US2415677A - Apparatus for cooling containers - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 11, 1947. EAR? 2,415,677

APPARATUS FOR COOLING CONTAINERS Filed Oct. 2, 1940 6 Sheets-Sheet 1' 1 Feb. 11, 1947. J. F. EARP I APfARATUS FOR COOLING CONTAINERS Filed Oct. 2, 1940 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 V Feb. 11, 1947. J, F, 'EARP 2,415,677

' mu s FOR coomue conmrmns Filed Oct. 2, 1940 s Sheets-Shee t a APPARATUS FOR COOLING CONTAINERS 6 Sheets-Shani; 4

Filed 001:. 2, 1940 Feb-1'1, 1947. J, EAR 2,415,677

APPARATUS FOR COOLING CONTAINERS Filed Oct. 2, 1940 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 J. F. EARP 2,415,677

APPARATUS FOR COOLING CONTAINERS Feb. 11, 1947.

Filed Oct. '2, 1940 '6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Patented Feb. 11, 1947 APPARATUS FOR COOLING CONTAINERS James F. Earp, Detroit, Mich, assignor to Th American Paper Bottle Company, Toledo, Ohio,

a corporation of Ohio Application October 2, 1940, Serial No. 359,440

This invention relates generally to apparatus for coating containers and particularly to mechanisms for insuring the rapid solidification of the coatings of freshly coated paper containers as such containers successively emerge from apparatus which has applied to the surfaces thereof films or coatings of aleak-proofing substance which is molten at elevated temperatures and solid at room temperatures.

In the fabrication, of a paper container it is frequently desirable to apply a coating substance over all of its surfaces, especially when the container is to be used for dispensing liquids, such as milk. The coating substance is designed and intended to prevent the penetration into the flbrous wall of the container, from either without or within, of any liquid which might soften and weaken the wall and result in the destruction of the container which, to effectively perform its functions, must remain relatively stifi and self-supporting. It has heretofore been su gested that paper containers designed and intended to be charged with milk may advantageously be coated while in a partially completed state with liquid paraflin or similar coating material, the coating operation being completed just prior to the actual charging operation so that the charge of milk, when introduced into the container, will be entering what may be accurately designated a freshly sterilized receptacle. Where the operations of forming, coating, charging, and sealing paper containers are carried out upon a single automatically operating machine, it is obviously advantageous to have the charging operation follow the coating as closely as is poss'ible. It is apparent, however, that, before milk or any other liquid may he introduced into the Y freshly coated container, the coating material must be in solid form. The necessity forthis has given rise to the suggestion that mechanism be provided for artificially cooling the freshly coated containers so that the setting or hardening of the coating material will be accelerated and the coated container rendered in condition for charging in a minimum of time.

The primary purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved mechanism of the type just referred to by means of which the hot liquid coatings of freshly coated containers may be rapidly cooled or chilled and which means shall be of relatively simple construction so a to be Claims. (01. 62-102) .2 ing and charging mechanisms and other opera ing elements 'of'a complete automatic paper bottle forming and charging machine it is advantageous to have a chilling, or cooling apparatus of minimum size and so disposed as to permit the overall length of the complete machine to be minimized. I The container cooling apparatus, to be hereinafter described in detail, is designed particularly to receiveireshly coated containers being advanced in one direction from the coating apparatus of a complete container forming, coating, charging and sealing machine, toward the charging apparatus, and to conduct such contalners laterally through a cooling apparatus and, after the coatings applied have been chilled and solidified, to replace the containers in the general line of movement of the stream of containers passing through the entire machine. The length of the machine as an entirety is therefore mini-*- mized.

The improved apparatus is of the type which includes a cooling chamber in which freshly coated containers are subjected to the action of cooling media which have difierent specific heat. conductivities such for instance as air and water, the water being chilled and being applied to those portions of the container which have been more heavily coated with paraflin and are therefore more difilcult to'chill and the remainder of the container, of thinner section and less, heavily coated with paraffin or the like, being cooled by a blast of chilled air. By the use of cooling media easily fabricated and maintained, and the design of which is such that it will occupy a, minimum of floor space. Particularly when it is to be used n association with immediately adjacent coathaving difierent rates of heat transmission, the

paramn coating of a paper container may bechilled at a substantially uniform rate over all of its areas and the time interval necessary for the complete chilling and setting of the coating is likewise reduced to a minimum. The presentinvention provides improved .instrumentalities for subjecting a freshly coated container to both the actionof chilled air and chilled water to achiev'e the aforementioned desirable results. The invention likewise includes various additional features of novelty all of which will be hereinafter more particularly described and pointed out. One mechanism embodying the invention is illustratedin the accompanying drawings but it will be appreciated that in adapting the invention to the chilling of freshly coated containers of different shapes and's'izes the design and arrangement of the component elements of the invention may be considerably modified without departure therefrom.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a top plan view, partially broken 3 away, of a mechanism embodying the invention, which mechanism has been designed particularly to chill and harden coatings which have been freshlyapplied to paper containers of the type described and claimed in Patent No.

2,047,891, issued to Henry T. Scott on July 14,

1936, while such containers are in a partially I completed state;

, Figure 7 is a top planview of portion of a trackway over which freshly coated containers are moved;

Figure 8 is a section on line 8-8 of Figure 7;

Figure 9 is a side view, partiall broken away, of one form of mechanism for cooling or chilling the liquid and gaseous cooling agents. of different heat conductivities which are circulated in the cooling chamber;

Figure 10 is an end nism;

' Figure 11 is a section on line l'i-li of Figure 10; and

Figure 12 is a view which discloses the, lower portion of the mechanism shown in Figure 9 but which shows a screen element, which is one element of the complete cooling mechanism, oc-

cupying a position which is different from the position in which it is shown in Figure 9, in order that increased efliciency may be realized.

While the apparatus which I have provided is one of general application and may be employed \vherever it is desired-to effectively chill and solidify coatings which have been applied to articles of various kinds, it is nevertheless particularly suitable for chilling coatings of paraflln or paraflln-like material applied to all surfaces of partially completed 'paper containers and when it is used in association with a complete automatic paper bottle forming,' coating, and charging machine, as has previously been pointed out.

In the'drawings portions of two elongated side frame members of such an automatic paper bottle forming, and charging machine are illustrated at I 0 and II, respectively, and in its normal operation container blanks are fed into the machine at one end, passed longitudinally of the machine intermediate the parallel side frame members ill and H, for instance along a path indicated by the chain'lin'eA in Figure 1, in the direction of the arrow B in this figure, and are finally removed by .an operator at the opposite end of the machine, after having been charged and sealed. In Figure 1, and likewise in Figure 3, portion of the means for delivering freshly coated containers from a coating apparatus, along the line A, is indicated at C, and a conveyor for removing containers thecoatings of which have been thorview of thissame mechawhich it houses.

. 4 Generally speaking, the container coating and chilling means comprises a casing E of box-like form having one sheet metal wall, indicated at 12, disposed in a. vertical plane and lying flush against the outer surface of side frame member "I. The bottom of the casing E is likewise preferably of sheet metal but the three remaining sides and the top are preferably formed so as to insulate the interior of the casing from the outside atmosphere as much as possible, to prevent entry of heat into the cooling chamber and lessen its efiiciency. The top of the casing E i preferably removable so that access may be readily had to the various mechanical elements The casing likewise will have ports 12a and I2?) formed in its inner wall i2 through which freshly coated containers may be introduced and containers, the coatings of which have been fully solidified, may be withdrawn,

-the ports being slightly larger than the containers, being closely adjacent, and disposed above the top of the side frame member l0.

A conveyor of endless type, generally indicated at G, is designed to receive freshlycoated containers, convey the containers into and through the cooling chamber and to thereafter deliver them in succession to means which will transfer them successively to the conveyor D. Within the casing E is ablower or-v fan for causing a ciroughly chilled, to further instrumenta'lities such 7 chain line A.

culation of air ,along predetermined channels, the air rising upwardly in a column which passes successively through a foraminous member to equalize its rate of flow over all areas, through a bank of cooling tubes whereby it is chilled, and thereafter-through the conveyor and over the surfaces of the containers supported by the conveyor the air blast or current finally striking the undersurface of the top of the casing, being there divided, approximately one half of the stream to each side of the casing, and thence downwardly-to the intake side of the blower. The arrangement of blower and air circulating means is most advantageous and operates with maximum eiiiciency in chilling the coating upon the lighter and upper portions of the containers.

The container bottoms, which are of-heavier section and which also are more heavily covered with coating material, are cooled principally by being passed through a pan of chilled water. The means for chilling the water and for cooling the air blast may be varied substantially and may be either of the liquid refrigerant or the gaseous refrigerant type. In the accompanying drawings, the gaseous refrigerant type of cooling means is illustrated.

Referring now to the conveyor G, and more particularly to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings.

This conveyor includes an endless chain I I mounted upon sprockets l5 and iii, the, sprocket l5 being supported within th casing E andthe sprocket IS without the casing and upon the transversely extending or bridging member I! the ends of which rest upon the upper surfaces of the side frame member Ii. Fixed upon th short vertical shaft which carries the sprocket i6 is a second sprocket 18 over whichpasses the chain i9. Chain i9 passes around a drive sprocket 20 and an adJustableidler sprocket 2! by means of which the chain tension may be modified. The

short vertical shaft 22 upon'which sprocket 20 is fixed has likewise fixed thereon a second sprocket (not illustrated) around which the chain 23 of conveyor D passes. Chain 23 is intermittentiy actuated, together with its companion chain 24, .in the operation of the automatic maanisms the path of movement of. the pusher. arms 25 is a trackway comprising parallel rails upon which the containers rest. This trackway comprises a plurality of different sections disposed end to end, a first section indicated generally at 2i the line or movement A t is discharged from the conveyor G and is moved onto the second conveyor D. The mechanism for receiving conters which is shown most clearly in Figures '7 and 8, a

a second section indicated generally at 28, which lies in the chilled liquid reservoir, a third section 29 which curves about the axis of sprocket'id, and a final straightaway section 30, each container being first placed upon the initial trackway section 2?, which is heated, and thereafter passing over the trackway sections 28, 2a and 3t, respectively, to the point at which the containers are removed from the conveyor. While being pushed along these trackways by the various pusher members of the conveyor, the containers are guided by side guide members indicated at 32, 33 and 36, respectively, so that lateral movement outwardly is prevented, the conveyor chain itself preventing lateral displacement of the containers inwardly of the conveyor.

The direction of movement of the conveyor chain is indicated by the arrows K in Figure 1 and each freshly coated container as it comes from the delivery means 0 of the coating apparatus is initially placed upon. the heated trackway 27. This trackway includes the longitudinally extending aligned sections 211' which .are engaged by the bottoms of the containers and the connected tubular members 2'! which are supplied, while the apparatus is in operation, with live steam to maintain section 2i of the trackway at an elevated temperature. The temperature is maintained at such a degree that the coating material flowing down the side wallsof the container will be maintained in fluid condition instead of being permitted to cool and form excessively thick layers. Likewise the excess parafin on the container bottoms will be kept liquid and caused to drip into the drip pan 36 immediately below, the containers as they are moved along the trackway by the pusher members passing successively over the transversely extending steam heated members 2l which act as scrapers and the containers likewise rocking forwardly and rearwardly to a certain extent, as they pass over members 21 as indicated in Figure 7.

This rocking movement serves to spread evenly over the bottom surface of each successive con= tainer the liquid coating material which it contains. Finally, the containers are delivered from the trackway section 2i onto the trackway section 28, which lies within the liquid reservoir $8,

the bottoms of the containers, which are'several plies of paper in thickness, being immersed in the chilled liquid which is contained in the reservoir 38. The container bottoms, as they approach the end of the reservoir 38, engage the inclined trackway elements 39 and the containers pass upwardly over the end of the reservoir pan 38 onto the curved trackway elements 25, around which they successively pass, so as to reach the'straightaway trackway section 30. Before emerging from the outlet port of the housing or casing E all areas of the coating have been cooled and solidified and when each container reaches a position along successively delivered by the means C, placing successive containers upon the conveyor, and removing them therefrom after the coating mechanisms have been solidified will now be described.

This -mechanism is more clearly shown in Figures 3 and 4. In Figure 3 one end of the chute C for delivering freshly coated containers in a downwardly inclined direction is shown and a tubular member for receiving containers discharged therefrom is indicated at it, a container which has just been discharged from the chute C being shown in chain lines in Figure 3 within the receiver so, this container being hereafter said to occupy position 9A. The receiver an is open on the side which faces the cooling chamber and it is likewise cut away at al. It is plvotally sup ported at it for rocking movement in a, plane transverse to the conveyor and means is provided for giving it a rocking movement in synclironism with the movements of the conveyor so that it will periodically move from the position in which it is shown in. dotted lines ini igure 3 to the position in which it is shown in full lines 7 in this figure, transferring a container from position BA to position iB, a container in position 53 being vertically disposed with bottom or closed end lowermost, open end uppermost, immediately above the heated trackway section 2i, and immediately in advance of one of the pusher members 25 of the conveyor.

After being so positioned the conveyor will be advanced and the pusher member will pass through the tubular erecting member it, so to speak, pushing the container before it from position iB to position iC, this being possible because member at is cut away at ii to permit passage of the pushers, as previously stated. The container will then be intermittently advanced by the conveyor from position EC to position in then to position lE, etc., around the several trackway sections until it reaches the position BM,

which is the position of discharge from the conveyor. At this point a kicker arm or lever it which is mounted for movement laterally of the trackway section at will strike the container toward its bottom and thrust it laterally in the direction indicated by the arrow B, along the line A, until its lower trailing corner disengages the ends of the parallel transversely extending track elements at whereupon the container will fall vertically downwardly onto the lower conveyor, generally indicated at D, being guided in its falling movements by means which it is unnecessary to describe in. detail, as it forms no portion of the present invention, guide means of the type disclosed in Patent 2,183,927, issued December 19, '1939, to J. E. Wollenweber being eminently suited for this purpose.

The container receiving and, erecting member it is operated in synchronism with the container displacing or discharging member t3 and preferably both are operated from a single power driven member such for instance as the cam t6 fixed upon the constantly rotating shaft M, which may be the main drive shaft of the automatic machine. In the cam groove d8 of cam it is a cam roller or follower wand this follower is 1'0- tatably supported upon the end of an arm 56 which is rigid with the tubular erecting member Au. Hence rocking movements of member til will occur as the cam #35 is rotated. The movements of lever Eli are communicated to the kicker for instance by an electric motor discharge port of the or discharge lever 43 by means of a link 52, one

end for oscillation about a flxed axis, the lever 43 being mounted upon the free end of lever 58.

Lever 43, however, is not rigidly connected to rocking lever 53 but is mounted upon a pivot pin 53"carried by lever 53 and yieldably held against rocking movement upon this, pin by a spring pressed detent, or other frictional device (not illustrated). Shoulders 43' of lever 43, on opposite sides of pivot pin 53, contact with spaced portions of a safety switch S which is included in the circuit which supplies the current to the driving motor (not shown) so that, should the movement of lever. towar the left (Figure 3) be strongly opposed, as by a jammed container, it will be rocked about its. point of pivotal support and will actuate the safety switch, thus causing the conveyor and associated mechanism to stop,"

The operative connection between members 40 and 43 is therefore such that, as one container is discharged from the conveyor, a freshly coated container is being placed thereon and the movements of these members are synchronized with the movements of the conveyor chain M and the conveyor D so that a constant stream of containers is kept moving, with a step-by-stcp movement, throughout the apparatus.

While the containers are within the cooling chamber, the end or bottom of each is cooled by contact with a liquid such as water and the upper and thinner sections thereof are cooled by means of a blast'of chilled air. The reservoirfor the chilled-liquid has previously been referred to and is indicated at 38 in the drawings. It comprises essentially an elongated open pan within which are the container supporting rails 28 and a body of liquid to the depth shown in Figure 6. at one end the pan is provided with a lateral projection 38' leading to a downtake or waste pipe 55 and it has at its other end a liquid intake pipe 56 by means of'which chilled liquid can be introduced at the desired rate, the liquid moving through the reservoir, therefore, in the same direction as do the containers so that the containers first contact with the coolest liquid.

The means for circulating air over the upper surfaces of the several containers within the cooling chamber includes a fan or blower 60 suitably mounted within the casing E at its bottom and preferably driven by means without the casing, as 6|, the shaft of which is connected by means of a belt 82 with a pulley 63 mounted upon an end of the blower shaft which projects without the casing E. The

blower opens into a chamber 64 having an upwardly curved plate or bailie 65 which directs the blast or current of air upwardly into the lower end of a relatively large uptake 66, rectangular in horizontal section, and the walls of which are preferably fabricated of light sheet metal A foraminous; member such as a metal screen, indicated at 61, is disposed horizontally just above the baille or directing plate 65 and functions to render the velocity of the upwardly directed air stream substantially uniform over the entire ho ontal sectionof the uptake.

While the end walls 66' of the uptake terminate below the level of the conveyor G, the side walls are continued upwardly and are deflected inwardly as indicated at 66 in Figure 5, the upper v 8 edges of these side walls terminating Just below the undersurface of the top of the casing 1!. Hence the current of upflowing air will be constrained to pass through and around the conveyor G, upwardly over the exterior wall surfaces of the containers mounted on the conveyor, and thence, after impinging against the top of the casing, will be directed laterally and into the relatively narrow downtakes 10 intermediate the side walls of the uptake and the side walls of the casing E, the lower ends of the downtake 10 being in communication with the intake of the blower 60 .so that an air current or stream will be maintained in constant circulation in the directions indicated by the several arrows in Figure 5. Naturally some of the circulated air will escape from the ports in the top of the casing through sections through which which the containers are introduced and withdrawn, but any air thus lost is replaced by fresh air drawn inwardly into the casing throughthese same port's.

The means for chilling the air is located in the uptake, just above the screen 51, and'immediately below the conveyor G, and @ls shown in Figures 2 and 5 to'comprise a battery of tube refrigerant, which may be either of gaseous or lated so long as the apparatus is in operation. The temperature of the upwardly moving gaseous current may be regulated by increasing or de. creasing, as desired, the cooling effect of the refrigerating means, which refrigerating means is generally indicated at. R.

The refrigerating means which is employed to maintain the current of circulating air at the desired temperature is also employed to chill the water which is passingto the reservoiri38 and this is accomplished by causing. the water flowing toward the reservoir 88 to pass along a tortuous path around a conduit H which is serving as a duct for the transmission of refrigerant. The conduit II is, in this instance, leading gaseous refrigerant from a header ll back to a compressor (not shown) and the temperature of the conduit is quite sufllciently low to have the desired cooling effect water. In Figure 11 of the drawings the refrigerant conduit H is shown to be-enveloped by a tubular member 12, closed at its ends and having associated therewith a conduit H for introducing water into one end of the same, the conduit 55, previously referred to, being connected to the opposite end. A helical fln or vane H encircling the refrigerating duct or conduit ll causes the water flowing through the tubular member 12 from the inlet end to the outlet end to pass along a helical path and thus have a prolonged contact with the low temperature pipe ll. As it issues from the end of tubular member 12 it will preferably be almost at a freezing temperature and has practically the same low temperature as it is discharged into the end of the pan 38. The cooling apparatus which is illustrated in Figures 9 and. 10, by way of example, is substantially identical with that shown and described in Letters Patent No. 2,213,206, issued September 3, 1940, to Howard Paul Culver as inventor, which apparatus is well suited to perform the functions specified. Other cooling systems may, however, be employed if desired, the invention not being limited in this respect.

In the modified form of the invention shown in Figure 12 the screen or foraminous member which is positioned adjacent the discharge port of the blower 60 is vertically, instead of liquid nature, is circuupon the stream of flowing acme'rr Q horizontally, disposed, extending from the floor of the cabinet upwardly to the lower ducts of posed screen, such as shown in Figure 9, is employed. Other means for equalizing flow velocities over all areas of the rising column of air are within the import of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to besecured by Letters Patent is:

1. In a device of the class described, in combination, a container cooling chamber having an inlet aperture, a conveyor extending through said aperture, said conveyor having a series of spaced pusher members mountedthereon for pushing containers through said aperture, and a member movable transversely of said conveyor for successively placing containers in position to be engaged by said pushers, said member being apertured or cut away so as not to obstruct said pushers or interfere with the advancing movement of the conveyor while said member is in container placing position. I

2. Container cooling means comprising a casing having horizontally spaced ports through which containersmay be introduced and discharged, respectively, means positioned toward a predetermined substantially horizontal pathonto another portion of said trackway and'thereafter advancing the container along the trackway.

5. In a device of the class described, in com bination, a cooling chamber and endless conveyor disposed in a horizontal plane and having parallel straight reaches each disposed partially within and partially without said cooling chamber, an inclined chute for guiding a partially completed and freshly coated container toward a delivery station closely adjacent one straight reach of the conveyor, said delivery station being the topof the casing for moving containers along way from the port ofintroduction to the port of vertical walls parallel to the casing side walls and defining with the casing walls lateral downtakes communicating with the blower intake.

3. Container cooling means comprising a cas- 7 ing having ports through which containers may be introduced and discharged, respectively, means positioned toward the top of the casing for moving containers along a predetermined substantially horizontal pathway from the port .of introduction to the port of discharge, a blower within the casing and at the bottom thereof, means guiding the output of the blower upwardly centrally of the casing over the container moving means and against the top of the casing, said means also defining with the casing walls lateral downtakes communicating with the blower intake, and a foraminous member disposed transversely within the blast guiding means for retarding the faster moving portions of the blower driven air stream and rendering the rate of flow of air substantially uniform over all horizontal areas of the air stream.

4. A container cooling mechanism including a trackway, a member movably mounted adjacent the trackway and adapted to receive a container andto move the container into position immediately above a portion of the trackway and out of contact therewith, and a conveyor, said conveyor including a-pusher movable along a path parallel to the trackway for effecting the discharge of a container laterally from said member is without the cooling chamber, 'mechanism' for receiving containers delivered to said delivery station, erecting the same and positioning them,

to be engaged byand deposited on the conveyor, and mechanism for successively removing-cooled containers from the conveyor after such containers have emerged from the cooling chamber.

thereafter into vertical position transversely across the adjacent straight reach of the conveyor, said tubular member being cut away to receive the conveyor and to permit a container therein to be laterally discharged onto the conveyor.

7. Container-cooling means comprising 9. casing having side walls and a horizontal top closure member, the side walls having spaced container inlet and outlet ports disposed in substantially the same horizontal plane, means for moving a container which has been introduced into the casing through the inlet port along a predetermined path to the outlet port, and means positioned centrally of the casing for directing a stream of cooling air vertically upwardly against and past a container engaged by said first-mentioned means and against the horizontal top closure member, and ducts positioned laterally of said central air directing means and on opposite sides of the path of travel of the containers, the air stream after striking said top being divided and passing downwardly through said ducts.

8-. In a mechanism of the type described, in

combination, a horizontally disposed containersupporting trackway, a chain, means supporting and guiding the chain for movement longitudinally of the trackway along a path closely-adjacent to the trackway, pushers mounted on the chain, and projecting over the trackway, for engaging and advancing containers placed on said trackway, and a device positioned adjacent the trackway and moveable into a container discharging position directly above the trackway, for receiving a container, moving and placing the same into a position above a portion of the trackway but out of contact therewith, in which posi-.

thus permit an advancing pusher to pass the same and engage and move a containeralong the trackway. i

9. The combination set forth in claim 8 in which said device is generally tubular, the side walls thereof being cut away to permit lateral discharge of containers and the passage there through of the container pushers.

10. In a mechanism of the type described, in combination, a trackway, means for advancing and the passage therethrough' of the container puahers,

JAMES F. EARP.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the tile oi this patent:

UNITED STATES PA'IENTS Number Date Name r 2,027,255 Vogt Jan. '7, 1936 1,753,828 Greer Apr. 8, 1930 2,154,696 Phelps Apr. 18, 1939 Welland July 26, 1932 Number Name Date Worrall Dec. 17, 1935 Tull July 30, 1940 Winton Apr. 9, 1935 Rodman July 30, 1935 Buder Sept. 3, 1935 Heintzen June 18, 1940 Downey Nov. 15, 1938 Davidson Dec. 12, 1933 Kotcher Apr. 1, 1941 Webster Feb. 9, 1904 Ross June 6, 1933 Tanner June 10, 1941 Read May 13, 1941 Wollenweber Dec. 19,1939 Bracy Jan. 14, 1919 Hartmann Se t. 1, 1942 Young et a1. c. 1, 1908 Buhr Oct. 10, 1933 Wood ..-1 Apr. 20'," 1937 Gallup et al Aug. 27, 1918 Johnson Apr. 19, 1927

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