US2409897A - High-frequency pulse generator - Google Patents

High-frequency pulse generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2409897A
US2409897A US579955A US57995545A US2409897A US 2409897 A US2409897 A US 2409897A US 579955 A US579955 A US 579955A US 57995545 A US57995545 A US 57995545A US 2409897 A US2409897 A US 2409897A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tube
charging
discharging
pulse
potential
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US579955A
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English (en)
Inventor
John A Rado
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hazeltine Research Inc
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Hazeltine Research Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE475318D priority Critical patent/BE475318A/xx
Application filed by Hazeltine Research Inc filed Critical Hazeltine Research Inc
Priority to US579955A priority patent/US2409897A/en
Priority to GB3169/46A priority patent/GB607365A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2409897A publication Critical patent/US2409897A/en
Priority to FR950510D priority patent/FR950510A/fr
Priority to CH266221D priority patent/CH266221A/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
    • B23K11/26—Storage discharge welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
    • H03K3/55—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a gas-filled tube having a control electrode

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to high-frequency pulse generators of the type in which pulses are generated in response to the periodic charging and discharging of an energy-storage device. While the invention is subject to a variety of applications, it is especially suited to generator arrangements in which the energystorage device is charged and discharged through gasdilled electron-discharge devices and will be particularly described in that connection.
  • highfrequency pulse generator is intended to designate a generator for producing output pulses which may occur at high repetition frequencies.
  • a transmission-line section is utilized as an energy-storage device, being charged from a potential source through a vacuum tube and thereafter being discharged rapidly through a gas-filled tube.
  • a pulse transformer coupled into the discharge circuit of the line section supplies an output pulse of a given polarity to a load circuit upon each discharging of the line.
  • the generated pulses have a substantially rectangular wave form and a duration approximately equal to 2 ⁇ LC, where L and C, respectively, designate the total inductance and total capacitance of the transmission line.
  • pulses of high peak power may be generated while thearrangement operates at moderate supply voltages, thus obviating the necessity for an elaborate highvoltage power supply and reducing the equipment cost and shock hazards.
  • a high-frequency pulse generator comprises means for supplying a unidirectional potential to the generator, having one terminal connected to a common terminal of the generator maintained at a, fixed reference potential and havin a second terminal by-passed for alternating currents to the common terminal.
  • the arrangement has an energy-storage device, including a transmissionline section having an input terminal and havingshunt-connected condensers half of which are connected between the second terminal of the potential-supplying means and the input terminal while the remaining half are connected between the common and input terminals.
  • the generator has means for eiiectively connecting the input terminal to the second terminal of the potential-supplying means to provide a charging circuit for establishing a predetermined charge on the energy-storage device in a time interval which is short with reference to the minimum period of the generated pulses. Additionally, means are provided for effectively connecting the input terminal to the common terminal to provide a discharge circuit for the energy-storage device which is electrically equivalent to its charging circuit.
  • the desired output pulses are obtained through means coupled to the charging and discharging circuits for deriving an output pulse of -a given polarity and amplitude in response to the charging of the energy-storage device and for deriving an output pulse of the same polarity and approximately the same amplitude in response to the discharging of the energy-storage device.
  • the generator has means for controlling the charging and discharging circuits alternately to charge and discharge the energy-storage device so as to generate output pulses of the above-mentioned given polarity and amplitude and occurring in a predetermined time sequence.
  • Fig. 1 is a'schematic circuit diagram of a high-frequency pulse generator in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a series of graphs utilized in explaining the operation of the Fig. 1 arrangement
  • Fig. 3 i a schematic representation of a portion of the Fig. 1 arrangement in modified form.
  • the pulse generator there represented comprises an energy-storage device in the form of an artificial or simulated transmissionline section I having an input terminal H.
  • the line is formed of lumped circuit elements, including series-connected inductors l2, l2 and intermediate shunt condensers I3, l3 arranged to define filter sections. A sufficient number of such filter sections are provided so that the line section l0 in charging and discharging may deliver energy to a load circuit substantially continuously during a desired pulse interval.
  • the line is unterminated at one end and may be considered to be open-circuited.
  • the generator also comprises a charging circuit for establishing a predetermined charge on line section It! in a time interval which is short with reference to the minimum period of the generated pulses.
  • the expression period of the generated pulses is intended to define the time interval between corresponding portions of succeeding ones of the generated pulses.
  • This charging circuit is provided by a connection 14 to ground from line section I0 and a resistor IS, a first gas-filled electron-discharge device or tube l6 of the tetrode type, and a first winding section I!
  • the line-charging tube I6 is normally maintained in a nonconductive condition. To this end, its control electrode is held at a fixed negative potential with reference to ground by means of a potential source Ec and resistors l9 and connected thereacross in series, while the cathode potential with respect to ground is determined primarily by the charge condition of line section 10.
  • the control electrode of tube I6 is connected to potential source -Ec through the secondary winding of an additional pulse transformer 2
  • the screen electrode of this tube is maintained at the potential of its cathode and the control electrode is coupled to its cathode by way of a condenser 22.
  • discharging circuit for discharging line section II) in a time interval which is short with referenc to the minimum period of the generated pulses.
  • the discharging circuit includes a second gas-filled electron-discharge tube and a second winding section 26 of the first-mentioned pulse transformer which serially connect input terminal H to conductor l4.
  • Discharge tube 25 is similar to the charging tube l6 and is likewise normally maintained in a nonconductive condition.
  • the control electrode of tube 25 is connected to an adjustable tap of a variable resistor 30 included in a biasing circuit consisting of potential source -Ec, variable resistor 30, and resistors 3
  • a third winding section 21 of the first-mentioned pulse transformer provides means in the generator, coupled to the described charging and discharging circuits, for deriving output pulses in response to both the charging and discharging of line section I0.
  • Winding sections I1 and 26 are so poled that an output pulse of a given polarity is induced in winding 2! in response to the chargin of the line section, while an output pulse of the same polarity is induced in this winding in response to the discharging of the line section,
  • a suitable utilizin circuit may be coupled to the terminals associated with winding 21 for utilizing the output pulses supplied by the generator.
  • the load circuit of transformer i1, 25, and 21 is so arranged that, when either charging tube IE or discharging tube 25 is rendered conductive, the impedance coupled to the input terminal of line section I0 corresponds to its characteristic impedance. This proportioning of the r load circuit of the transformer assures maximum power transfer from the generator.
  • the generator additionally includes means for controlling the described charging and discharging circuits alternately to charge and discharge the line section l0 so as to generate output pulses of a given polarity and occurring in a predetermined time sequence.
  • the charging and discharging circuits individually include electrondischarge tubes normally maintained in a nonconductive condition
  • the instant means is utilized alternately to render the tubes conductive.
  • the time sequence in which the tubes are rendered conductive determines the time sequence or repetition frequency of the generated pulses.
  • the control means as illustrated, i provided by an input terminal 40 to which may be applied a control signal for application to the control electrodes of tubes l6 and 25.
  • Terminal 40 is coupled by means of a condenser 4
  • the cathode impedance of tube 43 consists of a self-biasing resistor 44 in series with a resistor 45.
  • An amplifier, including a triode 46 is cathode-coupled to cathode follower 43 and includes in its output circuit the primary winding of pulse transformer 2
  • the control electrode of charging tube !6 is coupled to the control circuit by way of this pulse transformer.
  • the control electrode of discharging tube 25, however, is coupled through a condenser 41 to the output circuit of amplifier 46.
  • lA voltage divider 48 is utilized in establishing a bias potential on the control electrode of tube 46 and condenser 49 is employed as a blocking condenser.
  • the described control circuit in conjunction with the potential source -Ec associated with the control electrodes of tubes l6 and 25, serves to control the charging and discharging circuits in a manner presently to be described.
  • the control pulses are translated through cathode follower 43 and amplifier 46 and are applied with positive polarity to the control electrodes of charging tube l6 and discharging tube 25.
  • the first pulse of the applied control signal initiates an electron discharge in tube [6 but is unable to overcome the bias potential on tube 25 which remains nonconductive.
  • curve E represents the time sequence of the generated pulses which will be seen to correspond with that of the applied control pulses.
  • the control signal it is necessary that the time separation between succeeding pulses thereof be more than the deionization interval of charging tube l6 and discharging tube 25.
  • these tubes are rendered conductive in alternation, neither is rendered conductive until the deionization interval of the other has passed. It will be clear that if tube 25, for example, were triggered during the deionization interval of tube IS, a lowimpedance-path would be established across potential source +B. This undesired result is obviated by spacing the pulses of the control signal in the manner mentioned above.
  • the generator of Fig. l is effective to produce output pulses of high repetition frequencies, limited only by the deionization intervals of tubes I6 and 25.
  • the maximum repetition frequency is obtained when these tubes are so controlled that each is rendered conductive immediately following the deionization interval of the other.
  • the generator has the advantage of high efliciency. This follows from the fact that the energy available in both the charging and discharging process is utilized in deriving output pulses.
  • the pulses obtained in the charging process have a smaller amplitude than those resulting from the discharging process. This is due to the dissimilarity of the charging and discharging circuits.
  • the discharging circuit ineludes only the line section I 0, winding 26 and discharging tube 25, while the impedance elements involved in the charging process are the line section l0, winding I1, charging tube l6, and by-pass condenser l8.
  • the output pulses have the same amplitude as well as the same polarity.
  • FIG. 3 represents a modification of the charging and discharging circuits of the Fig. I arrangement with which output pulses of equal amplitudes are obtained.
  • the components of Fig. 3 which correspond to those of Fig. 1 are identified by the same reference characters.
  • one terminal 60 to which source +B is applied is connected to a common terminal that is maintained at a fixed reference potential,
  • gas-filled tubes are employed in the charging and discharging circuits in order that their high current-carrying capacity may be exploited to generate output pulses of high power.
  • vacuum tubes may be utilized in their stead in which case no deionization phenomenon is involved and increased repetition frequencies limited only by tube dissipation capabilities are possible.
  • Pulse generators constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention are subject to a variety of applications.
  • they may be used to pulse-modulate a transmitted carrier-wave signal.
  • they may be included in welding systems and the like.
  • a high-irequency pulse generator comprising, means for supplying a unidirectional potential to said generator having one terminal connected to a common terminal of said generator maintained at a fixed reference potential and having a second terminal by-passed foralternating currents to said common terminal, an energystorage device including a transmissiondine section having an input terminal and having shuntconnected condensers half of which are connected between said second terminal of said potential supplying means and said input terminal while the remaining half thereof are connected between said common terminal and said input terminal, means for eiiectively connecting said input terminal to said second terminal -of said potential supplying means to provide a charging circuit for establishing a predetermined charge on said energy-storage device in a time interval which is short with reference to the minimum period of the generated pulses, means for effectively connecting said input terminal to said common terminal to provide a discharging circuit for said energy-storage device which is electrically equivalent to said charging circuit, means coupled to said charging and discharging circuits for deriving an output pulse of a given polarity and ampli
  • a high-frequency pulse generator comprising, means for supplying a unidirectional potential to said generator having one terminal grounded and having a second terminal bypassed for alternating currents to ground, an energy-storage device including a transmissionline section having an input terminal and having shunt-connected condensers half of which are connected between said second terminal of said potential supplying means and said input terminal while the remaining half thereof are connected between ground and said input terminal, means for effectively connecting said input terminal to said second terminal of said potential supplying means to provide a charging circuit for establishing a predetermined charge on said energy-storage device in a time interval which is short with reference to the minimum period of the generated pulses, means for effectively connecting said input terminal to ground to provide a discharging circuit for said energy-storage device which is electrically equivalent to said charging circuit, means coupled to said charging and discharging circuits for deriving an output pulse of a given polarity and amplitude in response to the charging of said energy-storage device and for deriving an output pulse of the same'polarity and approximately the same

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
US579955A 1945-02-27 1945-02-27 High-frequency pulse generator Expired - Lifetime US2409897A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE475318D BE475318A (it) 1945-02-27
US579955A US2409897A (en) 1945-02-27 1945-02-27 High-frequency pulse generator
GB3169/46A GB607365A (en) 1945-02-27 1946-01-31 High-frequency pulse generator
FR950510D FR950510A (fr) 1945-02-27 1947-07-30 Générateur de pulsation haute fréquence
CH266221D CH266221A (de) 1945-02-27 1947-12-27 Impulsgenerator.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US579955A US2409897A (en) 1945-02-27 1945-02-27 High-frequency pulse generator

Publications (1)

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US2409897A true US2409897A (en) 1946-10-22

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US579955A Expired - Lifetime US2409897A (en) 1945-02-27 1945-02-27 High-frequency pulse generator

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US (1) US2409897A (it)
BE (1) BE475318A (it)
CH (1) CH266221A (it)
FR (1) FR950510A (it)
GB (1) GB607365A (it)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2509269A (en) * 1946-07-17 1950-05-30 Us Navy Pulse amplitude regulation
US2572080A (en) * 1945-10-03 1951-10-23 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Pulse width controlling relay system
US2575961A (en) * 1947-10-31 1951-11-20 Cons Vultee Aircraft Corp Variable width pulse generating system
US2596142A (en) * 1946-02-21 1952-05-13 Harry L Gerwin Signal generator
US2603752A (en) * 1945-09-14 1952-07-15 David F Winter Voltage pulse generator
US2605449A (en) * 1948-06-03 1952-07-29 George F Schrader Pulse generator
US2621263A (en) * 1946-07-09 1952-12-09 Gen Electric Pulse amplifier
US2636119A (en) * 1945-07-09 1953-04-21 Gordon D Forbes Pulse control circuit
US2674691A (en) * 1949-12-30 1954-04-06 Bendix Aviat Corp Pulse forming circuit
US2697784A (en) * 1946-03-14 1954-12-21 Richard H Blythe Linear sweep circuit
US3154693A (en) * 1961-06-05 1964-10-27 Amp Inc Power supply for magnetic core devices
US3166717A (en) * 1960-01-22 1965-01-19 Anritsu Dempa Kogyo Kabushiki Area balanced waveform generator
US3199036A (en) * 1960-08-08 1965-08-03 Alsacienne Constr Meca Circuits for generating wave trains
US3267299A (en) * 1964-03-10 1966-08-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse generator

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE518324A (it) * 1952-03-12

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2636119A (en) * 1945-07-09 1953-04-21 Gordon D Forbes Pulse control circuit
US2603752A (en) * 1945-09-14 1952-07-15 David F Winter Voltage pulse generator
US2572080A (en) * 1945-10-03 1951-10-23 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Pulse width controlling relay system
US2596142A (en) * 1946-02-21 1952-05-13 Harry L Gerwin Signal generator
US2697784A (en) * 1946-03-14 1954-12-21 Richard H Blythe Linear sweep circuit
US2621263A (en) * 1946-07-09 1952-12-09 Gen Electric Pulse amplifier
US2509269A (en) * 1946-07-17 1950-05-30 Us Navy Pulse amplitude regulation
US2575961A (en) * 1947-10-31 1951-11-20 Cons Vultee Aircraft Corp Variable width pulse generating system
US2605449A (en) * 1948-06-03 1952-07-29 George F Schrader Pulse generator
US2674691A (en) * 1949-12-30 1954-04-06 Bendix Aviat Corp Pulse forming circuit
US3166717A (en) * 1960-01-22 1965-01-19 Anritsu Dempa Kogyo Kabushiki Area balanced waveform generator
US3199036A (en) * 1960-08-08 1965-08-03 Alsacienne Constr Meca Circuits for generating wave trains
US3154693A (en) * 1961-06-05 1964-10-27 Amp Inc Power supply for magnetic core devices
US3267299A (en) * 1964-03-10 1966-08-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse generator

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Publication number Publication date
CH266221A (de) 1950-01-15
GB607365A (en) 1948-08-30
FR950510A (fr) 1949-09-29
BE475318A (it)

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