US2397924A - Photographic fixing process and compositions - Google Patents

Photographic fixing process and compositions Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2397924A
US2397924A US505530A US50553043A US2397924A US 2397924 A US2397924 A US 2397924A US 505530 A US505530 A US 505530A US 50553043 A US50553043 A US 50553043A US 2397924 A US2397924 A US 2397924A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
fixing
water
alcohol
gelatin
compositions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US505530A
Inventor
John I Crabtree
George T Eaton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US505530A priority Critical patent/US2397924A/en
Priority to GB11097/44A priority patent/GB586729A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2397924A publication Critical patent/US2397924A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/38—Fixing; Developing-fixing; Hardening-fixing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improved photographic procedure for the treatment of non-gelatin emulsion photographic elements and in particular to improved procedure for fixing such photographic elements.
  • the invention also pertains to improved fixing compositions for such photographic elements.
  • This invention has for its object to provide improved procedure for the fixing of photo raphic elements bearing a non-gelatin emulsion. Another object is to provide. improved fixing compositions which permit rapid fixing of non-gelatin emulsions, and especially those which have limited-permeability to water or to the usual fixing baths. Other objects are to improve the state of the art.
  • our invention includes immersing a photographic element, which comprises a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver halide photographic image, in a bath whichcontains a lower molecular weight aliphatic alcohol and a member of the group consisting of thiourea and water soluble thiocyanates as the essential fixin constituents.
  • nate may be used but we prefer to use inorganic thiocyanates.
  • the alcohol-thiourea mixtures preferably contain between approximately 1 and 8 grams-of thiourea in 100 cc.. of water-alcohol solution.
  • the percentage by volume of alcohol iii the water-alcohol solution may vary from 1 to 10%.
  • the alcohol-thiocyanate mixtures preferably contain between approximately 25 and 100 grams of thiocyanate in 100 cc. of water-alcohol solution.
  • the percentage by Volume of alcohol in the water-alcohol solution may vary from 1 to 70%.
  • Proportions in the higher ranges are not ordinarily used except for non-gelatin emulsions which are very impermeable.-
  • concentrations indicated give a completely clear film free of silver halide in three to three and one-half minutes. Similar tests with a conventional fixing bath containing 30% hypo required an hour for a similar degree of fixing.
  • the invention is applicable to non-gelatin emulsions in general and will enable shorter fixing times with all such emulsions. It is of par- In the following examples and description we ticular value in connection with those non-gelatin emulsionswhich have limited permeability to water.
  • thiocyanates which may be used are sodium, potassium and ammonium thiocyanate; organic thiocyanates which may be thiocyanate esters of aliphatic or aromatic organic radicals (e. g. thiocyanocatechol) or thiocyanate salts of organic'bases (e. g.
  • MCHahCNB tetramethylammonium thiocyacontaining a silver image
  • a process comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which contains as the essential fixing constituents a lower aliphatic alcohol and a member of the group consisting of thiourea and water soluble thiocyanates, the thiourea; when used, being present in an amount of between about 1 and 8 grams of thiourea in cc. of water-alcohol solution, the water soluble thiocyanate, when used,
  • the alcohol in the water alcohol solution being from about 1 to 70%.
  • the process of fixing a photographic element which includes a non-gelatinlayer containing a develope d silver image comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which'contains as the essential fixing constituents between about 1 and 8 grams of thiourea in 100 cc. of a water-alcohol solution, the percentage by volume of alcohol in the wateralcohol solution being from about 1 to 70%;
  • the process of fixing a photographic ele-, ment which includes a non-gelatin layer containing'a developed silver image which process comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath'which contains as the essential fixing constituents between about 25 and 100 grams of water soluble thiocyanate in 100 cc. of water-alcohol solution, the percentage by volume of the alcohol in the water-alcohol solution being from about 1 to 70%;
  • a fixing composition adapted to rapidly fix a photographicelement which includes 'a'nongelatin layer containing a developed silver image which composition comprises between about 1 and 8 grams of thiourea in 100 cc. of water-alcohol solution, the percentage by volume of alcohol in the water-alcohol solution being from about 1 to 70%.
  • a fixing composition adapted to rapidly fix a photographic element which includes a nongelatin layer containing a developed silver image which composition comprises between about 25 and 100 grams of water soluble thiocyanate in 100 cc. of water-alcohol solution, the percentage by volume of alcohol in the alcohol-water solution being from about 1 to 70%.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)

Description

Patented Apr. 9, 1946 UNITED I STATES PATENT "oFFIcE l f 2,397,924 I PHOTO GRAPHIC FIXING PROCESS AND COMPOSITIONS.
John I. Crabtree and George T. Eaton, Rochester, N. Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.'Y., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application October 9, 1943, Serial No. 505,530
7 Claims.
This invention relates to improved photographic procedure for the treatment of non-gelatin emulsion photographic elements and in particular to improved procedure for fixing such photographic elements. The invention also pertains to improved fixing compositions for such photographic elements. a
Various non-gelatin materials have been used 4 heretofore as protective colloids -or carriers as a acetatehave beenused-for this purpose. These substitutes are superior to gelatin in many respects but it has been noted that they frequently are not satisfactorily permeated by fixing solutions so that the removal of silver halide by conventional fixing solutions has in many cases been incomplete or required an inordinately long period of time.
This invention has for its object to provide improved procedure for the fixing of photo raphic elements bearing a non-gelatin emulsion. Another object is to provide. improved fixing compositions which permit rapid fixing of non-gelatin emulsions, and especially those which have limited-permeability to water or to the usual fixing baths. Other objects are to improve the state of the art.
These and other objects are accomplished by our invention which includes immersing a photographic element, which comprises a non-gelatin layer containing a developed silver halide photographic image, in a bath whichcontains a lower molecular weight aliphatic alcohol and a member of the group consisting of thiourea and water soluble thiocyanates as the essential fixin constituents.
nate, may be used but we prefer to use inorganic thiocyanates.
The alcohol-thiourea mixtures preferably contain between approximately 1 and 8 grams-of thiourea in 100 cc.. of water-alcohol solution. The percentage by volume of alcohol iii the water-alcohol solution may vary from 1 to 10%. The alcohol-thiocyanate mixtures preferably contain between approximately 25 and 100 grams of thiocyanate in 100 cc. of water-alcohol solution.
.The percentage by Volume of alcohol in the water-alcohol solution may vary from 1 to 70%.
When using amounts in the upper portion of the ranges given for the alcohol it is preferable to use amounts in the lower portion of the range for the other agent. Fixing baths containing the above-noted proportions of the essential fixing I constituents have been tested and in each case have been found to give a fixing time of three to three and one-half minutes or less. The exact proportions and quantities used depend upon the composition of the non-gelatin carriers which have been produced with sufilcient variation in structure to usually require fixing baths embodying all of the proportions given above. Proportions somewhat outside the ranges or amounts given can be used with satisfactory results if slower fixing times can be tolerated. In general the higher the concentration of both of the constituents the shorter will be the fixing time. Proportions in the higher ranges are not ordinarily used except for non-gelatin emulsions which are very impermeable.- The concentrations indicated give a completely clear film free of silver halide in three to three and one-half minutes. Similar tests with a conventional fixing bath containing 30% hypo required an hour for a similar degree of fixing.
The invention is applicable to non-gelatin emulsions in general and will enable shorter fixing times with all such emulsions. It is of par- In the following examples and description we ticular value in connection with those non-gelatin emulsionswhich have limited permeability to water.
What we claim is:
1. The process of fixing a photographic element, which element includes a non-gelatin layer and butyl alcohol. Examples of thiocyanates" which may be used are sodium, potassium and ammonium thiocyanate; organic thiocyanates which may be thiocyanate esters of aliphatic or aromatic organic radicals (e. g. thiocyanocatechol) or thiocyanate salts of organic'bases (e. g.
MCHahCNB) tetramethylammonium thiocyacontaining a silver image, which process comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which contains as the essential fixing constituents a lower aliphatic alcohol and a member of the group consisting of thiourea and water soluble thiocyanates, the thiourea; when used, being present in an amount of between about 1 and 8 grams of thiourea in cc. of water-alcohol solution, the water soluble thiocyanate, when used,
the alcohol in the water alcohol solution being from about 1 to 70%.
2. The process of fixing a photographic element which includes a non-gelatinlayer containing a develope d silver image which process comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which'contains as the essential fixing constituents between about 1 and 8 grams of thiourea in 100 cc. of a water-alcohol solution, the percentage by volume of alcohol in the wateralcohol solution being from about 1 to 70%;
3. The process of fixing a photographic ele-, ment which includes a non-gelatin layer containing'a developed silver image which process comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath'which contains as the essential fixing constituents between about 25 and 100 grams of water soluble thiocyanate in 100 cc. of water-alcohol solution, the percentage by volume of the alcohol in the water-alcohol solution being from about 1 to 70%;
4. The process of fixing aphotographic element which includes a non-gelatin layer conurea in 100 cc. of water-alcohol solution, the percentage by volume of alcoholin the water-alcohol solution being from about 1 to. 70%.v
prises immersing said photographic element in a'bath which contains as the essential fixing constituents between about 25 and 100 grams of I water soluble thiocyanate in 100 cc. of wateralcohol solution, the percentage by volume of alcohol in the water-alcohol solution being from about 1 to 70%.
taining a developed silver image and having but I limited permeability to water which process comprises immersing said photographic element in a bath which contains as the essential fixing constituents between about 1 and 8 grams of thic- 6. A fixing composition adapted to rapidly fix a photographicelement which includes 'a'nongelatin layer containing a developed silver image which composition comprises between about 1 and 8 grams of thiourea in 100 cc. of water-alcohol solution, the percentage by volume of alcohol in the water-alcohol solution being from about 1 to 70%.
7. A fixing composition, adapted to rapidly fix a photographic element which includes a nongelatin layer containing a developed silver image which composition comprises between about 25 and 100 grams of water soluble thiocyanate in 100 cc. of water-alcohol solution, the percentage by volume of alcohol in the alcohol-water solution being from about 1 to 70%.
- JOHN I. CRABTRE'E.
GEORGE T. EATON.
US505530A 1943-10-08 1943-10-08 Photographic fixing process and compositions Expired - Lifetime US2397924A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US505530A US2397924A (en) 1943-10-08 1943-10-08 Photographic fixing process and compositions
GB11097/44A GB586729A (en) 1943-10-08 1944-06-09 Improvements in photographic fixing solutions

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US505530A US2397924A (en) 1943-10-08 1943-10-08 Photographic fixing process and compositions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2397924A true US2397924A (en) 1946-04-09

Family

ID=24010689

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US505530A Expired - Lifetime US2397924A (en) 1943-10-08 1943-10-08 Photographic fixing process and compositions

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US2397924A (en)
GB (1) GB586729A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2487446A (en) * 1945-12-08 1949-11-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Process for preventing stains on photographic color material during drying following exposure, bleaching, and fixing treatment
US2614927A (en) * 1949-06-01 1952-10-21 Eastman Kodak Co Rapid processing of photographic materials

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2487446A (en) * 1945-12-08 1949-11-08 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Process for preventing stains on photographic color material during drying following exposure, bleaching, and fixing treatment
US2614927A (en) * 1949-06-01 1952-10-21 Eastman Kodak Co Rapid processing of photographic materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB586729A (en) 1947-03-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2592368A (en) Gelatine silver halide emulsion layer containing a dihydroxy diphenyl tanning developing agent
US3042522A (en) Photographic film and a composition for improving the slippage characteristics thereof
GB1019222A (en) Improvements in or relating to silver halide photographic materials
US3615440A (en) Novel photographic compositions and processes
DE1278237B (en) Light developable direct copying silver halide emulsion
US1962133A (en) Photographic emulsion containing certain disulphides as antifoggants
DE1772724A1 (en) Photographic reversal process
US2397924A (en) Photographic fixing process and compositions
GB874080A (en) Improved photographic light sensitive materials and processes
US3466173A (en) Silver halide element containing a developer and aromatic sulfinic acid stabilizers
US2995444A (en) Stabilization of photographic emulsions sensitized with alkylene oxide polymers
US3212895A (en) Stability of rapid-processed photographic materials
US3265502A (en) Photographic developing compositions
US2080019A (en) Hardening photographic emulsion
US1930140A (en) Acid hardening fixing bath
US2425363A (en) Procedure for fixing nongelating emulsions and improved nongelatin emulsion fixing baths
US3420667A (en) Substituted quinones and dimine quinones as silver halide sensitizers
US1973466A (en) Photographic developing solutions
US3615510A (en) Silver halide complexing agents
US2412674A (en) Photographic fixing procedure and baths
US2173628A (en) Stabilization of photographic sensitive materials
US3615511A (en) Surface developer with heterocyclic mercaptan for use on internal image emulsion
US2293261A (en) Photographic material
US1472048A (en) Method of hardening of photographic films
US2396830A (en) Photographic process and composition for fixing