US2406841A - Secret transmission system - Google Patents

Secret transmission system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2406841A
US2406841A US458061A US45806142A US2406841A US 2406841 A US2406841 A US 2406841A US 458061 A US458061 A US 458061A US 45806142 A US45806142 A US 45806142A US 2406841 A US2406841 A US 2406841A
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Prior art keywords
signals
channel
network
speech
frequency
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US458061A
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English (en)
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Levy Maurice Moise
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STC PLC
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Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K1/00—Secret communication
    • H04K1/02—Secret communication by adding a second signal to make the desired signal unintelligible

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electric communication system in which messages are transmitted in such form as to be unintelligible to a receiver not possessing the requisite key, hereinafter called a secrecy system.
  • the present invention consists in its broadest aspect in such a system comprising means for transmitting two sets of signals, one on each of two separate channels, the first set of signals comprising the desired message in such form that the signals by themselves do not convey the message intelligibly, and the second set being by itself unintelligible, the two sets of signals on being combined being capable of yielding the desired message in intelligible form.
  • the invention is applicable to transmission both over wires and by means of electromagnetic radiation.
  • the invention need not involve any greater band width than the transmission of one of the sets of signals alone.
  • two separate sets of signals may be transmitted on a single carrier wave, one by frequency or phase modulation of the carrier wave and the other by amplitude modulation of the carrier wave, and that both sets of signals, whilst occupying the same band width may be separately received by two different processes of demodulation.
  • the two sets of signals may be transmitted, the one by frequency or phase modulation and the other by amplitude modulation of a Single carrier.
  • the invention is equivalent to transmitting an unintelligible set of signals on one channel and to transmitting on the other channel part of the key, in unintelligible form, needed to cause the first mentioned set of signals to render an intelligible message, the remainder of the key consisting in the knowledge of how to apply the second set of signals to the first.
  • This may not in all cases yield a very high degree of secrecy but may be made to do so by means of further features of the invention. This aspect of the matter may be made clearer by means of an example.
  • the noise currents before being mixed with desired signals to constitute one of the transmitted sets of signals are passed through a network which alters their amplitude and phase in a manner dependent upon frequency, the result is different from the original noise and may be called N/(p.
  • One set of signals now consists of S+N/1p and the other of N. Both are unintelligible.
  • the set of signals N still contains part of the key needed to obtain the desired signals from the set S+N/rp but the desired signals S cannot be obtained by simple subtraction of the two sets of signals.
  • the signals N must first be passed through a network at the receiver which is identical with the one used at the transmitter and the result N/(P then subtracted from the set of signals S+N/
  • the network may be of fairly simple form and yet the constitution thereof cannot be determined from either set of signals picked up by an unauthorised listener or from any combination of the two. As there is a very large number of forms that the network might take, it is highly unlikely that an unauthorised listener could find the correct form by a process of trial and error.
  • This process may be modified by using two networks, one at the transmitter and one at the receiver which are the inverse, one of the other.
  • the desired signals S may be combined with noise N and the set of signals S+N transmitted on one channel.
  • the noise N is also passed through a network of the kind mentioned above to yield a set of signals N/ g) which is transmitted on the other channel.
  • Each set of signals is by itself unintelligible and the result of subtracting one from the other is equally unintelligible. If, however, the signals N/ p are at the receiver passed through a network which is the inverse of that at the transmitter so as to restore the set of signals N/ to N, the desired signals are obtained in intelligible form by the subtraction of the set of signals N from the set of signals S+N.
  • the invention may also be applied in cases in which other means than mixture with noise is used to render speech or other signals unintelligible.
  • secrecy systems are known in which a carrier frequency is continuously varied, but in known forms of such systems elaborate synchronising systems are needed to vary in synchronism the frequencies of the carrier at the transmitter and the local oscillator of a heterodyne modulator at the receiver. These difficulties are removed by means of the present invention.
  • in verted speech may be obtained by causing the speech band to modulate a carrier frequency near the upper limit of the band andby selecting the lower side band.
  • Such inverted speech is by itself unintelligible, but it is easy to render it intelligible by recombining it with the original modulating frequency, easily found by trial if it is not known, and again selecting the lower side band with suppression ofthe carrier. If, however, the carrier frequency used to produce the-inverted speech be continuously varied in an irregular manner, it is almost impossible to obtain intelligible speech therefrom without having a local oscillator varied in synchronism with said carrier.
  • inverted speech thus produced with a continuously varied carrier is transmitted on one channel, and a mixture of the said inverted speech and the carrier used to produce it is transmitted on a second channel.
  • intelligible signals can be obtained by combining the signals received on the two channels.
  • the varying inverted speech is passed through a distorting network and a similar network is used at the receiver to obtain from the signals received on the second channel signals which may be combined with those received onthe first channel to produce intelligible speech.
  • the varying inverted speech is passed through a distorting network before being transmitted on the first channel and the received signals passed through an inverse network before being combined. with those received on the second channel.
  • the invention may be utilised to transmit the necessary synchronising signals and yet to prevent an unauthorised receiver making use of them to obtain intelligible signals.
  • the alternate speech and inverted speech is transmit ted on a first channel and is also passed through a distorting network to produce signals which are mixed with the synchronising signals transmitted on the second channel.
  • the signals received on the first channel are passed through a network identical with that at the transmitter to produce signals which are subtracted from those on the second channel to obtain the synchronising signals. These synchronising signals are then applied to control a switch to obtain the inverted speech in the intervals of inversion which can be reinverted and applied in proper order with the intervals of speech to obtain the desired speech intelligibly.
  • FIGs. 1 to, 5 are diagrams of systems according to the invention.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 are circuits which form part of the system of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 8 is one form of network used in systems according to the invention.
  • Figs. 9 and 10 are curves relating to. the network of Fig. 8, and
  • Figs. 11 and 12 show how a network which is the inverse of a given network may be obtained.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating one system according to the broadest aspect of the invention.
  • Unintelligible signals are produced by mixing noise signals N with speech S to produce signals denoted N-l-S These signals are sent from a transmitting station T on a channel I, either directl or by modulation of a carrier wave to a receiving station R.
  • the noise signals N are transmitted from station T to station R. on a second channel 2.
  • the signals N+S and N received on channels I and 2 respectively, after etection if necessary, are combined together in known manner to produce the original speech S.
  • noise signals N are transmitted on channel 2, as in the system of Fig. 1 but before being mixed with the speech S, these signals N are passed through a network which alters them in amplitude and/or phase in a manner depending upon their frequency and thus produces other signals N/go. These latter are combined with the speech S to roduce signals N/ +S which are transmitted on channel I At the receiver the signals received over channel 2 are passed through a network c which is an exact counterpart of that at the transmitter to produce signals N/(p which are thereupon com- 0 bined with the signals N/ +S received over channel I to give the original speech signals S.
  • inverted speech is produced at the transmitter but the frequency of the oscillator used is changed at th rate of a few cycles a second between limits a few hundred cycles apart.
  • the inverted speech thus formed is denoted Iw.
  • the signals Iw are sent on channel 2, either directly or as modulations of a high frequency carrier.
  • the signals Iw are mixed with the varying carrier frequency W and the mixture W-l-Iw sent over channel I either directly or as modulations of a high frequency carrier of frequency different from that of channel 2, or the high frequency carrier of channels I and 2 may be the same and channel l constituted by phase or frequency modulation and channel 2 by amplitude modulation of this carrier or vice versa.
  • the signals from channel 2 are combined with those from channel I, and the result, which is the varying carrier frequency, applied to a demodulator to which the varying frequency band of inverted speech is also applied.
  • the result is to re-invert the signals 'Iw and to cancel out the variations in frequency to yield intelligible speech S.
  • Fig. 4 shows the arrangement of Fig. 3 modified by the addition of a distorting network (,0.
  • the varying frequency inverted speech is transmitted on channel 2, but before being combined with the varying carrier W, it is passed through a distorting network p, and the combined signals W+Iw/( transmitted on channel I.
  • the signals Iw received on channel 2 must be passed through a network (p identical with that at the transmitter before the varying carrier wave W can be obtained, which latter is necessary for obtaining intelligible speech from the signals Iw.
  • the carrier frequency being outside the transmitted inverse speech frequency range, an unauthorised listener may filter it out with a convenient band-pass filter. It is preferable therefore to send on channel "I, instead of the carrier frequency itself, a sub-harmonic of the carrier frequency within the inverse speech frequency range mixed with the varying inverted speech. After separation from the varying inverted speech at the receiver, in the manner described above, this sub-harmonic may then be made to yield the required variable carrier frequency by frequency multiplication.
  • Figs. 2 and 4 may be modified by placing the network 0 in the path of the signals N or Iw before they are transmitted over the channel 2 instead of in the position shown.
  • a network is used in the position shown for (p in Fig. 2 or 4, Which is the inverse of the network at the transmitter.
  • Two networks are defined to be inverse the one of the other when a signal wave passed through both networks in series appears in unaltered form.
  • Still another system according to the invention is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 5.
  • Electronic switching means is used to connect to a transmission channel speech signals S and speech signals inverted I, the alternate signals transmitted being denoted These signals are unintelligible unless subjected to a switching means acting in synchronism with that at the transmitter.
  • synchronising signals for controlling the actuation of such switching means are denoted as s.
  • the signals received in channel 2 are passed through a dis-' torting network identical with that at the transmitter and the synchronising signals s are obtained by subtracting the result from the signals received over channel I.
  • These synchronising signals are then applied to the signals received over channel 2 to cause the speech to be reinverted during intervals corresponding to those during which it was inverted at the transmitter.
  • Fig. 6 shows an arrangement by means of which the signals of Fig. 5 may be produced.
  • the two pentode tubes V1 and V2 are connected in such a manner as to constitute a multi-vibrator.
  • a point in the anode circuit of tube V1 is connected to the screen grid of tube V3 and a corresponding point in the anode circuit of tube V2 is connected to the screen grid of tube V4.
  • Speech potentials are applied between the terminals a and c in the input circuit of tube V3 and inverted speech between the terminals b and c in the input circuit of tube V4.
  • the anodes of tubes V3 and V; are connected together.
  • the tubes V1 and V2 are conducting alternately for intervals determined by the values of the condensers C1 and C2 and the resistances R1 and R2 of the multivibrator circuit.
  • the potentials which appear at the point I and which are applied to the screen grid of tube V3 may be considered as the synchronising signals s of Fig. 5.
  • tube V3 When this point I is positive, tube V3 is conducting and passes speech signals into the common output circuit.
  • point g is positive and tube V4 is conducting and passes inverted speech to the common output circuit.
  • the signals appearing at point d are thus the signals of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. '7 shows part of the arrangements at the receiver of Fig. 5. After separation of the synchronising signals s from the signals are applied. When the synchronising signals are positive, the tube V5 is conducting and speech S appears in its output circuit. When the synchronising signals are negative, tube V6 is conducting and inverted speed I appears in its out-. put circuit.
  • Fig. 8 shows one example of a network, which can be used as the network (p shown in Figs. 2 to 5.
  • This is in the form of a low-pass filter terminated by a resistance R3 which is difierent from the characteristic impedance of the filter.
  • R3 which is difierent from the characteristic impedance of the filter.
  • the characteristic impedance is of the order of 1000 ohms.
  • Fig. 9 shows the relation between the ratio of the voltages P1 and P2 at the output and input respectively as a function of frequency
  • Fig. 10 shows the phase change produced as a function of frequency.
  • the propagation constant of the feedback amplifier is:
  • phase shift (p1 produced by the amplifier is proportional to frequency throughout the frequency range. This means that if a signal is applied to the input of the amplifier, it will appear at the output after a short time, called retardation time" and will have the same form as the applied signal.
  • retardation time a short time
  • e n means that the network having a propagation constant has a negative retardation time, i. e. the signal at the output appears a short time before the signal is applied.
  • Fig. 12 it comprises an artificial line AL producing a phaseshift equal to (p in series with a network iden tical with the feedback path of Fig. 11.
  • V1, V2, V3 he the voltages at a given frequency at terminals I, 2 and 3.
  • V1 z fi and between V2 and V3 there is the relation:
  • Secrecy system comprising separate first and second signal channels, a transmitting station, means at said transmitting station for transmitting over said first channel a first set of unintelligible signals, means for transmitting over said second channel a second set of different unintelligi'ole signals, at least one of said sets of signals containing all wave compcnents from which a desired message signal is derivable, a receiving station, means at said receiving station for combining said two sets of signals, and means for utilizing the resultant of the combined signals to derive the desired message.
  • Secrecy system comprising separate first and second signal channels, a transmitting station, means at said transmitting station for producing noise signals consisting of a random series of frequencies continually varied, means for transmitting said noise signals over said first channel, means at said transmitting station for combining said noise signals with message signals and for transmitting the combined signals over said second signal channel, a receiving station, and mean at said receiving station for combining the two sets of signals received over said two signal channels to derive the desired message.
  • Secrecy system comprising separate first and second signal channels, a transmitting station, a source of carrier frequency waves thereat, means for modulating a message signal with said carrier frequency waves to produce a band of waves in which all the signal frequencies are inverted, means for transmitting said inverted band as a first set of signals over one of said signal channels, means at said transmitting station for combining said inverted band and said carrier frequency waves to constitute a second set of signals and for transmitting said second set of signals over the other of said signal channels, a receiving station, means at said receiving station for receiving separately said two sets of signals, means for combining said two sets of signals to derive said carrier frequency wave, and means for combining said carrierfrequency wave with said inverted band to derive the message signals.
  • said source of carrier frequency waves comprises a source the frequency of which is continuously varied.
  • Secrecy system comprising separate first and second signal channels, a transmitting station having means for producing noise signals consisting of a random series of frequencies continually varied, means for transmitting said signals on the first channel as a first set of signals, a'first wave distorting network, means for passing aid noise signals through said distorting network and combining the distorted signals with message signals to produce a second set of signals, means for transmitting said second set of signals on said second channel, a, receiving station means at said receiving station for receiving separately both said sets of signals, a second wave distorting network identical with that at the transmitting station, means for passing said first set of signals through said second distorting network, and means for combining the resultant distorted signals with said second set of signals to yield the said message signals.
  • Secrecy system comprising separate first and second signal channels, a transmitting station, a source of carrier waves of varying frequency means for producing from message signals and said carrier waves a first set of signals comprising a band of signals the frequencies of which are inverted and vary continuously with respect to those of the message signals, means for transmitting said first set of signals over said first channel, a first wave distorting network, means for passing said first set of signals through said distorting network and for combining the distorted band of signals with said varying frequency carrier waves to produce a second set of signals means for transmitting the said 'second set of signals over said second channel, a receiving station means at said receiving station for receiving separately both said first and second sets of signals, a second wave distorting network identical with that at the transmitter, means for passing said first set of signals through said second distorting network, and means for combining the said distorted signals with said second set of signals to yield said message signals.
  • Secrecy system comprising separate first and second signal channels, a transmitting station having means for inverting a band of frequencies representing message signals, means for producing signals consisting in successive intervals of said message signals and inverted message signals to form a first set of signals, means for transmitting said first set of signals over said first channel, a first Wave distorting network, means for passing said signals through said distorting network, means for combining the resultant Waves with signals for synchronising said successive intervals, means for transmitting the combined signals as a second set of signals over said second channel, a receiving station, means at said receiving station for receiving separately said first and second sets of signals, second wave distorting network identical with that at the transmitter, means for passing said first set of signals through said second network, means for combining the wave with said second set of signals to obtain said synchronising signals and means for applying said synchronising signals to said first set of signals to yield the message signals.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Interconnected Communication Systems, Intercoms, And Interphones (AREA)
US458061A 1941-07-09 1942-09-11 Secret transmission system Expired - Lifetime US2406841A (en)

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GB8643/41A GB580167A (en) 1941-07-09 1941-07-09 Improvements in or relating to secret transmission systems

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US2406841A true US2406841A (en) 1946-09-03

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ES (1) ES176097A1 (me)
FR (1) FR932703A (me)
GB (1) GB580167A (me)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2466959A (en) * 1944-09-30 1949-04-12 Philco Corp Radio receiver noise discriminating circuit
US2510046A (en) * 1947-04-18 1950-05-30 Zenith Radio Corp Radio-wire signaling system
US2521690A (en) * 1945-08-14 1950-09-12 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Secrecy preserving signaling system
US2556677A (en) * 1946-05-10 1951-06-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Secret communication system
US2660666A (en) * 1950-01-05 1953-11-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Secrecy transmission system
US2953643A (en) * 1945-05-10 1960-09-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Inverted speech privacy using irregular inverting wave form
US3225142A (en) * 1961-12-18 1965-12-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Privacy system
US4176316A (en) * 1953-03-30 1979-11-27 International Telephone & Telegraph Corp. Secure single sideband communication system using modulated noise subcarrier
US4361729A (en) * 1968-01-24 1982-11-30 American Standard Inc. Narrowband analog message privacy system
US4805216A (en) * 1987-01-08 1989-02-14 Compfax Corporation Method and apparatus for continuously acknowledged link encrypting
USRE34004E (en) * 1953-03-30 1992-07-21 Itt Corporation Secure single sideband communication system using modulated noise subcarrier

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2466959A (en) * 1944-09-30 1949-04-12 Philco Corp Radio receiver noise discriminating circuit
US2953643A (en) * 1945-05-10 1960-09-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Inverted speech privacy using irregular inverting wave form
US2521690A (en) * 1945-08-14 1950-09-12 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Secrecy preserving signaling system
US2556677A (en) * 1946-05-10 1951-06-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Secret communication system
US2510046A (en) * 1947-04-18 1950-05-30 Zenith Radio Corp Radio-wire signaling system
US2660666A (en) * 1950-01-05 1953-11-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Secrecy transmission system
US4176316A (en) * 1953-03-30 1979-11-27 International Telephone & Telegraph Corp. Secure single sideband communication system using modulated noise subcarrier
USRE34004E (en) * 1953-03-30 1992-07-21 Itt Corporation Secure single sideband communication system using modulated noise subcarrier
US3225142A (en) * 1961-12-18 1965-12-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Privacy system
US4361729A (en) * 1968-01-24 1982-11-30 American Standard Inc. Narrowband analog message privacy system
US4805216A (en) * 1987-01-08 1989-02-14 Compfax Corporation Method and apparatus for continuously acknowledged link encrypting

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Publication number Publication date
ES176097A1 (es) 1947-01-16
FR932703A (fr) 1948-03-31
GB580167A (en) 1946-08-29
BE477658A (me)

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