US2418563A

US2418563A - Shingle construction

Info

Publication number: US2418563A
Application number: US619297A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles M Vibert
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1945-09-29
Filing date: 1945-09-29
Publication date: 1947-04-08
Anticipated expiration: 1964-04-08

Description

prn Sy 1947. c M. WEERT SHINGLE CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 29, 1945 IN VEN TUR. BQ@ ,w26/Yi, Zle mm; M www@ Weighted Apr. d, ight? `ol-FICE SGlLlE CUNSTRUCTIGN @harias M. Wilbert, @ak Park, lli.. ippllcationeptcmber 29, 1945, Serial No. 619,297

(Cl. 10d- 9) Claims. l

The invention relates generally to a shingled roof construction and more particularly to composition shingles such as .the socalled asphalt type. y

The general object of the invention is to provide a novel shingle roof construction which prevents the shingles from being forced upwardly at their free or lower edges. away from the underlying shingles.

Stated in diderent words. the general object is to provide a novel shingle construction which, when laid on a roof, permits the shingles to lie fiat.

It is also an object to provide a novel shingle construction which may be readily laid, which facilitates placing of the shingles so as to obtain accurately aligned and spaced rows, and which reduces the time required to cover a roof.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary view of e, shingled roof construction utilizing a standard commer= cial type of shingle.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. l, but utilising shingle units 'embodying the features of the invention.

Fig. i is an enlarged sectional view teiten on the line lt of Fig. 3.

llllg. 5 is a fragmentary enlarged sectional view taken on the line .ii- 5 of Fig. 3.

The usual roof construction where shingles are employed includes sheathing, indicated generally at il, laid on rafters (not shown). The sheathing il ordinarily comprises a plurality of board-s s en tending horizontally or crosswise of the roof, the 'boards preferably having a tongue and groove construction It and being laid tight and nailed to the rafters. The sheathing t maybe covered with a coated'building paper (n'ot shown), and

' the shingles are then laid over the paper and nailed to the sheathing.

Composition shingles, such as the sot-called asm phalt shingles, are commonly used in present con-- struction, and such shingles are frequently provided in sets of three formed from an integral strip or member of composition material. Each strip is provided with slots Il extending upwardly from the lower edge of the shingles to divide the strips into the respective shingle sections' so that when fthe roof is laid each section appears to be a separate shingle. When such shingles are laid on the sheathing, the common practice is to nail them thereto by a horizontal line oi' nails I2 positioned above the slots I I in such location in the shingle that they will be covered by the next upper row of shingles. Thus, in Figs. l. and 2, I have shown four rows oi.' such shingles,V respectively indicated at I3, I4, I 5 and I6.

As is customary. the shingles in any row are offset laterally relative to the shingles in the adjoining rows, substantially one-half the width of each individual shingle, so that the abutting edges or the strips or members will be partially covered by the next upper row of shingles. The vertical overlap of the shingles isrusually slightly more than one half of the length or height of each shingle. Thus, when the nails I2 are applied, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, each line of nails extends not only through the shingle through which it is initially driven, but also through the shingle in the row next below it, except of course in the' case of the bottom row of shingles. Thus, as is clearly apparent from Fig. 2, each row of' shingles lifted above the underlying shingles in the next. lower row. giving an uneven and unsightly ap' pearance to the roof because of the irregularity of such lifting. Such lifting also tends to cause deterioration of the root since it permits wind fully conducted tests have been made to deter to get under the shingles and tends to tear them oil. Moreover, it is obvious that rain, particularly in a driving storm, can be forced under the shingles when they are lifted in this manner. This fault has been noted particularly inthe case of roofs laid on newh/ constructed houses.

To determine the cause of such dilllculty, caremine whether there is any material shrinkage and expansion of shingles of this type, :and the results showed that change in dimensions `due either t; temperature changes or to moisture changes was negligible. Attention was.. therefore, directed to the underlying structure of the roof to consider what cccurred in that portion of the structure, and particularly in the boards constituting the sheathing.

It is a fact that wood boards have some contraction and expansion lengthwise of the grain.

but such change of dimension is very small. However, the change of dimension transversely of the grain, due to change in moisture condition of the wood, is considerable. Thus, it has been found that dimensional changes longitudinally of the grain amount to only a small fraction of l per cent, while changes in dimension transsoned or dried previous to laying. Moreover, the

sheathing boards may absorb considerable moisture at the time they are laid, since a rain may occur between the time when the sheathing boards are applied and the time when the shingles are laid. Expansion of the heathing boards by the absorption of moisture may also occur since the plastering of a house is frequently performed soon after the roof is laid. so that the moisture emanating from the plaster during its drying may be absorbed by the sheathing boards.

If the shingles are laid on the sheathing board at the time that they contain a large quantity lof moisture, there will obviously be considerable shrinkage in such boards as the house dries out, and ithas been determined that such shrinkage is one of the chief causes of causing the lower edges or flaps of the shingles to be lifted. Thus, as illustrated in Fig. 2, with each shingle nailed to the sheathing boards by two rows of nails i2, shrinkage of the sheathing boards will tend to buckle each shingle in the portion, indicated at 2l, between the rows of nails, since the' shingle itself is not subject to such shrinkage. Each portion 20 is in the upper part of the shingle and,'

therefore, is overlapped by the lower or flap portion of the shingles in the next upper row. This causes a lifting of such flaps or lower portions. which eifect is multiplied because of the factI that the flap extends downwardly beyond the bulge portion 20. Thus, each row of shingles, except for the bottom row. will tend to be lifted at its lower edge, the amount of lifting varying in diilerent portions of the rows with the variation in moisture change of the sheathing boards. An unsightly appearance will, therefore, result from this construction. This difficulty is particularly pronounced where two rows of nails are driven into the same sheathing board.

Expansion of the sheathing boards due to the absorption of moisture after the shingles are laid causes a similar difficulty. Thus, 'when expansion occurs, the distance between'the two rows of nails in each shingle is increased. Since the nails in one horizontal line are staggered with relation to the nails in the next horizontal line, there'ls an angular pull on each shingle which tends to cause a bowing or budging of each shingle in a transverse direction crosswiseof the roof, that is', the lower edge of each shingle 'will tend to bow upwardly between its side edges.

' The present invention provides a-shingle conf struction which eliminates these diiliculties and permits the shingles to lie flat regardless of the change of moisture content and shrinkage or expansion of the sheathing boards. To attain this end, I provide a shingle construction in which each shingle is secured to the sheathing boards l by only one line of nails. Thus, changes in width of the sheathing boardsdue to shrinkage and expansion from change of moisture content will' not affect the shingles since the shingles and sheathing boards may shiftV relative tc each other in the plane of the roof except at the line o! nailing. There is, therefore, no tendency of the shingles to bulge upwardly from the plane of tba roo To permit the shingles to be laid with only one line of nails through each shingle, I arrange the shingles in pairs with one shingle in one horizontal row'and the other shingle in an adjoining row. Thus, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the shingle indicated at 2| is paired with the shingle indicated at 22, while shingles 23 and in the next two (rows above are paired. The two shingles of each pair are secured together independently ,of the sheathing and prior to layinl. and consequently such securing may be performed as a step in the manufacture so that a nrm bond may be obtained therebetween. Preferably, the two shingles of each pair are constructed in the ordinary manner and then are adhesively secured together, the two overlapping in the normal relationship heretofore utilized. that is. both horzontally and vertically overlapped to the same extent that the shingles are overlapped in the usual construction such as is shown in Figs. l. and 2. The pairs of shingles are then laid upon the sheathing boards 9 and secured thereto with a single horizontal line of nails 2l. Such line of nails is positioned adjacent the upper edge of the lower shingle of each pair so that it will be' spaced above the upper edge of the next lower row of shingles, and also so that it will underlie and be covered by a shingle in the row above the pair. Thus, with any shrinkage or expansion of the sheathing boards, there will be no bulging of the shingles since the shingles are free of the sheathing boards except along theA line of nails 25.

Each pair of shingles which have been preconnected as herein described may be considered as a unit, and the units in a given row may be overlapped by the units in the next upper row to the extent and in the same manner as the two shingles of each pair or unit. Thus, when the roof is laid there is no diiference in appearance between the relation of two shingles of one unit or pair and the relation of two shingles of different units. The lower shingle of each pair or unit, while secured by the nails 25 only adjacent its upper edge, is reinforced and held flat against the roof by the upper shingle oi' that pair so that the lower shingle of each pair will lie substantially-as tight to the roof as in the ordinary shingle construc-` tion.

While a shingle construction embodying the invention may involve the cementing together of two individual shingles, strips or members provided with the slots Ill in their lower edges to form a plurality of shingles may be similarly eemented together to thus embody the features of 7 will permit relative shifting of the two shingles in the plane of the roof but will prevent the overlying shingle from being lifted. To this end, a

U-shaped metal clip 30 (see Fig. 5) of a form' heretofore employed in the art may be utilized. For example. a clip 30 may be inserted with one end or the U underlying the shingle -22 at the ananas upper end of slot li and the other end overlying the lower edge of the shingle 23 to tie it down. Said other end of the clip is provided with a sharp point adapted to be driven into shingle 23 but the end underlying the shingle 22 has no such point, so that relative shifting of the two shingles in the plane of the roof may occur. Instead of the clips 3Q, the lower shingle of each pair or unit may be attached to the upper shingle oi the next lower unit by a cement applied at the time of laying the roof and of a character which remainsv relatively soft to permit the desired shifting in the plane of the roof.

From the foregoing, it will be evident that I have provided a novel `roof construction and shingle therefor, which permits the shingles to lie at regardless of shrinkage or expansion of the underlying sheathing. Since each shingle is secured to the sheathing by only one horizontal line of nails, it is free to shift in the plane of the rooi relative to the sheathing, except at the line of nails, so that shrinkage or expansion oi' the sheathing cannot cause any bulging of the shingles. The construction facilities laying the shingles and, since shingles in two rows are laid at the same time, the time required to lay the shingles is materially reduced.

While the foregoing description and the fol lowing claims refer to a shingle roof construction, the invention is not limited specifically to a roof but may also be embodied in a shlngled side wall construction.

llclaim:

l. A shingled roof construction comprising sheathing boards extending horizontally of the roof, and overlapping horizontal rows of shingles laid on said sheathing boards, said horizontal l rows being adhesively secured together in pairs. and each pair being nailed to the sheathing on a horizontal line located above the next lower row of shingles and under the next upper row, whereby each row of shingles is secured to the sheathing by only one row of nailing.

2. A shingled roof construction comprising sheathing boards extending horizontally of the roel', and overlapping horizontal rows of shingles laid on said sheathing boards, the shingles in each horizontal row being secured to the shingles of one ol the adjoining rows independently of the sheathing to provide interconnected pairs of shingles respectively lying in adjoining rows, and each pair being nailed to the sheathing along a horizontal line located above the upper edge of the next lower 'row of shingles and under the lower portion of the next upper row and also in the overlapping portions of said pair, whereby each shingle is secured to the sheathing by only one row of nailing. i

3. .d shingled rooi construction comprising sheathing boards extending horizontally of the roei', and overlapping horizontal rows of shingles laid on said sheathing boards, said horizontal rows comprising preconnected pairs of shingles respectively lying in adjoining rows with each pair secured to the sheathing on a single horizontal line located in spaced relation to the next lower row of shingles and covered by the next upper row. l

t. A shineiecl roof construction comprising. sheathing boards extending horizontally of the roof, and overlapping horizontal rows of shingles laid on said sheathing boards, each horizontal row comprising a plurality of shingle members each composed of a plurality or integrally connected shingles, each member being secured to a member the lower shingle of each in an adjoining row independently oi' securing the members to the sheathing, and each pair oi members so secured being nailed to the sheathing on a single horizontal line located in the overlapping portions of each member of the pair and spaced above the next lower row, said line being covered by the next upper row.

5. A shingled roof construction comprising,

sheathing boards extending horizontally of the roof, overlapping horizontal rows oi.' shingle members laid on said sheathing boards, each member having one or more slots extending upwardly from its lower edge to simulate a plurality of shingles, and each member being secured in overlapping relation to a member in an adjoining row independently of securing the members to the sheathing, each pair of members so secured being nailed to the sheathing on a single horizontal line located above the next lower row and under the next upper row, and clips positioned in the vupper ends of the slots in the upper members of the pairs for holding the lower edges of the next upper row against movement perpendicular to the roof but permitting relative movement in the plane of the roof.

6. A shingled roof construction comprising -sheathing boards extending horizontally of the roof, pairs o! shingles adhesively preconnected in vertically overlapping relation, with the pairs laid on said sheathing boards to form horizontally extending rows, each of said pairs being nailed to the sheathing along 9, single horizontal line located in the overlapping area of the pair above the next lower row and under the next upper row.

pair being yieldingfly cemented to a shingle in the next lower row.

7. A roofing shingle unit comprising a pair or members each having one or more slots extending upwardly from its lower edge to simulate a.

plurality of shingles, the pair oi members being partially overlapped to an extent equal to the normal overlapping of two rows of shingles and being horizontally offset to position the slots in the upper strip intermediate the slots in the lower strip, the overlapping portions of the two strips being adhesively secured together to iorm the unit, the unit being adapted to be secured to the roof by a single row of nails located in the overlapping area of the two strips and adjacent the upper edge of the lower of the two strips.

8. The method of rooting which comprises adheslvely securing pairs oi' shingles together laterally and lengthwise overlapped to an extent equal to the normal overlapping of shingles when laid, laying said pairs on the roof in horizontal rows, with the lower shingles of the pairs in one row overlapping the upper shingles of the pairs in the next lower row to an extent equal to the overlapping of the shingles in each pair, and nail-f ing each row oi pairs along a single horizontal line in the overlap of the shingles of each pair and spaced above the upper edge of the upper shingles in the next lower row and under the lower shingles in the next upper row.

CHARLES M. VIBERT.

nnrEnENcns errno The following references are of record in the tile of this patent:

UNITED STATESl PATENTE