US2406815A - Multilayer insulation - Google Patents

Multilayer insulation Download PDF

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Publication number
US2406815A
US2406815A US494013A US49401343A US2406815A US 2406815 A US2406815 A US 2406815A US 494013 A US494013 A US 494013A US 49401343 A US49401343 A US 49401343A US 2406815 A US2406815 A US 2406815A
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United States
Prior art keywords
foils
foil
heat
thickness
cellulose acetate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US494013A
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English (en)
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Elfving Thore Martin
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Individual
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
    • E04C2/322—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material with parallel corrugations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1025—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina to form undulated to corrugated sheet and securing to base with parts of shaped areas out of contact
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y10T428/24669—Aligned or parallel nonplanarities
    • Y10T428/24694—Parallel corrugations
    • Y10T428/24711—Plural corrugated components
    • Y10T428/24719—Plural corrugated components with corrugations of respective components intersecting in plane projection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24826—Spot bonds connect components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24893—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/266—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension of base or substrate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heat insulations in the form of boards composed of foils separated by air intermediate spaces.
  • the boards are made either of plane foils which by being fixed in frames or in some other way are held at a suitable distance from one another, or of corrugated foils superimposed one upon the other with the backs of the corrugations crossing one another, and preferably pasted together at the contact points.
  • the insulating power may be increased by using a relatively large number of layers, that is to say a large number of foils spaced apart by intermediate air spaces per centimetre of cross section. It is, however, to be observed that the conduction of heat from one foil to another foil increases as the distance between the foils decreases. To that must be added that an increased number of foils involves a greater quantity 40 in a direct heat conducting connection with one.
  • a thickness of 0.01-0.1 mm. for a foil material consisting of cellulose esters is less than the layer thickness required for complete absorption.
  • wave lengths between 7 and .15 microns that is to say heat radiation at the usually occurring temperatures, will not be completely absorbed unless the foil is more than 0.1 mm. thick.
  • the penetration of heat rays at a certain depth 5 in cellulose acetate foils can be established by measuring the radiation from a polished metal cylinder held at constant temperature when cellulose acetate foils of various thickness are placed on the surface of the metal cylinder.
  • the radia- 0 tion can be measured by means of a thermopile,
  • the galvanometer reading will be a measure of the radiation.
  • the appended curve sheet, Fig. 1 of the drawing shows the results of such tests when different thicknesses of cellulose acetate foils are used which cover a polished cylindrical container of brass. According to the curve the galvanometer readings increase up to a foil thickness of 0.1 mm., from which it is to be concluded that when the foil thickness is less than 0.1 mm., the metal surface underneath the foil will affect the heat radiation, which means that at the wave length in question, which in the stated tests corresponded to a temperature of 622 0., the cellulose acetate lets through rays to a depth of about 0.1 mm.
  • the curve shows that the heat radiation permeability of the cellulose acetate foils above this thickness is very small, but that the penetration strongly lincreases as the thickness of thefoils decreases.
  • the indicated test shows that a multi-layer insulation should not be built up by cellulose esillustrated by way of example on which cross one another.
  • the corrugated sheets are 3 ter foils without ascertaining that the foil thickness corresponds to what is required for total absorption. Otherwise there will be extra losses due to an exchange of radiation not only between adjacent but also between more remote layers.
  • foils may be rendered completely impermeable to heat rays portion ranging from 2 to 25 percent by weight, finely comminuted particles of a nonmetallic and substantially non-reflecting material which blocks absorbing the remaining portion of the heat rays which would pass through said thin foils, if they were clear.
  • the figure is a perspective which illustrates rather diagrammatically an insulation board of this invention.
  • the board as illustrated consists of three corrugated foils H, i2 and 13, the corrugations of The angle of crossing in the embodiment shown is 90. This angle likewise the number of cor- The upper crests or ridges of the three foils respectively are l4, l6, IS the lower ridges of troughs the crossing troughs and ridges contact each welded, cemented, or glued together in any conventional or convenient way; 1
  • the thickness of the sheets has been snown on an enlarged scale. As set forth hereinbefore the thickness is below 0.1 mm.
  • the basic material of the foil may be of any plastic, for instance of a cellulose ester such as With the basic mass very small non-metallic particles are intermingled, as indicated by 2
  • a particularly suitable material of that kind is graphite powder which can be obtained in very finely comminuted form, and the permeability of'which'to heat'rays is:
  • foils which are considerably thinner than foils of the basic mass alone of a thickness sufiicient to ensure complete impermeability to heat radiation.
  • the heat absorbing substance is intermingled with the foil substance in such a proportion that in spite of its reduced thickness the foil becomes completely impermeable to heat radiation.
  • foils made of cellulose esters alone with the same impermeability to heat radiation offer the great advantages resulting from the fact that they are considerably thinner.
  • the thickness of the foils should be as small as possible but it has proved that for practical reasons the foils should not be thinner than .0.01 mm.
  • a suitable foil thickness for manufacturing insulation boards composed of several corsufliciently elastic and solidto enable the manufacture of light and durable insulation boards. Such foils 'weigh about. 50 g./m. and ready insulation boards of such foils with an average distance between the foils of for example 6 mm. have a volume weight of about 12 to 14 kg./rn.
  • the price of the foils is practically directly proportional to the thickness, from which it is clearthat insulation boards manufactured of thicker foils become considerably more expensive and at the same time heavier.
  • the weight of the boards is of great importance, particularly when using insulating material on board boats, in railway carriages, motor-cars, aeroplanes, and so on. In those cases in which particularly light boards are desired and the solidity is of less importance it might be desirable to use foils of a thickness down to 0.01 mm.
  • the quantity of heat absorbing substance intermingled with the foil mass will depend upon the permeability, the covering property, the specific gravity and so on of the substance in question. In relation to the quantity of the total foil mass the quantity of the heat absorbing substance should not be less than 2 per cent by weight and, in general, need not amount to more than 20 per cent by Weight.
  • the foils contained about 20 g. softening mean's as examples of such means may [be mentioned tricresyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphateand thus the percentage of graphite powder in the foils amounts to about 13 per cent by Weight.
  • the weight of the foils is about 50 g./m. it is, thus, clear that a content of 6.5 g. graphite per m? foils of the above mentioned thickness was suflicient to obtain the observed improvement of the insulating effect.
  • the proportion of graphite should preferably amount to about. 25 percent, While in foil thickness of about 0.07 to 0.1 mm. a proportion of 5 to 10 per cent of graphite is sufficient.
  • the used filling material should be extraordinarily finely comminuted not only, in order to obtain a complete covering effect but also for making possible the production of such foils for instance in casting machine's.
  • the substance to be admixed with the basic mass should be in an extremely fine divided form, for example finely ground in a ball mill while being stirred in a suitable softening agent, for instance, tricresyl phosphate.
  • a suitable softening agent for instance, tricresyl phosphate.
  • Salts in a finely divided form may also be contained in the basic mas in order to increase the heat absorption and at the same time reduce the combustibility.
  • Such salts are, for instance boric acid, sodium biborate, ammonium sulphate, antimony salts, calcium sulphate, cerium oxalate, aluminium fluoride, aluminium phosphate, calcium tartrate, magnesium tartrate and magnesium nitrate.
  • Substances of a high absorbing power which are soluble in acetone or other solvents for the cellulose esters in question, are particularly suitable admixing materials.
  • Heat insulation comprising a plurality of sheets of insulating material arranged to provide air space therebetween, said sheets comprising as a base material a cellulose ester in the form of foil having a thickness not exceeding approximately 0.1 mm, said foil including a non-metallic substantially non-reflecting heat absorbing agent in finely divided particle form in an amount not exceeding by weight approximately 25% of the Weight of the foil.
  • Heat insulation comprising a plurality of sheets of insulating material arranged to provide air spaces therebetween, said sheets comprising as a base material a cellulose ester in the form of foil having a thickness not exceeding approximately 0.1 mm. and including graphite in finely divided particle form in an amount not exceeding by weight approximately 25% of the Weight of the foil.
  • Heat insulation comprising a plurality of sheets of insulating material arranged to provide air space therebetween, said sheets comprising as a base material a cellulose acetate in the form of foil having a thickness of approximately 0.04 mm. and including graphite in finely divided particle form in an amount not exceeding by weight approximately 25% of the weight of the foil.
  • a heat insulating board consisting of a plurality of superposed corrugated sheets of insulating material arranged to provide air spaces therebetween, the height of said corrugations providing an average distance between adjacent sheets of approximately 6 mm., said sheets comprising as a base material cellulose acetate in the form of foil having a thickness of approximately 0.04 mm.
  • Heat insulation comprising a plurality of sheets of insulating material arranged to provide air spaces therebetween, said sheets comprising as a base material cellulose acetate in the form of foil having a thickness of approximately 0.04 mm. and including graphite in finely divided particle form in the amount of approximately 13% by weight of the weight of the foil.
  • An insulating board comprising a plurality '8 of corrugated sheets superposed directly one upon another and with the corrugations of adjacent sheets extending in different directions, the height of said corrugations providing an average distance 5 between adjacent sheets of approximately 6 mm., said sheets each comprising as a base material cellulose acetate having a thickness of approximately 0.04 mm. and including graphite in finely divided particle form in an amount by weight of 10 approximately 13% of the weight of the sheet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US494013A 1938-01-10 1943-07-09 Multilayer insulation Expired - Lifetime US2406815A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE2406815X 1938-01-10

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BE (1) BE483700A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2644778A (en) * 1950-01-07 1953-07-07 Jr Frank J Russell Metal foil matrix
US2746892A (en) * 1952-11-04 1956-05-22 Isoflex Corp Multi-layer heat insulating material
US2789322A (en) * 1949-01-28 1957-04-23 Johns Manville Refrigerator floor insulation
US3583122A (en) * 1969-12-08 1971-06-08 Norman P Biegajski Repair patch for wallboards
US3646721A (en) * 1968-05-22 1972-03-07 Otto Alfred Becker Wall units with insulation
US3661721A (en) * 1971-02-05 1972-05-09 Pactide Corp Compact multistage distillation apparatus having stacked microporous membranes and impermeable films
US3834096A (en) * 1968-05-22 1974-09-10 O Becker Insulating wall unit
US3972763A (en) * 1974-06-10 1976-08-03 Weyerhaeuser Company Method of laminating planar and corrugated surface defining layers of sheet material
US3990202A (en) * 1968-05-22 1976-11-09 Otto Alfred Becker Insulating wall unit
USRE29804E (en) * 1968-05-22 1978-10-17 Insulating wall unit
US4232093A (en) * 1973-10-29 1980-11-04 Summa Corporation High temperature skin construction
US4278721A (en) * 1979-08-23 1981-07-14 Princeton Polymer Thermal barrier
US4678115A (en) * 1985-04-15 1987-07-07 Ontario Technologies Corporation Method for making layered foil structure
US4904327A (en) * 1986-03-12 1990-02-27 The Dow Chemical Company Method of making a support for tubesheets in hollow fiber permeators
US5763857A (en) * 1994-06-27 1998-06-09 Bosch-Siemens Hausgeraete Gmbh Heating home appliance
US20100068471A1 (en) * 2008-09-15 2010-03-18 Thin Thermal Barriers Limited Thermal resistor material
US20100313515A1 (en) * 2007-11-03 2010-12-16 Lothar Betz Composite cellulose element
US20120040134A1 (en) * 2005-01-07 2012-02-16 Ole-Bendt Rasmussen Laminate of thermoplastic film materials exhibiting throughgoing porosity

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2789322A (en) * 1949-01-28 1957-04-23 Johns Manville Refrigerator floor insulation
US2644778A (en) * 1950-01-07 1953-07-07 Jr Frank J Russell Metal foil matrix
US2746892A (en) * 1952-11-04 1956-05-22 Isoflex Corp Multi-layer heat insulating material
USRE29804E (en) * 1968-05-22 1978-10-17 Insulating wall unit
US3646721A (en) * 1968-05-22 1972-03-07 Otto Alfred Becker Wall units with insulation
US3834096A (en) * 1968-05-22 1974-09-10 O Becker Insulating wall unit
US3990202A (en) * 1968-05-22 1976-11-09 Otto Alfred Becker Insulating wall unit
US3583122A (en) * 1969-12-08 1971-06-08 Norman P Biegajski Repair patch for wallboards
US3661721A (en) * 1971-02-05 1972-05-09 Pactide Corp Compact multistage distillation apparatus having stacked microporous membranes and impermeable films
US4232093A (en) * 1973-10-29 1980-11-04 Summa Corporation High temperature skin construction
US3972763A (en) * 1974-06-10 1976-08-03 Weyerhaeuser Company Method of laminating planar and corrugated surface defining layers of sheet material
US4278721A (en) * 1979-08-23 1981-07-14 Princeton Polymer Thermal barrier
US4678115A (en) * 1985-04-15 1987-07-07 Ontario Technologies Corporation Method for making layered foil structure
US4904327A (en) * 1986-03-12 1990-02-27 The Dow Chemical Company Method of making a support for tubesheets in hollow fiber permeators
US5763857A (en) * 1994-06-27 1998-06-09 Bosch-Siemens Hausgeraete Gmbh Heating home appliance
US20120040134A1 (en) * 2005-01-07 2012-02-16 Ole-Bendt Rasmussen Laminate of thermoplastic film materials exhibiting throughgoing porosity
US8795810B2 (en) * 2005-01-07 2014-08-05 Ole-Bendt Rasmussen Laminate of thermoplastic film materials exhibiting throughgoing porosity
US20100313515A1 (en) * 2007-11-03 2010-12-16 Lothar Betz Composite cellulose element
US20100068471A1 (en) * 2008-09-15 2010-03-18 Thin Thermal Barriers Limited Thermal resistor material
JP2012503149A (ja) * 2008-09-15 2012-02-02 シン サーマル バリアズ リミテッド 熱抵抗材料

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