which the limiting action explained above occurs.
  • the output of clipping device II may alternate vbetween two substantially uniform voltages proportional to the levels 26 and 2l and shift from one to the other of these voltages each time a saw-tooth wave traverses limits of the voltage region between levels ⁇ 26 and 21, as will be clear.
  • FIG. 3' Another preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated by Fig. 3' which replaces some of the circuit ofA Figl 2.
  • the circuitof Fig. 3 willV be observed to replace that of Fig. 2 from the outputo thesaw-tooth converter on; and the voltage dividing condenser arrangement I8, I9, forming part of the time-constant circuitfor the saw-tooth converter will be recognized.
  • a diodeclipper'32' is employed serially connecting point ZI'oi potentiometer ,ISLIl to a ilrstdiferentiating network 'comprising condenser 33 and's'hunt're sistor 34.
  • clipper 32 is appropriately biased through a relatively high resistor 35 so that (as before) the time constant of condenser i8 and i9 and resistor 35 is sufficiently high.
  • the effect of diode clipper 32 will thus be seen to yield a voltage output curve of the nature shown in curve e of Fig. 4, wherein all saw-tooth voltages above a certain magnitude are, limited out, depending upon the bias applied to diode 32.
  • the subsequent effect of passage of such energy through differentiator network 33, 34 will be seen to yield a series of equal duration square waves, such as wave 36, for each applied impulse, these Waves being characterized by a short sharp impulse (e. g. 31) of opposed polarity at the leading edge thereof.
  • a reversal in the polarity of square waves 36 may be obtained to yield a wave form as shown in Fig. 4g as will be clear.
  • This Wave form is next applied to another differentiating circuitcomprising condenser 38 and shunt resistor 39 to produce a series of impulses of alternate polarity and of substantially the same nature shown in Fig. 4c, which will be recognized as similar to :the voltage form previously obtained with the circuit of Fig. 2 at the output of differentiating network 22, 23. It is thus clear that a. further clipper device Ts may be provided again to eliminate the undesired series of impulses 30 and to provide in outputs 4t or 4I delayed impulses of the desired polarity.
  • I have disclosed relatively simple means for effectively delaying recurrent impulse energy, impulse for impulse. Although this delay is obtained by generating new impulses for those applied, the arrangement shown has the advantage of producing extremely sharp and Well-defined impulses at the output waves. If some passive Vnetwork had been employed to obtain the-delay, there would have been substan- ⁇ tial distortion of the original applied wave form; and it accordingly would have been increasingly diiicult to obtain Ya well-defined delayed pulse, theV larger the delay. If it be desired to produce delayed impulses of the same form as those applied to the input, the delayed impulses produced by the circuits shown Imay be used to synchronize a wave generator having suitable shaping means;
  • the eifect of flexibly adjustable delay is produced with no apparent distortion.
  • bias control may be effected by other means.
  • the abovedisclosed means may be employed to maintain such synchronism.
  • a relatively simple expedient to effect such a result would be to employ on one of the mobile units a receiver responsive to energy transmitted by the other unit and providing a current indicative of the volume of sig- 6 nal detected.
  • this volume-indicative current could be employed appropriately tov control the bias on one of tubes T3 or 32 as the case may be, whereby a delayed series of impulses may be supplied for controlling impulse-modulation of energy to be transmitted from the mobile unit carrying the apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • the apparatus in accordance with the invention is contemplated to have further use in impulse repeater units wherein impulse energy is received and detected and then re-transmitted.
  • impulse energy is received and detected and then re-transmitted.
  • the receiver be rendered ineffective during such re-transmission, and, accordingly, some sort of delay in the received impulses after reception and up to transmission should preferably be effected.
  • the circuitV of the invention forms a relatively simple solution to such a problem.
  • Apparatus for effectively delaying a series of recurrent impulses a predetermined amount for each impulse thereof comprising saw-tooth generating means including means reponsive to applied impulse energy for conditioning said generator means to deliver a saw-tooth voltage Wave for each of said impulses7 clipper means for clipping each said saw-tooth wave at a predetermined level, said clipper means comprising a thermionic tube having a, space current path, said path saturating at a constant level relatively slightly above the clipping level thereof, and differentiating means connected to the output of said clipper means.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising further clipping means connected to said differentiating means and including bias control means for clipping out undesired portions of the output of said differentiating means.
  • a delaying device for effectively delaying applied impulses a desired amount comprising a source of energy supplying energy impulses, a saw-tooth generator including an electron discharge device operatively connected to said source, means for normally biasing said :discharge device below cut-off and a charging circuit inthe output of said discharge device and comprising a resistance shunted by capacity means whereby the slope of the saw-tooth wave of said generator may be determined, clipper means connected to said capacity means including means to limit said saw-tooth wave to a substantially constant level above the clippingI level, biasing means including a relatively high impedance forbiasing said clipper means, said biasing means determining said desired amount of delay of said applied impulses, and differentiating means connected to the output of said clipper means.
  • a delaying device wherein said capacity means includes two condensers in series, said clipper means being connected to a point intermediate said capacity means.
  • a delaying device wherein said means to limit provide a relatively steep characteristic of output current with respect to input voltage, whereby said clipper means eiectively performs both a clipping and a limiting operation on the wave form applied thereto.
  • Apparatus for effectively delaying a series of recurrent impulses a predetermined amount for each impulse thereof comprising saw-to-oth generating means including means responsive to applied impulse energy for conditioning said generator means to deliver a saw-tooth voltage wave for each of said impulses, wave forming means including at least one wave-forming portion controlled by said saw-tooth Wave for forming a voltage wave which shifts between two values each of substantially constant magnitude intermediate the extreme values of said saw-tooth voltage, and differentiating means connected to the output of said wav-e forming means the delay for said impulses being determined by the time interval between the starting pointJ of said saw- Atooth wave and the time of operation of said one wave forming portion.
  • said wave Aforming means comprises a thermionic tube having a given steepness characteristic and a control grid, the bias of said control grid determining the initiation of said Voltage shift from one of said substantially constant magnitude values 'to the other of said values, and said characteristic determiningsaid other of said values.
  • Apparatus according to claim 6 in combination with clipping means including a control means connected to said differentiating means for clipping out undesired portions of the output of said diierentiating means.
  • the method of generating a series of recurrent impulses delayed a predetermined amount with respect to a like series of impulses which comprises conditioning a first generator to initiate by each of said like impulses a sawtooth voltage wave, generating a second voltage wave which varies abruptly between lower and higher substantially constant predetermined voltage values, the lower voltage value of said Wave being determined by a predetermined value of said saw-tooth wave, the higher voltage value of said wave being determined by limiting action, and dilerentiating said second voltage wave thereby producing said series of recurrent delayed impulses.
  • the method of producing two substantially similar impulses separated by a predetermined ⁇ time interval comprising generating a rst impulse, initiating by said iirst impulse the generation of a saw-tooth voltage wave, initiating by said saw-tooth wave when said saw-tooth Wave equals a predetermined magnitude a second voltage wave causing by limiter action voltage shifts to 'lie between said predetermined magnitude and a second predetermined magnitude, and differentiating said second voltage wave at the point of said predetermined magnitude to produce the second impulse.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Manipulation Of Pulses (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US435498A 1942-03-20 1942-03-20 Delay circuit Expired - Lifetime US2419546A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE470448D BE470448A (en, 2012) 1942-03-20
US435498A US2419546A (en) 1942-03-20 1942-03-20 Delay circuit
GB20198/44A GB590484A (en) 1942-03-20 1944-10-18 Thermionic valve delay circuits
FR938708D FR938708A (fr) 1942-03-20 1946-10-24 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de retardement pour circuits électriques

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US435498A US2419546A (en) 1942-03-20 1942-03-20 Delay circuit

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US2419546A true US2419546A (en) 1947-04-29

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US435498A Expired - Lifetime US2419546A (en) 1942-03-20 1942-03-20 Delay circuit

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BE (1) BE470448A (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR938708A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB590484A (en, 2012)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2537589A (en) * 1945-12-15 1951-01-09 Rca Corp Delay circuit for rectangular waves
US2580941A (en) * 1949-02-18 1952-01-01 Rca Corp Polarity-switching output circuit for wide-band video amplifiers
US2586605A (en) * 1939-12-13 1952-02-19 Doreen Walker Methods and apparatus for the control of the timing of recurrent signals
US2605360A (en) * 1947-03-10 1952-07-29 Rca Corp Time division multiplex system utilizing a step-wave generator in the distributor circuit
US2613253A (en) * 1946-12-07 1952-10-07 Electronic Res And Mfg Corp Electrical control
US2653247A (en) * 1948-05-08 1953-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp X-ray thickness gauge
US2786197A (en) * 1946-03-29 1957-03-19 Sperry Rand Corp Ranging system
US3012101A (en) * 1952-01-28 1961-12-05 Roy R Newsom Electronic switches and circuits
US3316490A (en) * 1945-12-28 1967-04-25 Thomas F Jones Variable time delay circuit for producing pulses of predetermined width or pulses after a predetermined interval

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2086918A (en) * 1935-08-22 1937-07-13 Rca Corp Method of frequency or phase modulation
US2118626A (en) * 1936-01-28 1938-05-24 Rca Corp Method and apparatus for delaying electrical impulses
US2132655A (en) * 1935-02-28 1938-10-11 Rca Corp System for producing electrical impulses
US2208422A (en) * 1938-02-16 1940-07-16 Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa Pulse phasing apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2132655A (en) * 1935-02-28 1938-10-11 Rca Corp System for producing electrical impulses
US2086918A (en) * 1935-08-22 1937-07-13 Rca Corp Method of frequency or phase modulation
US2118626A (en) * 1936-01-28 1938-05-24 Rca Corp Method and apparatus for delaying electrical impulses
US2208422A (en) * 1938-02-16 1940-07-16 Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa Pulse phasing apparatus

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2586605A (en) * 1939-12-13 1952-02-19 Doreen Walker Methods and apparatus for the control of the timing of recurrent signals
US2537589A (en) * 1945-12-15 1951-01-09 Rca Corp Delay circuit for rectangular waves
US3316490A (en) * 1945-12-28 1967-04-25 Thomas F Jones Variable time delay circuit for producing pulses of predetermined width or pulses after a predetermined interval
US2786197A (en) * 1946-03-29 1957-03-19 Sperry Rand Corp Ranging system
US2613253A (en) * 1946-12-07 1952-10-07 Electronic Res And Mfg Corp Electrical control
US2605360A (en) * 1947-03-10 1952-07-29 Rca Corp Time division multiplex system utilizing a step-wave generator in the distributor circuit
US2653247A (en) * 1948-05-08 1953-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp X-ray thickness gauge
US2580941A (en) * 1949-02-18 1952-01-01 Rca Corp Polarity-switching output circuit for wide-band video amplifiers
US3012101A (en) * 1952-01-28 1961-12-05 Roy R Newsom Electronic switches and circuits

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Publication number Publication date
GB590484A (en) 1947-07-18
BE470448A (en, 2012)
FR938708A (fr) 1948-10-22

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