US2405152A - Packing for cylindrical parts - Google Patents

Packing for cylindrical parts Download PDF

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Publication number
US2405152A
US2405152A US536111A US53611144A US2405152A US 2405152 A US2405152 A US 2405152A US 536111 A US536111 A US 536111A US 53611144 A US53611144 A US 53611144A US 2405152 A US2405152 A US 2405152A
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United States
Prior art keywords
packing
apron
ring
cylindrical
liner
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US536111A
Inventor
Kilchenmann Walter
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Sulzer AG
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Sulzer AG
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Publication date
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Priority to US536111A priority Critical patent/US2405152A/en
Priority to FR904881D priority patent/FR904881A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/02—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means
    • F02F1/10—Cylinders; Cylinder heads  having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F1/16—Cylinder liners of wet type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/08—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing
    • F16J15/0887—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing the sealing effect being obtained by elastic deformation of the packing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F11/00—Arrangements of sealings in combustion engines 
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S285/00—Pipe joints or couplings
    • Y10S285/917—Metallic seals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a packing between two cylindrical parts which remain for the most part at rest relatively to each other, particularly in the axial direction, and is specially intended for use between the liner and jacket of internal combustion engine cylinders.
  • the purpose of the packing is, when both parts are displaced transversely to the axis or when the circular form of the sealing surface undergoes any change, to eliminate any reaction of the first on the second of the two parts.
  • the invention obviates this disadvantage by providing the packing not only with a metal sealing ring, which is held against the sealing surface of one part by means of the pressure produced as a result of elastic deformation when the packing is inserted, but also with an apron flexibly connecting the ring to the other part, which apron extends in the main in the direction of the cylinder axis.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show longitudinal and cross sections of a known metallic packing.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the curve of deformation of a cylinder subjected to pressure at the free end.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 show the design proposed in the invention in longitudinal and cross section.
  • Figs. 6-8 are means for fixing the packing on the cylinder of an internal combustion engine.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the tapered design of the sealing surface.
  • Fig. 10 shows the design of a double apron.
  • the cylindrical part I in Fig. 1 lies in its cold state concentric with the cylindrical part 2.
  • the space 3 between the two is sealed by the known type of packing 4. If in service the inner wall 5 of the part I on the left-hand side of Fig. 1 is displaced inwards relatively to the axis 8, for instance through heating, and arrives in the position 5, a pressure P is exerted on the packing 4, and this has the result that the packing 4 takes on the form 4' at the place in question. Consequently the part 2 is pushed inwards and comes into the position 2', that is to say, its cross-section loses its circular form in the left part.
  • These displacements are shown in the figures on a very exaggerated scale.
  • the part 2 represents a cylinder for a reciprocating piston, at the point in question the play for the piston is decreased and the latter may in some circumstances seize up. If the part 2 is a bearing for a shaft, the seizing-up of the shaft may likewise take place.
  • Fig. 3 shows how a cylinder 9, which is subjected at its free end A to a pressure P1 acting upon a part or the whole circumference, is crushed out of shape.
  • the deformation on at the end has the result that inside the cylinder jacket bending moments present themselves which cause a bulging of the generating lines of the cylinder towards the inside and outside. This bulging smooths out quickly until it comes back to the original cylindrical form at the point B.
  • the length L of this zone of influence depends on the diameter D of the cylinder 9 among other things. For cylinders with thin walls the length L might amount to 0.1 D.
  • the packing IO therefore consists of a ring H, which presses elastically against the part I and provides metallic sealing, and an apron I2 which connects the ring H with the part 2 and which extends in the main in the direction of the cylinder axis 8.
  • the length L of the apron must correspond to at least one tenth of its diameter D. If new the part I on the left-hand side of Figs. 4 and 5 is deformed and the inner surface I comes into the position 1', the form of the part 2 is nevertheless not impaired.
  • the part 2 not only remains cylindrical but also retains its position relative to the axis 8, so that neither a piston working in the cylinder 2 nor a shaft supported in it is in danger of seizing.
  • Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section of th cylinder of an internal combustion engine with a jacket I5 and a liner I 6 which is provided with ports l1, these ports being connected to the branch l8 for admission or exhaust.
  • a cooling-space I9 is provided, which is sealed by the packings 20, 2
  • with the packing rings 23 and the aprons 24 are attached to the liner l6 and press against the jacket I5.
  • the packing ring 25 of the packing 22 is fixed to the jacket l by means of the apron 26 and lies With a metallic sealing effect against the liner l6.
  • FIG. 8 shows a packing 35 with a ring 36, an apron 31 and a flange 38, which last is pushed over the tapered surface into the groove 39 in the cylindrical part 2.
  • the sealing surface 43 of the packing ring 44 is of a tapered design which is such that, when the packing is inserted, the ring it; lies against the part I along its whole height.
  • such a packing may also be arranged between the walls of two vessels.
  • the inner cylinder 45 of any vessel is surrounded by the part 56, which has an apron 41 with the packing ring 48 and also a double apron 49 with the packing ring 50. shrunk on to the inner cylinder 45 both at its end 5! and at its end 52.
  • the packing rings 48 and 5a then press elastically against the outer jacket 53 and provide metallic sealing.
  • a packing for use in an annular space between inner and outer cylindrical parts, the improvement which comprises a ring on the packing having a surface which bears against one of the cylindrical parts in the annular space and an annular apron integral with the ring, means connecting said apron to the other of said cylindrical parts, said apron extending in the longitudlnal direction of the cylindrical parts, being spaced inwardly from the inner opposite surfaces of the cylindrical parts and being of such length that the bearing surface of the ring is longitudinally spaced. from the said means, whereby the apron is free to yield under the pressure exerted by one of the cylindrical parts.
  • the double apron 49 is 2.
  • a packing according to claim 1 which comprises an apron having a length between its ring and the means connecting the apron to the other of said cylindrical parts which is at least Te of its interior diameter.
  • a packing according to claim 1 which comprises a ring having an inclined bearing surface which, when the packing is inserted in the annular space, the surface lies fiat against the cylindrical surface along its entire longitudinal length.
  • a packing according to claim 1 which comprises a flange integral with the apron, said flange being of such diameter that it is shrunk onto and securely attached to one of the cylinders.
  • a packing according to claim 1 which comprises an apron integral with one of the cylinder parts, the ring bearing against the other cylindrical part.
  • a packing according to claim 1 which comprises an annular groove in the exterior surface of one of the cylindrical parts, an outwardly projecting and tapered surface on the cylindrical part longitudinally spaced from the groove, said packing having a flange longitudinally spaced from the ring arranged to fit into the groove after the flange is expanded on being pushed longitudinally over the tapered surface until it assumes a position inside the groove.
  • a packing for the space between the jacket and cylindrical liner of an internal combustion engine which comprises a ring which bears against a cylindrical surface of the jacket, an apron for the packing integral with the ring and extending an appreciable distance in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder liner, and means longitudinally spaced from the ring securely connecting the apron to the cylinder liner.
  • a packing for the space between the jacket and cylindrical liner of an internal combustion engine which comprises a ring bearing against the exterior cylindrical surface of the cylinder liner, an apron integral with the ring, means securely attaching the apron to an exterior cylindrical surface of the jacket, said apron being spaced inwardly and out of bearing contact with the adjacent cylindrical surfaces of the jacket and cylinder liner and extending such a distance in the longitudinal direction of the axis of the cylinder liner as to provide such flexibility that pressure exerted on the ring does not deform the cylindrical liner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Description

Aug. 6, 1946. w. KILCHENMANN PACKING FOR CYLINDRICAL PARTS Filed May 18, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet l 1 ENVENTOR WA L 75;? ff/L CHE/VM/M/N Aug. 6, 1946. w. KILCHENMANN PACKING FOR CYLINDRICAL PARTS Filed May 18, 1944 5 Sheets-*Shee't, 2
HNVENTQR ATTORNEYS Aug. 6, 1946. w. KILCHENMANN PACKING FOR CYLINDRICAL PARTS EAGSJSZ 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed May 18, 1944 mm TE 6 4 3 R W V W w m2 \\9JR, M/J w v j j w. I 3 w m w x W M ATTORNEYS Patented Aug. 6, 1946' PACKING FOR CYLINDRICAL PARTS Walter Kilchenmann, Winterthur, Switzerland, assignor to Sulzer Frres, Socit Anonyme,
Wintcrthur, Switzerland Application May 18, 1944, Serial No. 536,111
8 Claims. 1
The invention relates to a packing between two cylindrical parts which remain for the most part at rest relatively to each other, particularly in the axial direction, and is specially intended for use between the liner and jacket of internal combustion engine cylinders. The purpose of the packing is, when both parts are displaced transversely to the axis or when the circular form of the sealing surface undergoes any change, to eliminate any reaction of the first on the second of the two parts.
It is known in internal combustion engines to use rubber packings between the liner and jacket for sealing the cooling-spaces. These rubber packings are often arranged in grooves in the liner, a play being provided in case of expansion from heat or of displacements between the jacket and liner, and this play being sealed by the rubber so that no metallic contact between the two parts takes place.
In order to eliminate the disadvantages of rubber packings, metallic packings have already been proposed. In the use of known packings of this type between the liner and jacket of internal combustion engines, the metallic sealing part is connected at its root direct to the liner. This has the disadvantage that, when the jacket i deformed under the influence of heating during service, the connection causes a reaction on the liner in that the liner is also deformed at this point and loses its circular form.
The invention obviates this disadvantage by providing the packing not only with a metal sealing ring, which is held against the sealing surface of one part by means of the pressure produced as a result of elastic deformation when the packing is inserted, but also with an apron flexibly connecting the ring to the other part, which apron extends in the main in the direction of the cylinder axis.
In the drawings several exemplifications of the invention are shown and compared with known packings.
Figs. 1 and 2 show longitudinal and cross sections of a known metallic packing.
Fig. 3 illustrates the curve of deformation of a cylinder subjected to pressure at the free end.
Figs. 4 and 5 show the design proposed in the invention in longitudinal and cross section.
Figs. 6-8 are means for fixing the packing on the cylinder of an internal combustion engine.
Fig. 9 illustrates the tapered design of the sealing surface.
Fig. 10 shows the design of a double apron.
The cylindrical part I in Fig. 1 lies in its cold state concentric with the cylindrical part 2. The space 3 between the two is sealed by the known type of packing 4. If in service the inner wall 5 of the part I on the left-hand side of Fig. 1 is displaced inwards relatively to the axis 8, for instance through heating, and arrives in the position 5, a pressure P is exerted on the packing 4, and this has the result that the packing 4 takes on the form 4' at the place in question. Consequently the part 2 is pushed inwards and comes into the position 2', that is to say, its cross-section loses its circular form in the left part. These displacements are shown in the figures on a very exaggerated scale.
If the part 2 represents a cylinder for a reciprocating piston, at the point in question the play for the piston is decreased and the latter may in some circumstances seize up. If the part 2 is a bearing for a shaft, the seizing-up of the shaft may likewise take place.
Fig. 3 shows how a cylinder 9, which is subjected at its free end A to a pressure P1 acting upon a part or the whole circumference, is crushed out of shape. The deformation on at the end has the result that inside the cylinder jacket bending moments present themselves which cause a bulging of the generating lines of the cylinder towards the inside and outside. This bulging smooths out quickly until it comes back to the original cylindrical form at the point B.
The length L of this zone of influence depends on the diameter D of the cylinder 9 among other things. For cylinders with thin walls the length L might amount to 0.1 D. In Figs. 4 and 5 the packing IO therefore consists of a ring H, which presses elastically against the part I and provides metallic sealing, and an apron I2 which connects the ring H with the part 2 and which extends in the main in the direction of the cylinder axis 8. The length L of the apron must correspond to at least one tenth of its diameter D. If new the part I on the left-hand side of Figs. 4 and 5 is deformed and the inner surface I comes into the position 1', the form of the part 2 is nevertheless not impaired. The part 2 not only remains cylindrical but also retains its position relative to the axis 8, so that neither a piston working in the cylinder 2 nor a shaft supported in it is in danger of seizing.
Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal section of th cylinder of an internal combustion engine with a jacket I5 and a liner I 6 which is provided with ports l1, these ports being connected to the branch l8 for admission or exhaust. Between the jacket l5 and the liner IS a cooling-space I9 is provided, which is sealed by the packings 20, 2| and 22. The packings 2D and 2| with the packing rings 23 and the aprons 24 are attached to the liner l6 and press against the jacket I5. On the other hand, the packing ring 25 of the packing 22 is fixed to the jacket l by means of the apron 26 and lies With a metallic sealing effect against the liner l6.
In Fig. '7 the packing 33 with the ring and the apron 32 is shrunk on to the part 2 by means of the flange 33, in order to make it possible to replace the packing sfl without renewing the part 2. In Fig. 6 the liner [6 would have to be replaced if the packings 20 and 2| should be fractured, while the jacket 15 would have to be renewed if the packing 22 should be broken.
Instead of the shrinking-on of the packing, Fig. 8 shows a packing 35 with a ring 36, an apron 31 and a flange 38, which last is pushed over the tapered surface into the groove 39 in the cylindrical part 2. When the packing 35 is ushed upwards on the cylinder 2, the surface 49 elasticaliy deforms the flange 38, The packing 35 is then secured against displacement by the stop 42.
In Fig. 9 the sealing surface 43 of the packing ring 44 is of a tapered design which is such that, when the packing is inserted, the ring it; lies against the part I along its whole height.
Instead of being arranged between two machine parts, such a packing may also be arranged between the walls of two vessels. In Fig. 10 the inner cylinder 45 of any vessel is surrounded by the part 56, which has an apron 41 with the packing ring 48 and also a double apron 49 with the packing ring 50. shrunk on to the inner cylinder 45 both at its end 5! and at its end 52. The packing rings 48 and 5a then press elastically against the outer jacket 53 and provide metallic sealing.
I claim:
1. In a packing for use in an annular space between inner and outer cylindrical parts, the improvement which comprises a ring on the packing having a surface which bears against one of the cylindrical parts in the annular space and an annular apron integral with the ring, means connecting said apron to the other of said cylindrical parts, said apron extending in the longitudlnal direction of the cylindrical parts, being spaced inwardly from the inner opposite surfaces of the cylindrical parts and being of such length that the bearing surface of the ring is longitudinally spaced. from the said means, whereby the apron is free to yield under the pressure exerted by one of the cylindrical parts.
The double apron 49 is 2. A packing according to claim 1 which comprises an apron having a length between its ring and the means connecting the apron to the other of said cylindrical parts which is at least Te of its interior diameter.
3. A packing according to claim 1 which comprises a ring having an inclined bearing surface which, when the packing is inserted in the annular space, the surface lies fiat against the cylindrical surface along its entire longitudinal length.
4. A packing according to claim 1 which comprises a flange integral with the apron, said flange being of such diameter that it is shrunk onto and securely attached to one of the cylinders.
5. A packing according to claim 1 which comprises an apron integral with one of the cylinder parts, the ring bearing against the other cylindrical part.
6. A packing according to claim 1 which comprises an annular groove in the exterior surface of one of the cylindrical parts, an outwardly projecting and tapered surface on the cylindrical part longitudinally spaced from the groove, said packing having a flange longitudinally spaced from the ring arranged to fit into the groove after the flange is expanded on being pushed longitudinally over the tapered surface until it assumes a position inside the groove.
'7. A packing for the space between the jacket and cylindrical liner of an internal combustion engine which comprises a ring which bears against a cylindrical surface of the jacket, an apron for the packing integral with the ring and extending an appreciable distance in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder liner, and means longitudinally spaced from the ring securely connecting the apron to the cylinder liner.
8. A packing for the space between the jacket and cylindrical liner of an internal combustion engine which comprises a ring bearing against the exterior cylindrical surface of the cylinder liner, an apron integral with the ring, means securely attaching the apron to an exterior cylindrical surface of the jacket, said apron being spaced inwardly and out of bearing contact with the adjacent cylindrical surfaces of the jacket and cylinder liner and extending such a distance in the longitudinal direction of the axis of the cylinder liner as to provide such flexibility that pressure exerted on the ring does not deform the cylindrical liner.
WALTER KILCHENMANN.
US536111A 1943-02-20 1944-05-18 Packing for cylindrical parts Expired - Lifetime US2405152A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US536111A US2405152A (en) 1943-02-20 1944-05-18 Packing for cylindrical parts
FR904881D FR904881A (en) 1943-02-20 1944-06-05 Joint between cylindrical surfaces

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CH904881X 1943-02-20
US536111A US2405152A (en) 1943-02-20 1944-05-18 Packing for cylindrical parts

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2572392A (en) * 1947-04-23 1951-10-23 Caterpillar Tractor Co Engine cooling, cylinder jacket, and head construction
US2583974A (en) * 1943-08-14 1952-01-29 Caleb E Summers Fuel pump cylinder and piston
US3272521A (en) * 1965-03-04 1966-09-13 Patrick J S Mcnenny Fluid seal
US3340774A (en) * 1965-07-13 1967-09-12 Arthur M Brenneke Combination cylinder sleeve or liner and combustion chamber seal
US3373998A (en) * 1965-10-14 1968-03-19 Goodrich Co B F Diaphragm seal with a tubular extension carrying the sealing edge
US4071268A (en) * 1976-05-28 1978-01-31 Pressure Science Incorporated Pressure compensated slide joint
US4471965A (en) * 1982-05-05 1984-09-18 Fmc Corporation High-pressure fire-resistant metal seal
US4569539A (en) * 1982-12-17 1986-02-11 Ga Technologies Inc. Pipe joint
US4576401A (en) * 1976-05-03 1986-03-18 Team, Inc. Leak repair clamp
US4597596A (en) * 1984-11-07 1986-07-01 Heat Transfer Technology Limited Cylinder end seal
US4641841A (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-02-10 Hughes Tool Company Metal seal for a tubular connection
GB2180903A (en) * 1985-09-23 1987-04-08 Vetco Offshore Ind Inc Bi-directional metal-to-metal seal
US4691591A (en) * 1985-02-20 1987-09-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Riken Rod seal device for stirling engines
US4694707A (en) * 1985-02-20 1987-09-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Riken Rod seal device for stirling engines
US4709725A (en) * 1987-02-17 1987-12-01 Vetco Gray, Inc. Metal-to-metal seal structure
US4709931A (en) * 1985-06-13 1987-12-01 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Seal for dampers on motor vehicles
US4743033A (en) * 1985-12-16 1988-05-10 Baker Oil Tools, Inc. Dynamic seal assembly for piston and cylinder operating in subterranean wells
US4771828A (en) * 1987-04-30 1988-09-20 Cameron Iron Works, Usa, Inc. Wellhead seals
US5951019A (en) * 1996-09-05 1999-09-14 Centre For Engineering Research Inc. Method of forming a metal-to-metal seal in high pressure applications with low contact stress

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19505401C1 (en) * 1995-02-17 1996-04-04 Ws Waermeprozestechnik Gmbh Ceramic jet pipe for industrial furnace

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2583974A (en) * 1943-08-14 1952-01-29 Caleb E Summers Fuel pump cylinder and piston
US2572392A (en) * 1947-04-23 1951-10-23 Caterpillar Tractor Co Engine cooling, cylinder jacket, and head construction
US3272521A (en) * 1965-03-04 1966-09-13 Patrick J S Mcnenny Fluid seal
US3340774A (en) * 1965-07-13 1967-09-12 Arthur M Brenneke Combination cylinder sleeve or liner and combustion chamber seal
US3373998A (en) * 1965-10-14 1968-03-19 Goodrich Co B F Diaphragm seal with a tubular extension carrying the sealing edge
US4576401A (en) * 1976-05-03 1986-03-18 Team, Inc. Leak repair clamp
US4071268A (en) * 1976-05-28 1978-01-31 Pressure Science Incorporated Pressure compensated slide joint
US4471965A (en) * 1982-05-05 1984-09-18 Fmc Corporation High-pressure fire-resistant metal seal
US4569539A (en) * 1982-12-17 1986-02-11 Ga Technologies Inc. Pipe joint
US4597596A (en) * 1984-11-07 1986-07-01 Heat Transfer Technology Limited Cylinder end seal
US4691591A (en) * 1985-02-20 1987-09-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Riken Rod seal device for stirling engines
US4694707A (en) * 1985-02-20 1987-09-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Riken Rod seal device for stirling engines
US4709931A (en) * 1985-06-13 1987-12-01 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Seal for dampers on motor vehicles
US4641841A (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-02-10 Hughes Tool Company Metal seal for a tubular connection
GB2180903A (en) * 1985-09-23 1987-04-08 Vetco Offshore Ind Inc Bi-directional metal-to-metal seal
GB2180903B (en) * 1985-09-23 1989-09-13 Vetco Offshore Ind Inc Bi-directional metal-to-metal seal
US4743033A (en) * 1985-12-16 1988-05-10 Baker Oil Tools, Inc. Dynamic seal assembly for piston and cylinder operating in subterranean wells
US4709725A (en) * 1987-02-17 1987-12-01 Vetco Gray, Inc. Metal-to-metal seal structure
US4771828A (en) * 1987-04-30 1988-09-20 Cameron Iron Works, Usa, Inc. Wellhead seals
US5951019A (en) * 1996-09-05 1999-09-14 Centre For Engineering Research Inc. Method of forming a metal-to-metal seal in high pressure applications with low contact stress
US6145846A (en) * 1996-09-05 2000-11-14 Centre For Engineering Research Inc. Metal-to-metal seal in high pressure applications with low contact stress

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR904881A (en) 1945-11-19

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