US2411535A - High-frequency electron discharge apparatus - Google Patents

High-frequency electron discharge apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2411535A
US2411535A US445505A US44550542A US2411535A US 2411535 A US2411535 A US 2411535A US 445505 A US445505 A US 445505A US 44550542 A US44550542 A US 44550542A US 2411535 A US2411535 A US 2411535A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gap
discharge apparatus
electron
electron discharge
gaps
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Expired - Lifetime
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US445505A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fremlin John Heaver
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STC PLC
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Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/06—Tubes having only one resonator, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly velocity modulation, e.g. Lüdi-Klystron
    • H01J25/08—Tubes having only one resonator, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly velocity modulation, e.g. Lüdi-Klystron with electron stream perpendicular to the axis of the resonator

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron discharge apparatus for operation at very high frequencies and particularly to such apparatus of the electron-velocity modulation type.
  • Electron discharge tubes working by means of velocity modulation usually suiier from one of two practical disadvantages.
  • they may embody two separate resonant circuits, loosely coupled together, or secondly, they may comprise a single resonator or two resonators very closely coupled together.
  • Velocity modulation it is possible to use a low amplitude Velocity modulation and hence to avoid. the loss of 'efnoiency produced by a wide velocity variation in the modulated beam, but it is necessary that the separate circuits should be very accurately tuned to each other. This, of course, leads to serious practical difficulties in sealed-oil? tubes.
  • the tuning presents no difiiculty but on account of the close coupling the modulating and working voltage amplitudes are very close together and hence there is a wide velocity spread in the modulated beam and consequent loss of efficiency.
  • shielding means is associated with the first gap for the purpose of reducing the intensity of the oscillating field therein.
  • an electron discharge apparatus of the electron-velocity modulated type comprising as a resonator a short length of concentric conductor line having aligned diametric slots or apertures in 6 Claims. (01. 250-275) the outer and inner tubular conductor members forming successive gaps which are adapted to be traversed in turn by an electron beam, the first or modulating gap is partially screened by a pair of shields which are respectively attached to or form part of the outer and inner conductor members.
  • the length of the drift space can be nearly doubled for the same bunching effect and, if losses of electrons to the walls are not seriously increased a very considerable gain in efficiency will result.
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a tube according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a horizontal section through the apparatus taken on the line 33 of Fig. 1.
  • the modulating gap between fins l and 2 is partially screened by a pair of rectangular section shields 6 and 7 which are respectively attached to or form I part of the tubes II and I2 which project beyond the ends of the fins I, 2 but leave a free path for the electron beam.
  • the optimum value of n may be 2, 3 or any desired integral value with a consequent increase in efiiciency. It will usually be found that the best value for n is 2 or 3 as greater values will begin to lead to electron losses of a serious nature and the advantage to be I 3 gained by an increase of n from 3 to 4 is extremely small compared with that gained by the increase from 1 to 2.
  • An electron discharge apparatus comprising cavity resonator means having a first gap for modulating the velocity of electrons and a second gap for yielding energy to the resonator means, means for generating an electron beam and positioned for directing it through said gaps and to said gaps and screening means applied to the first gap for reducing the intensity of the oscillating field therein.
  • An electron discharge apparatus for operation at high frequencies comprising cavity resonator means provided with a first gap for modulating electron velocity and a second gap aligned with said first gap, means for generating an electron beam and positioned for directing it through said gaps, and metallic shielding means surrounding said first gap and electrically connected to said resonator means.
  • An electron discharge apparatus for operation at high frequencies comprising cavity resonator means the walls of which are provided with slots forming two aligned gaps of which one serves to modulate electron velocity and the other to yield energy to the resonator, means for generating an electron beam and positioned for directing it through said gaps, fins attached to the edges of slots at each end of the modulating gap defining the length of said modulating gap, and two metallic shields respectively surrounding and spaced from the fins at each end of the modulating gap for screening said gap.
  • Electron discharge apparatus of th electron velocity modulated type comprising resonator means including a short length of concentric conductor line comprising outer and inner tubular conductor members, diametric aligned slots in the said outer and inner conductor members having edges defining first and second gaps, means for generating an electron beam and positioned for directing it through said slots and across said aps, and metallic shielding means surrounding said first gap and electrically connected to said resonator means.
  • Electron discharge apparatus of the electron velocity modulated type comprising resonator means including a short length of concentric conductor line comprising outer and inner tubular conductor members, diametric aligned slots in the said outer and inner conductor members having edges defining first and second gaps, means for generating an electron beam and positioned for directing it through said slots and across said gaps, and two metallic shielding members surrounding said first gap and respectively attached to said outer and inner tubular conductor meme bers.
  • Electron discharge apparatus of the electron velocity modulated type comprising resonator means including a short length of concentric conductor line comprising outer and inner tubular conductor members, diametric aligned slots in the said outer and inner conductor members forming first and second gaps, means for generating an electron beam and positioned for directing it through said slots and across said gaps, fins attached to the edges of the slots forming said first gap for defining the effective length of said first gap, and shielding members surrounding and spaced from said fins and projecting beyond the ends of said fins into the space between said outer and inner tubular conductor members.

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  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US445505A 1940-08-02 1942-06-02 High-frequency electron discharge apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2411535A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB12517/40A GB577005A (en) 1940-08-02 1940-08-02 Improvements in or relating to high frequency electron discharge apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2411535A true US2411535A (en) 1946-11-26

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ID=10006048

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US445505A Expired - Lifetime US2411535A (en) 1940-08-02 1942-06-02 High-frequency electron discharge apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2411535A (fr)
BE (1) BE469836A (fr)
ES (1) ES173174A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR932826A (fr)
GB (1) GB577005A (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2485661A (en) * 1942-05-08 1949-10-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Oscillation generator of the velocity modulation type
US2548567A (en) * 1943-09-03 1951-04-10 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Magnetron oscillator
US2556881A (en) * 1950-05-24 1951-06-12 Gen Electric Negative attenuation amplifier discharge device
US2773214A (en) * 1951-02-17 1956-12-04 Jean P Voge Velocity modulation tubes
US2818519A (en) * 1953-11-13 1957-12-31 Telefunken Gmbh Cathode-ray tube
US2932762A (en) * 1957-09-11 1960-04-12 Sylvania Electric Prod Distributed microwave amplifier
US3076117A (en) * 1959-04-27 1963-01-29 Gen Electric Parametric energy converter
US3116435A (en) * 1959-07-28 1963-12-31 Eitel Mccullough Inc Velocity modulation tube
US3230413A (en) * 1961-02-27 1966-01-18 Varian Associates Coaxial cavity slow wave structure with negative mutual inductive coupling

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2485661A (en) * 1942-05-08 1949-10-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Oscillation generator of the velocity modulation type
US2548567A (en) * 1943-09-03 1951-04-10 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Magnetron oscillator
US2556881A (en) * 1950-05-24 1951-06-12 Gen Electric Negative attenuation amplifier discharge device
US2773214A (en) * 1951-02-17 1956-12-04 Jean P Voge Velocity modulation tubes
US2818519A (en) * 1953-11-13 1957-12-31 Telefunken Gmbh Cathode-ray tube
US2932762A (en) * 1957-09-11 1960-04-12 Sylvania Electric Prod Distributed microwave amplifier
US3076117A (en) * 1959-04-27 1963-01-29 Gen Electric Parametric energy converter
US3116435A (en) * 1959-07-28 1963-12-31 Eitel Mccullough Inc Velocity modulation tube
US3230413A (en) * 1961-02-27 1966-01-18 Varian Associates Coaxial cavity slow wave structure with negative mutual inductive coupling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES173174A1 (es) 1946-05-16
GB577005A (en) 1946-05-01
BE469836A (fr)
FR932826A (fr) 1948-04-02

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