US2404665A - Methods of hardening and tanning of artificial fibers made of protein - Google Patents
Methods of hardening and tanning of artificial fibers made of protein Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2404665A US2404665A US479142A US47914243A US2404665A US 2404665 A US2404665 A US 2404665A US 479142 A US479142 A US 479142A US 47914243 A US47914243 A US 47914243A US 2404665 A US2404665 A US 2404665A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hardening
- fibers
- threads
- condition
- wet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 title description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 26
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 12
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J chrome alum Chemical compound [K]OS(=O)(=O)O[Cr]1OS(=O)(=O)O1 OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002925 chemical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071162 caseinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F4/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of proteins; Manufacture thereof
Definitions
- casein have moderate physical properties such as for example a very small strength in wet condition, due to swelling in water.
- chromium or other metal salts.
- Further methods are of physical nature such as stretching and elongating methods which result in bringing about a higher order of conditioning of the particles of the fiber.
- this treatment produces only a very small permanent elongation and a correspondingly small increase of the strength in wet and in dry condition.
- the same fiber having been pre liminarily hardened with formaldehyde and elongated in wet state into double length and then tanned with chromium salt in elongated condition, shrinks on the cessation of the tension hardly any, while the strength in wet and in dry state is almost twice as great as before.
- the three method steps namely, the first chemical condensing, the mechanical elongation, and
- the second chemical condensing can be carried out at different temperatures. Particularly, it is advisable to carry out the elongating at elevated temperature in connection with which the working can be considerably expedited and consequently also be rendered continual.
- the succession of the chemical condensing operations can be chosen at will.
- the first operation may consist in a treatment with organic substances, such as aldehydes, chinone etc., the
- second operation may consist in tanning with metal salts or vice versa.
- Example 1 Fibers dry-spun from slightly alkaline caseinate are exhaustively hardened with formaldehyde vapor. For eliminating the alkali the fibers are dipped in diluted acid for a short time at room temperature. Thereupon the acid is washed out. The fibers are gathered into bundles in parallel relation and the latter are then slowly elongated in wet condition into double length at room temperature. The elongated bundles are submersed during four days, at a temperature of 20, in a bath containing g. of chrome alum and 10.6 g. of calcined soda per litre. The bundles are then washed and dried.
- Example 2 A cord of long fibres having been hardened with formaldehyde is continuously unwound from a spool at a velocity of 1 in. per min. and simultaneously wound on a second spool at a velocity of 2 in. per min. The cord of long fibers is thus elongated into double length between the two spools.
- the fibre is passed through a bath of water of 40 and subsequently introduced in a bath consisting in a chrome alum and calcined soda solution of the same composition as specified in Example 1.
- This bath moistens the fiber prior to being rolled up by the second spool, whereby the penetration of the chrome bath into the fiber is facilitated when the full spool is submersed in said bath.
- the chrome solution is maintained at a temperature of 40.
- the elongation is effected by the two spools along a path of travel of about 6 m.
- the full spools are submersed in said chrome bath for two days, whereupon the threads are washed and dried.
- the method of increasing the wet and dry strength of artificial threads made from casein which comprises dry-spinning artificial fibers from an alkaline casein mass, hardening the fibers by treatment with gaseous formaldehyde while the fibers are alkaline, freeing said fibers of alkali by treating them with dilute acid, stretching the threads while they are in wet condition to approximately double their length, treatwhile they are still in alkaline condition by treating them with formaldehyde in gaseous form, removing the alkali from the threads by treating them with dilute acid, stretching the threads While they are wet, and while they are still in wet stretched condition treating them with a solu-' tion of chrome alum to maintain them elongated, and then washing and drying the threads.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE233153X | 1942-01-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2404665A true US2404665A (en) | 1946-07-23 |
Family
ID=5884627
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US479142A Expired - Lifetime US2404665A (en) | 1942-01-15 | 1943-03-13 | Methods of hardening and tanning of artificial fibers made of protein |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2404665A (en(2012)) |
| BE (1) | BE448748A (en(2012)) |
| CH (1) | CH233153A (en(2012)) |
| FR (1) | FR890153A (en(2012)) |
| GB (1) | GB570572A (en(2012)) |
| NL (1) | NL58506C (en(2012)) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2475697A (en) * | 1946-04-19 | 1949-07-12 | American Cyanamid Co | Treatment of collagen strands |
| US2521738A (en) * | 1944-06-15 | 1950-09-12 | Thomas L Mcmeekin | Process for the production of artificial bristles and the like from proteins |
-
0
- BE BE448748D patent/BE448748A/xx unknown
- NL NL58506D patent/NL58506C/xx active
-
1942
- 1942-12-14 CH CH233153D patent/CH233153A/de unknown
-
1943
- 1943-01-15 FR FR890153D patent/FR890153A/fr not_active Expired
- 1943-03-13 US US479142A patent/US2404665A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1943-03-17 GB GB4365/43A patent/GB570572A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2521738A (en) * | 1944-06-15 | 1950-09-12 | Thomas L Mcmeekin | Process for the production of artificial bristles and the like from proteins |
| US2475697A (en) * | 1946-04-19 | 1949-07-12 | American Cyanamid Co | Treatment of collagen strands |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL58506C (en(2012)) | |
| CH233153A (de) | 1944-07-15 |
| BE448748A (en(2012)) | |
| FR890153A (fr) | 1944-01-31 |
| GB570572A (en) | 1945-07-12 |
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