US2413607A - Time-delay network - Google Patents

Time-delay network Download PDF

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Publication number
US2413607A
US2413607A US582283A US58228345A US2413607A US 2413607 A US2413607 A US 2413607A US 582283 A US582283 A US 582283A US 58228345 A US58228345 A US 58228345A US 2413607 A US2413607 A US 2413607A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
network
winding
core structure
core
delay
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US582283A
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English (en)
Inventor
Toro Michael J Di
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hazeltine Research Inc
Original Assignee
Hazeltine Research Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE472484D priority Critical patent/BE472484A/xx
Application filed by Hazeltine Research Inc filed Critical Hazeltine Research Inc
Priority to US582283A priority patent/US2413607A/en
Priority to US582284A priority patent/US2413608A/en
Priority to GB7735/46A priority patent/GB606549A/en
Priority to GB7733/46A priority patent/GB606547A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2413607A publication Critical patent/US2413607A/en
Priority to FR946571D priority patent/FR946571A/fr
Priority to DEH5511A priority patent/DE898645C/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D11/00—Super-regenerative demodulator circuits
    • H03D11/02—Super-regenerative demodulator circuits for amplitude-modulated oscillations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D11/00—Super-regenerative demodulator circuits
    • H03D11/06—Super-regenerative demodulator circuits for angle-modulated oscillations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/30—Time-delay networks
    • H03H7/34—Time-delay networks with lumped and distributed reactance

Definitions

  • a balanced delay network of the prior art comprises a pair of similar distributed windings coaxially wound about i a common supportin'g core structure but with opposed pitches to contribute to the network uniformly dlstributed inductance and capacita'nce.
  • the physical characteristics of the windings such as dimensions, number of turns per unit length, andconductor size determine the total time delay of the network.
  • the losses and imperfections ofthe windings determine theattenuation and the pass-hand characteristics of the network. While such prior art time-delay networks have proved to be operative, they are subject to certain inherent limitations which may be undesirable in particular installatlons.
  • the arrangement is susceptible to two distinctly difierent modes of Operation: (1) balanced or normal Operation wherein the currents in corresponding portions of its windings are out oi' phase and (2) unbalanced or abnormal operation wherein the currents in corresponding-portions of its windings are in phase.
  • a balanced circuit is generally required for transferring signal energy to. or from the network.
  • An unbalanced delay network of the prior art comprises a single distrlubbed winding and an associated ground-return path.
  • Thev ground-r'etum path is usually provided by a slottedmetal tube which also serves as a supporting core f structure for the winding.
  • the capacitance be- ⁇ -"twee ⁇ n the winding and its core structure supplles tie distributed capacitance of the network which,
  • a particular time delav-- ⁇ may be obtained by aopropriately selecting the physical characteristics of the winding and its corefstiucture.
  • Such an arrangement is subject to but a single mode of operation and an unbalanced circuit may be utilized for transferring energy with reference thereto. To this extent the unbalanced delay network is more desirable than the described balanced arrangement.
  • unbalanced networks of the prior art have been subject to serious loss.
  • the eddy-current loss in the core structure has been severe since the core is closely positioned with reference to a large portion of the surface of the winding in order to furnish thedesired distributed capacitance in the network. Additionally, it is found that the core structure undesirably shields the magnetic fleld of the winding and reduces the inductance of the network.
  • a time-delay network for translating signal components inv cluded within a predetermined range of frequencies comprises an elongated and substan-v tially solid core structure of conductive. material.
  • the network includes an elongated winding insulated from'but electrically coupled along its length to the core structure to provide in the network a distributed capacitance comprising the capacitance between the core structure and the winding for determining, in conjunction with the inductance of the winding, the time delay of the network.
  • the core is constructed to have such conductivity that the eddy-current and conductiQn-Qm'rent losses thereof are approximately auaeor 3. equal at the mid-frequency of frequencies.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic represenof the aforesaid range tation of an unbalanced time-delay network in.
  • the IE for applying signals to the network is provided at one end of winding II, while an output terminai I6 for deriving delayed. signals therefrom is provided at the' opposite end of the winding.
  • Fig. 2 which is approximately the electrlcal equivalent of the Fig. 1 arrangement, the distributed inductance of winding II is shown as Series-connected inductors Li, Li and the distributed capacitanee between the winding and its core Structure is designated by Shunt-connected condensers Ci, C1.
  • This circuit arrangement in- The network is in the form of a simulated transmission line an'd cluding .Series-connected inductors and shuntconnected condensers essentially comprises ⁇ a transmisson line having a given total time delay. 'As will be made clear presently, the network isconstructed through appropriate proportioning of the conductivity of its core Structure to v have a minimum attenuation over a given pass core Structure is both conductive and magnetic, V
  • it may include comminuted graphite and iron particles molded into a conductive rod of any desired diameter andv length.
  • the network also includes an elongated or distributed winding I I wound' around core Structure III to be mechanically supported thereby.
  • winding is insulated from its supporting core Structure by means of an insulating sleeve or tape I2. although this insulation may be omitted where the insulation of the winding has sufllciently high dielectric properties.
  • the winding Due to the inherent capacitance between winding II and conductive core III, the winding is electrically couoled along its length to the core-Structure to provide in the delay network a distributed capacitance, namely, the capacitance between the core Structure and the winding.I
  • This capacitance in conjunctfon with theinductance of winding I I, determines the total time delay'of the network since the total time delay of any such4 network is proportional to the geometric mean of its total inductance and total cabacitance.
  • the diameter, length and permeability of core Structure IU; the Sizey and type of conductor utilized in fabricating winding II, the number and pitch of the winding convolutions are selected to aiord such desired values of inductance and capacitance that the network produces a certain total time delay.
  • an increase in the diameter or length of the core Structure and winding results in higher values of inductance and capacitance, while increasing the number of turnS per unit length of the winding increases primarily only the inductance.
  • the inductance alone may be increased to a desired value by proportioning the core Structure for higher permeability.
  • the time-delay network' further includes a connector I3, having a substantially lower im- Dedance than the core Structure and connected thereto adjacent'one end of winding II, for provding a -low-impedance path to a common terminal, usually ground, from the core Structure.
  • the common or ground terminai iS designated Il and the connection I3 thereto may comprise a Silver-plated conductive Strap;
  • An input terminal band for translating signal components included within a predetermined range of frequencies.
  • - conduction-current losses designates the losses resulting from current flow within the network as distinguished from losses attributable to induced currents, induced by actual vcurent flow within the network.
  • the eddy-current losses which do result from induced currents are associated with the inductance of winding II. .These losses may be considered as occurring in the resistors Re, Re shown in shunt relation with the Series-connected inductors Li, L1.
  • the conduction-current losses on the other hand are associated with the currents flowing through these inductors and the return path to ground and may be considered to' occur'in the resistors Re, Re of Fig. 2.
  • the core conductivity is eifective to determine the attenuation characteristic of the network and has a critical value for minimum attenuation.
  • The' optimum conductivity of the core, required for attaining minimum attenuation and maximum Q of the network, may be determined with the aid of the following expressions in which:
  • winding il ieffective series resistance per unit length of network of conduction-current and eddy-current loss resistances (ohms per meter).
  • Attenuation factors Rs and R vary in opposite senses with variations in the core resistivit'y p.
  • the total attenuation Rs may be minimized by selecting a value of core resistivity which causes the factors Bc and R to be equal at the mid-frequency of the pass band of the network.
  • the factor 6 indicates the preferred value of the factor 6 at least one and, preferably, a plurality of longitudinally or axially extending slots 20,' 20.
  • a core structure is obtainable'by molding the core about radially disposed ldielectric strips.
  • the dielectric strips have a very small cross section as compared with that of the coreV I0 so that while the core includes longitudinal slots the slots are' sufnciently small in cross section that the core may nevertheless be considered as substantially solid.
  • the presence of the longitudinal slots modifies the eddy-current paths of the delay network by precluding a complete circumferential path around the periphery of the core. This arrangement still further reduces the total attenuation of the network and increases. its Q in the manner described in the above-identifled copending application Serial No. 582,285.
  • Fig..l 4 there is represented a further embodiment of the delay network of Fig. 1, the instant modification including a longitudinal nonmagnetic conductor 30, conductively connected along its length to core structure I0 and connected by way of connector I3 to the common or ground terminai M. More specifically, conductor 30 is embedded within the core so as to be conductively connected therewith and extends beyond each end of the core structure. Its projecting ends may be threaded, as illustrated, to facilitate securing the delay network to a supporting structure.
  • Conductor 30 is selected to have a substantially lower impedance per unit length than that of core I0 and such a small cross-sectional configuration as compared with that of the core as to .be linked by only'a small fractional portion' of the magnetic flux of winding l I.
  • the conductor 30 may comprise a length of. copper rod and has such a smallradius in comparison with the radius of the core'structure that the core may be considered'as substantially homogeneous.
  • the schematic circuit diagram of Fig. 5 is the approximate electrical' bequival'ent of thevdelay i network of Fig. 4 and is generally similar to the schematic circuit diagramv of- Fig. 2', corresponding components thereof beingl designated' by the same reference characters.
  • conductor 30 of' Fig. 5 may be construed' as a ground plane associated with the network so that the conduc- 4 tion-current loss resistors Re are inserted in.
  • the percentage of conductive material to be in- V cluded in the core structure may be readily determine'd for a core of a given length and given diameter.
  • the core is constructed in this manner its conductivity is such that the eddy- ⁇ * ⁇ current losses and the conduction-current losses shunt arms of the network.
  • Ci distributed capacitance per unit length of the network (farads per meter).
  • Ri characteristic impedance of delay network (ohms).
  • Rp total radial resistance of core structure III (ohms).
  • tg one-way delay of network (seconds).
  • Equation 16 is an expression for-the resistivity of core Structure I of the network, resulting in minimum attenuation and maximum Q of the' network.
  • the factors of this equation are deflnitely known for a given network construction So that the' particular core construction necessary for minimum attenuation for arrangementsof the type illustrated in Fig. 4 may be readily determined.
  • the core resistivity is independent of frequency.
  • the optimum core resistivity causes the eddy-current losses in the core structure to be equal to the conduction-current losses thereof at all frequencies within Vthe pass hand of the network.
  • - conductor 30 has a very small cross section ascompared with that of core structure N. For this reason the conductor occupies but a small fractional portion of the magnetic field established by winding H and therefore is linked by only a small fractional portion of. the magnetic flux of the winding. While a single conductor is illustrated in" the core structure of the 4.embodiment, a plurality of similar low-impedance conductors may be provided if desired. The'advantage of increasing the number of such conductors is pointed outin related copending application Serial No. 582,284.
  • Terminals M, i5 and II permit the delay networklto be coupled as desired in Signal-translating systems.
  • Such a network is subject to a wide variety of applications and may be utilized, for example, to obtain a desired time delay of applied transient signala. Also through appropriate termination of the output circuit of the network, echoes or reflections of applied signals may be obtained, as with well-known reflecting transmission-line arrangements. Additionally, such a network is useful in pulse-generating systems wheren similar time-delay netw'orks determine the duration and spacing of the generatedthes.
  • Each of the described arrangement's has' the advantags of an unbalanced or three-terminai network and minimum attenuation to applied signais within .a desired range ofzfrequencies.
  • the delay network may exhibit a very high inductance and, cons'equently, produce'unusually long time delays for a network Structure 45 of given physical dimensions.
  • a time-delay network for translating signal components included withinl a predetermined range of frequencies comprising,- an elongated and substantialiy solid core Structure of conductive material, an elongated winding insulated from but eiectrically coupled along its length to said core Structure to provide in said network a distributed'capacitance comprising the capaci-l tancebetween said-winding and said core structure for determining in conjunction with the inat the mid-frequency of said range.
  • a time-delay network for translating signal components included within a predetermined range of frequencies comprising, a'n elongateci and substantially solid core Structure of conduc- 76 tive and magnetic material, an elong'ated wind- 9 ing insulated from but electrically coupledalon its length to said core Structure to provide in said network a, distributed capacitance comprising the capacitance between said winding and said core Structure for determining in coniunction with the inductance of said winding the time delay of V said network, said core Structure having such conductivity that the eddy-current and conduction-current losses thereof are approximately equal at the mid-frcquency of said range and having such permeability that said winding ,has a predetermned inductance per turn.
  • a time-delay network for translating signal components included within a predetermined range of frequencies comprising, an elongated and substantially solid core Structure of conductive material having at least one longitudinally extending slot, an elongated winding insulated from but electrical-ly coupledv along its length to said core Structure to provide in said network a distributed capacitance comprising the capacitance between said winding and said core Strucapproximately equal at all frequencies within said range.
  • a time-delay network for translating signal components included within a predetermined range of frequencies comprising, an eiongated and Substantially solid core Structure of conductive material, an elongated winding insulated from but electrically coupled along its length to ture. for determining in conjunction with the inductance of ⁇ said winding the time delay of said network, said core Structure having such conductivity that the' eddy-current and conduction-current losses thereof are approximately equal at the mid-frequency of said range.
  • a time-delay network for translating signal components included within a predetermined range of frequencies comprising, an elongated and substantially Solid core Structure of conductive material, an elongated winding insulated from but electrically coupled along its length to said core Structure to provide in said network a distributed capacitance comprising the capacitance between said winding and said core Structure for determining in conjunction with the inductance of said winding the time delay of said network, and a longitudinal conductor conductively connected along itslength to said core Structure and having a Substantially lower impedance per unit length than said core Structure and such cross-sectional conflguration as to be iinked by only a small fractional portion of the magnetic fiux of said winding, said core structure having such conductivity that the eddycurrent and conduction-current losses thereof are -said core Structure to provide in said network a distributed capacitance comprising the capacitance between said winding and said corestructure for determining in conjunction with the inductance ,of said winding the time delay of said network, and
  • said conductor having a substantially lower impedance per unit length than said core structure and'such cross-sectional configuration as to be -linked by only a Small fractional portion of the magnetic flux of said winding, and said core Structure having such lconductivity that the eddycurrent. and conduction-current losses thereof are approximately equal at all frequencies within said range.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
US582283A 1945-03-12 1945-03-12 Time-delay network Expired - Lifetime US2413607A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE472484D BE472484A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1945-03-12
US582283A US2413607A (en) 1945-03-12 1945-03-12 Time-delay network
US582284A US2413608A (en) 1945-03-12 1945-03-12 Time-delay network
GB7735/46A GB606549A (en) 1945-03-12 1946-03-12 Time-delay transmission line
GB7733/46A GB606547A (en) 1945-03-12 1946-03-12 Time-delay transmission line
FR946571D FR946571A (fr) 1945-03-12 1947-05-13 Réseau retardateur
DEH5511A DE898645C (de) 1945-03-12 1950-09-23 Verzoegerungsnetzwerk mit einem einen leitenden Stoff enthaltenden langgestreckten zylindrischen Kern und einer laengs des Kernes verteilten Wicklung

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US582283A US2413607A (en) 1945-03-12 1945-03-12 Time-delay network
US582284A US2413608A (en) 1945-03-12 1945-03-12 Time-delay network

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Publication Number Publication Date
US2413607A true US2413607A (en) 1946-12-31

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US582284A Expired - Lifetime US2413608A (en) 1945-03-12 1945-03-12 Time-delay network

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US582284A Expired - Lifetime US2413608A (en) 1945-03-12 1945-03-12 Time-delay network

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US (2) US2413607A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE472484A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE898645C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR946571A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (2) GB606549A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2781495A (en) * 1946-01-15 1957-02-12 Arden H Fredrick Delay line phase shifter
DE1022651B (de) * 1955-10-18 1958-01-16 Siemens Ag Daempfungsglied fuer konzentrische Hochfrequenzleitungen
DE1226178B (de) * 1960-03-29 1966-10-06 Fuba Antennenwerke Transformationsglied fuer den UKW- und Fernsehbetrieb

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE476787A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1946-10-22
FR959554A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1947-01-13 1950-03-31
US2611101A (en) * 1947-04-15 1952-09-16 Wallauschek Richard Traeling wave amplifier tube
BE483594A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1947-07-03
US2672572A (en) * 1947-07-18 1954-03-16 Philco Corp Traveling wave tube
BE486035A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1947-12-31
FR962369A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1948-02-10 1950-06-09
US2626371A (en) * 1948-07-16 1953-01-20 Philco Corp Traveling wave tube attenuator
BE491016A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1948-09-09
US2660690A (en) * 1948-10-15 1953-11-24 Sylvania Electric Prod Traveling wave tube
US2730649A (en) * 1950-02-04 1956-01-10 Itt Traveling wave amplifier
US2740068A (en) * 1951-12-28 1956-03-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave electron discharge device
US2727213A (en) * 1953-01-19 1955-12-13 Zenith Radio Corp Time-delay network
US5057193A (en) * 1989-04-05 1991-10-15 Olin Corporation Anti-tarnish treatment of metal foil

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2781495A (en) * 1946-01-15 1957-02-12 Arden H Fredrick Delay line phase shifter
DE1022651B (de) * 1955-10-18 1958-01-16 Siemens Ag Daempfungsglied fuer konzentrische Hochfrequenzleitungen
DE1226178B (de) * 1960-03-29 1966-10-06 Fuba Antennenwerke Transformationsglied fuer den UKW- und Fernsehbetrieb

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE898645C (de) 1953-12-03
GB606549A (en) 1948-08-16
FR946571A (fr) 1949-06-08
US2413608A (en) 1946-12-31
BE472484A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB606547A (en) 1948-08-16

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