US2394925A - Electrical calculating machine - Google Patents

Electrical calculating machine Download PDF

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US2394925A
US2394925A US500325A US50032543A US2394925A US 2394925 A US2394925 A US 2394925A US 500325 A US500325 A US 500325A US 50032543 A US50032543 A US 50032543A US 2394925 A US2394925 A US 2394925A
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order
contacts
wire
carry
circuit
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Hans P Luhn
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Priority to NL76334D priority Critical patent/NL76334C/xx
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Priority to US500325A priority patent/US2394925A/en
Priority to GB16276/44A priority patent/GB583973A/en
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Priority to FR941677D priority patent/FR941677A/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
    • G06F7/40—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using contact-making devices, e.g. electromagnetic relay
    • G06F7/42—Adding; Subtracting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
    • G06F7/46—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using electromechanical counter-type accumulators
    • G06F7/462—Multiplying; dividing
    • G06F7/465—Multiplying; dividing by partial product forming (with electric multiplication table)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to accounting machines and more particularly to the data accumulating mechanism thereof.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide a novel accumulator of the electrical relay type, in which the arrangement of relay magnets and contacts is considerably improved and simplified over prior devices.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a relay accumulator in which all denominational orders are of like construction and arrangement, and in which the orders are connectable in series to provide an accumulator of any desired denominational capacity.
  • a further object is to provide novel carry determining mechanism for a. relay accumulator operable for both adding and subtracting operations.
  • each order a set of two-position relay magnets and associated contacts and a set of contacts settable to represent an amount to be entered, and for each order there are provided two so-called adding chain sets of connections.
  • the relays are operated in accordance with the algebraic sum of two amounts without carries, and through the other chain the relays are operated in accordance with the algebraic sum of two amounts with carries.
  • the setting of parts of both sets of contacts determines what chain is to be effective by connecting the appropriate chain of each order to the source of current from which a single impulse passing through all orders will operate the relays in accordance with the algebraic sum of the two amounts.
  • a novel arrangement is provided whereby the highest order determining means selects the adding chain of the lowest order, whereby when subtracting operations are performed in accordance with the method of complementary addition the so-called elusive one is applied to the lowest order, whenever the highest order passes through zero.
  • a further object is to provide a novel indicating means for displaying at all times the true value of the amount entered into the relay accumulator together with its algebraic sign.
  • Fig. 1 is a detail showing the construction of the amount entering keys.
  • Fig. 2 is a detail of one of the accumulating relay magnets in its unset position.
  • Fig.- 3 is a detail of one of the accumulating relay magnets in its set position.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram showing certain circuits in simplified form.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing the elements included in one denominational order of the accumulating mechanism.
  • Fig. 6 is a diagram showing how four denominational orders of an accumulator are arranged by repeating the elements in Fig. 4 and interconnecting them as indicated.
  • Fig. '7 is a partial diagram of a modified circuit arrangement.
  • each denominational order of the accumulating mechanism comprises four so-called accumulating relay devices, each of which has a value assigned thereto in accordance with the first four terms of the binary progression, namely, 1, 2, 4 and 8. unset position with an entry in any one thereof being represented by its set condition. Accordingly, any of the digits from 0 to 9 can be
  • the relays each have a set and an represented by the setting of one or more of the relays.
  • These latter relays are energized in combinational manner to represent a digit to be entered and for each order such digit may also be from 0 to 9.
  • Amounts to be subtracted are set up on the entering relays in the form of 9's complements and, where the balance is negative, the accumulating relays will receive a setting representing the complement of the balance.
  • the contacts controlled by the relays are so interconnected that tens carry requirements are recognized and proper entries effected from order to order.
  • each accumulator order there is provided a series of numeral representing lamps constituting a readout device.
  • the lamp corresponding to the value standing in the order is illuminated to indicate the true value of the amount set on the relays.
  • a pair of plus and minus sign indicating lamps is also provided to indicate the algebraic sign of the indicated amount.
  • Fig. 1 Keyboard In Fig. 1 is shown a portion of the keyboard and a row of keys designated I, of which there is one for each of the digits, and a row is provided for each denominational order to be handled by the machine.
  • the keys are suitably mounted for vertical reciprocation in a framework generally designated 2, in which there is a series of horizontally slidable latching bars 3, one for each column of keys.
  • Each key I is provided with-a locking pin 4 which, when the key is depressed, rocks the related bar 3 toward the left to release any previously latched key. Upon such depression, the bar 3 under the influence of its spring 5 snaps back over the pin 4 of the depressed key.
  • Each of the digit keys I is provided with a set or sets of contacts, generally designated a in Fig.
  • the portion 6 acts as a return spring for the key set so that, when released, the pressure of the spring 6 against stud I will elevate the key to its normal position.
  • Fig. 2 One of the accumulating relays is shown in Fig. 2 where the parts are shown in normal or unset position.
  • This relay comprises a magnet generally designated A mounted on the frame I4 to which there is pivoted an armature 8 at the point 9 and a bell crank lever II] at the point II.
  • Energization of the magnet A will rock armature 8 counterclockwise against the tension of spring I12.
  • This action will draw lever I3 to the left so that a spring I! will rock the lever about its pivot 23 on armature B to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 2.
  • Pivoted to extension Ma of the frame I4 is a T-shaped lever I5 which is rotatable on the pin I6.
  • lever I5 is connected between the extremity of lever I5 and a pin III on the lever I3 and serves to engage hook 20 of lever I5 to hold it in the position shown in Fig. 2, where a pin 22 bears against the upper end of bell crank l0, holding it in the clockwise position shown, so that its other arm holds the blades of contacts a, b and c in the relative positions indicated.
  • each controlling a plurality of contacts which are specifically designated in the circuit diagram (Fig. 5) where their purpose will be explained.
  • the four relay magnets are separately designated as AI, A2, A4 and A3 and the contacts controlled thereby are shown to the right thereof designated by lower case letters.
  • Fig. 6 Operating keg s In Fig. 6 are represented plus and minus sign keys designated 25, of which the key 25 shifts contacts a and these are then latched by a bar 3. The key simply functions to release contacts a if they have been previously shifted and latched. When an amount is to be subtracted the key 25 is depressed and, when an amount is to be added, the key 25 is depressed, although it is apparent that such latter key need not be operated unless the key is in its down position.
  • An operating key 26 and a clearing key 21 are also provided which close contacts a thereof only while the keys are held depressed, and which contacts open of their own resiliency when the keys are released.
  • Circuit diagram Referring now to Fig. 5, there are represented the devices for one denominational order of the mechanism with the wiring having sets of plug connection sockets designated 23, 29, 30 and 3I by means of which several orders may be coupled through connections generally designated 32 in Fig. 6 to form an accumulator. In the lowest order, connections are made to the contacts of keys 26 and 2? and, in the highest order, connections are made to the contacts of the minus key 25 and to a pair of sign indicating lamps 33.
  • FIG. 5 In the circuit diagram (Fig. 5) are represented the four accumulating relay magnets Al, A2, A4 and A8 for an order, and the contacts controlled by the magnets are designated a, b, c, d, e, etc. In the tracing of circuits through these contacts they will be designated by the reference character of the magnet followed by the letter of the particular contacts and also followed by the letter L or R to indicate whether the movable blade of the contact is in its left hand or right hand Thus, for example, the designation A8bR denotes the 2) contacts of the A8 relay magnet in its right hand position. This system of identification of the contacts is utilized to sim plify the application of reference characters to the numerous contacts appearing in the drawings.
  • relay magnets RI, R2, R4 and R8 For each denominational order there is also provided a set of four relay magnets designated RI, R2, R4 and R8, with each of which is associated a series of contacts designated by lower case letters and which will be similarly identified as, for example, RBaR or RB-aL as the case may be. These relay magnets are of the type which shift their contacts upon energization and enable the contacts to return to the normal positions shown upon deenergization.
  • a set of digit representing lamps generally designated 36, and for the entire apparatus there are provided the two lamps 33 (Fig. 6) which indicate whether the amount standing in the accumulating relays is negative or positive.
  • the four magnets Al, A2, A4, and A8 may be considered as having a set or an unset position or condition. These magnets by their condition represent in combinational manner the ten digits.
  • the particular combination for the form illustrated is that of the binary system of notation, and for this reason the magnets are designated with the numerals 1, 2, 4 and 8 to indicate the terms of the binary progression with which the magnets are in correspondence.
  • the digit 1 is represented on the magnets by the setting of magnet Al, the digit 2 by the magnet A2, th digit 3 by magnets AI and A2, etc.
  • keys I are depressed and latched in accordance with the value to be entered. Assuming that the amount 96 is to be entered, the 6 key I of the units order and the 9 key I of the tens order are depressed and their a contacts are accordingly closed. As a result, the R2 and R4 relay magnets of the units order and the RI and R8 relay magnets of the tens order will become energized in accordance with the code combinations for the digits 6 and 9, respectively.
  • negative line 34 extends across all orders to the upper contacts a of th key 25 and continues back through wire 38, so that line 34 and wire 38 are electrically connected.
  • current fiows from line 34, through wire 39 (Fig. 5), the a contacts of the 6 key I lying along the horizontal line designated 2, the 2 wire 40, relay R2, to positive line 35.
  • the circuit for relay RI is traceable from wire 38, wire M, the a contacts of the 9 key in the 1 position, the 1 wire 40 and relay RI to line 35.
  • the circuit for relay R8 is traceable from wire 38, wire 4 I, a branch wire 43, the a contacts of the 9 key in the 8 position, the 8 wire 40, relay R8 to line 35.
  • Closure of the a contacts of key 26 (Fig. 6) connects negative line 34 through wire 46 to a wire 41 extending across all accumulator orders, and under the conditions assumed a circuit can be traced from line 34, contacts of key 26, wire 43, wire 41 (Fig, 5 considered now as the thousands order), a wire 53, contacts A47'R, R4kR, R8hR, ABiR, wire 49, connection to a wire 54 (Fig. 6), connection to wire 55 extending back across all orders to wire 56 which is connected to wire 58 in the units order (see Fig. 5). From wire 58 (considering Fig.
  • the circuit continues through a wire 5I, the right handmost of six one way current flow devices 52 in the form of rectifiers, contacts RIhR, RZIL, R4gL, A8gR, A4 R, AZeR, CLaD (representing the 11 contacts of a relay CL in down position), magnet A2, to positive line 35.
  • a parallel circuit is traceable from wire 50, through wire 5I, the fourth rectifier 52 from the left, contacts RIJR, RZdL, R4dL, ABJR, CLbD, magnet A4 to positive line 35.
  • the magnets A2 and A4 in the units order are energized and when the contacts of operating key 26 reopen, the mechanism associated with these magnets will shift the related contacts to their set positions.
  • the energizing circuit for the units order is directed through the wires 55 and 56 to the wire 50 of the units order.
  • the thousands order contains an 8, evidenced by the A8 magnet in that order being in its set position.
  • the circuit runs from negative wire 41', wire 53, contacts'RIjR, AI R, RZQR, AZgR, A4hR, R47'R, R8gR, A8zL, wire 49, wire 54 (Fig. 6) to wire 55, and thence through the units order wire 50 as before.
  • the circuit through the units order magnets is controlled through the thousands order contacts as before with the circuit being traceable from negative wire ll (thousands order), wire 53, contacts AMR, R lkR, RShR, ASZ'R, wire 99, wire 59, wire 55 (units order), wire 59 to wire 59, wire 5i, rectifier E52 farthest to the right, contacts RlhR, RZ R, RMR, RileL, AZeL, CLaD, magnet A2 to line 35.
  • the contacts of magnet A2 shift back to their unset position, leaving only magnet set in the units order, and in the tens order the contacts of magnet Al become set.
  • the wire 53 extends to sets of contacts arranged at its left and right which determine whether the sum of the two digits to be added in that order is less than or more than 9. If less than 9, they direct the circuit to so-called non-carry wires 39, 59 as traced for the initial entry of 6 (6+0 being less than 9). If more than 9, they direct the circuit to so-called carry wires 51, 58 as traced for the entry of 8 (6+8 being more than 9).
  • the impulse from negative side of line enters through wire 53 and branches through the carry determining contacts to non-carry wire 49 if the sum of the digits to be added in the order is less than 9, and to the carry wire 51 if the sum is more than 9.
  • this impulse Will continue through wires 5
  • the summation contacts through which the impulse from the non-carry wire 5i passes are interconnected in accordance with the table of addition, and the contacts through which the impulse from the carry wire 59 passes are interconnected in accordance with the table of addition plus a unit, so the ultimate setting of the A relays is one unit higher than the units digit of the sum of the two digits added in an order.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates connections to the negative wire All with the sets of carry determining contacts represented as switches C and D, each having three positions over, under, and 9. When the sum of the two digits in an order is over 9, switches C and D are in their over position, when the sum is less than 9, they are in their under position, and when the sum is equal to 9, they are in their 9 position.
  • switch arm 0 represents the set of carry determining contacts designated C in Fig.
  • Switch arm D represents the set of carry determining contacts designated D in Fig. 5, and indicates that when the sum of two digits in an order is under 9, they complete no circuit; that when the sum is over 9 they connect the negative wire 53 to the carry wire 5!
  • switches C and D provide for all conditions of carry and carrycn-carry between orders, with the special provi sion of a carry into the units order from the highest order when the latter is to change its setting from 9 to 0.
  • the circuits take care of a special condition wherein, as the result of the addition of a positive amount added to a complement standing in the accumulator, the result will be in all orders.
  • the resultant setting will be 9999.
  • all switches C and D will be in their 9 positions and no circuit will be completed to negative source through wire 41.
  • a set of zero balance contacts designated E in Fig. 5 and represented by switch E in Fig. 4 are provided which, when a 9 condition is set in all orders, will complete a series circuit as clear from Fig. 4, running from negative wire 41, through all switches E to the noncarry wire 49 in the highest order, and thence through wires 54, 55 and 56 to the non-carry wire 50 in the units order to change its setting from 7 to 9.
  • switches C and D in all orders will be as shown in Fig. 4 and the circuit from negative wire 41 extends through units wire 53, switch C, wires 49, 50 to the tens non-carry wires 5
  • a circuit from negative wire 41' extends through thousands wire 53. switch C, wires 49, 54, 55, 56 and 50 to the units noncarry wire 5
  • switches C and D in the units order are in their over positions and all others are in the under positions, and the circuit from negative wire 41 extends through units wire 53, switch D, to carry wires 51, 58 in the tens order.
  • the circuit from negative wire 41 extends through thousands wire 53, switch C, wires 49, 54, 55, 56 and 50 to the units non-carry wire 5
  • a parallel circuit extends from wire 5
  • a third parallel circuit extends from wire 5
  • a still further circuit extends from units wire 50, through switch C (Fig. 4) or in Fig. 5, contacts RljL, AIfR, R2gR, AZgG, A4iL, R4kL, RBhR, ASiR, non-carry wires 49, 50 to the tens order.
  • the circuit extends through wire 5
  • the contacts of magnet A2 become set so that the digit 3 is now entered in the tens order and a 9 stands in the units order.
  • Fig. 5 the four branch circuit connections extending upwardly from the non-carry wire 5
  • the A magnets in each order will have their settings changed to represent the units digit of the sum of the two digit initially set on the A and R magnets of the order, and the contacts and connections involved may be termed a non-carry adding relay chain.
  • the four circuit connections extending upwardly from the carry wire 59 continue through separate paths to each control one of the magnets Al to A8 to change their settings to represent one unit higher than the units digit of the sum of the two digits initially set on the A and R magnets of the order.
  • the determining contact chains represented by switches C and D of Fig. 4 select either the noncarry adding chain or the carry adding chain for operation in the next higher order. It is to be particularly noted that, when the R relays have been set to represent the amount to be added, the momentary closure of the contacts or key 26 will concurrently complete all the necessary circuits to adjust the A relays in accordance with the total.
  • Carry-on-carry example The circuits involved in an example where the so-called. carry-on-carry conditions exist will be traced for a better understanding of the arrangement. Considering the example of 62 added to 39, upon depression of the entering key the magnet contacts will be set as follows:
  • a parallel circuit extends from tens wire 59, rectifier 52, fifth from the left, contacts RlgR, AleL, RZeL, R4hL, A2eL, CLaD, magnet A2 (to unset the same), and to line 35.
  • the tens order will represent 0.
  • a further parallel circuit extends from the tens wire 58, through switch D (Fig. 4) in the 9 position to carry wires 51, 58 extending to the hundreds order, or in Fig. 5 from tens wire 58, contacts RIkR, AlgL, RML, A27'L, A4mR, R4nL, R87R, A87'R, carry wires 51, 58 to the hundreds order where the circuit continues through wire 59, contacts RIbR, CLdD, magnet Al to line 35, to thereby enter a 1 in the hundreds order.
  • the circuit is traceable in the same manner as previously explained from negative wire 41, the thousands wir 53 (Fig. 4), switch C, and then through wires 49, 54, 55, 56 to the units order non-carry wire 50, from whence it branches through the adding network to energize magnet A8, leaving magnet A
  • Subtraction is effected by depressing the entering keys in accordance with the amount to be subtracted which includes depressing the 0 keys in orders to the left of the highest significant position, and depressing the key 25.
  • the magnet upon depression of the entering keys the magnet (set at over), carry wires 51, 58 to the thousands order where the circuit branches through switch D (set at 9) to carry wire 51, a connection Si, wire 62 (see also Fig.
  • the so-called fugitive or elusive one is entered in the units order to produce the correct total.
  • switches C and D Will be set as IOHOWSZ Amount Thousands Hundreds Tens Units Amount Thousands Hundreds Tens Units 340 A1A2 A4 -sn0 Rl-R8 R RlR8 +101 Al- A1- 84 R1 R3 R1 R8 R1 R1 R4 which is to result in which is to result in 250 Al A8 AlA2A4 A4 Al A8 A A
  • switches C and D Will be set The circuits involved in this subtraction may be briefly explained in connection with Fig. 4, wherein the switches C and D for the units and tens positions Will be set at under, the switches C and D for the hundreds order will be set at over, and the switches for the thousands order will be set at 9.
  • a parallel circuit runs from wire 41, tens wire 53, switch C, non-carry wires 49, 50 to the hundreds order wherein also a single circuit is com pleted to energize the magnet Al for unsetting of its contacts.
  • a further circuit extends from wire 41, through the hundreds wire 53, switch D at 9. in the tens order switches C and D will be set at under, in the hundreds order switches C and D will be set at under, and in the thousands order switches C and D will be set at 9. Adding will take place as though the two positive amounts 340 and 9409 were added to obtain 9749. In this example, no carries are required and the summation circuits for each order are traceable in Fig.
  • the summation circuits for each order will be as follows: for the hundreds order, from negative wire 41, wire 53 in the tens order, switch D (tens) in its over position, to carry wire 59 of the hundreds order.
  • switch D for the thousands order, from negative wire 41, wire 53 in the hundreds order, switch D (hundreds) in its over position, to carry wire 59 in the thousands order.
  • switches for the units position, branches from carry wire 59 of the thousands order, switch D (thousands) in its 9 position, Wires 51, 6
  • the circuit branches from carry wire 59 of the units order, switch D (units) in its 9 position, to carry wire 59 of the tens order to enter the sum of 5 and 9 and a carried unit in this order.
  • the lamps 33 are controlled by the highest order of the accumulator so that, when this order contains a. 9 indicating a negative total), the lamp 33 is illuminated, and, when it contains any other digit (indicating a positive total), the lamp 33 is illuminated.
  • each order is provided with a switch 61 which is closed in the highest (thousands) order and a circuit is completed as follows: if such highest order is set at a digit other than 9, from negative line 34 (Fig. 5) switch 61, contacts AltR, to Wire 68 which in Fig. 6 connects through a wire 69 to lamp 33 and positive line 35. With a 9 standing in the thousands order the circuit is from line 34, switch 61, contacts AltL, AL, to wire 10 which in Fig. 6 connects through a wire 11 to lamp 33 and positive line 35.
  • the highest order of the accumulator is any order high enough in denomination so that no direct entries are made therein; that is, it is devoted entirely to sign determination and fugitive one control, so that no erroneous entry will result.
  • Modification Fig. 7 shows a modified arrangement of the adding circuit connections wherein the addingwith-carry connections are entirely separated from the adding-without-carry connections.
  • the A magnets are provided with two windings as indicated with one set of windings controlled through connections and relay contacts extending from the non-carry wire and the second set extending from the carry wire 59.
  • the same reference characters are used for corresponding contacts in Fig. 5 and inspection will show that the circuit connections extending through all the contacts down to the RI contacts are the same.
  • the RI contacts are divided into two separate sets, one under the group designated non-carry and the other under the group designated carry with the two groups being the same above these contacts.
  • the same reference characters as in the first are employed with.
  • circuit of Fig. 5 may be still further simplified by the omission of the circuit connections and contacts from contacts A27c down through Bin, if it is determined in advance that a negative 0 will not occur in the handling of accountin problems, since as explained these contacts are provided to take care of the special case where the sum in all orders is 9.
  • a group of contact sets one set for each denominational order of the accumulator, each set being adjusted to represent a digit of the amount in the accumulator, a plurality of magnets for each order for adjusting said contacts, a second group of contact sets, on set for each denominational order of the accumulator, each set being adjusted to represent a digit of an amount to be entered into the accumulator, adjusting means therefor, a first set of circuit connections, for each order, interconnecting a first part of the contacts and said magnets of the related order in accordance with the table of addition for the two digits, a second set of circuit con nections, for each order, interconnecting a second part of the contacts and said magnets of the related order in accordance with the table of addition for the two digits plus a carry digit, a third set of circuit connections, for each order, interconnecting a third part of the contacts in accordance with the table of addition for the two digits, a fourth
  • a group of contact sets one set for ach denominational order of the accumulator, each set being adjusted to represent a digit of the amount in the accumulator, a plurality of magnets for each order for adjusting said contacts, a second group of contact sets, one set for each denominational order of the accumulator, each set being adjusted to represent a digit of an amount to be entered into th accumulator, adjusting means therefor, a first set of circuit connections, for each order, interconnecting a first part of the contacts and said magnets of the related order in accordance with the table of addition for the two digits, a second set of circuit connections, for each order, interconnecting a second part of the contacts and said magnets of the related order in accordance with the table of addition for the two digits plus a carry digit, a third set of circuit connections, for each order, interconnecting a third part of the contacts in accordance with the table of addition for the two digits, a fourth set
  • said magnets being connected to one of said lines, a pair of operating contacts connected to the other of said lines, and effective when the sum in each order of the two digits set therein is over 9, for completing parallel circuits extending serially through the second sets of connections of each order and the fourth sets of connections in series therewith to the other of said source lines to cause the magnets to adjust their contacts to represent the sum ofthe two amounts.
  • a group of contact sets one set for each denominational order of the accumulator, each set being adjusted to represent a digit of the amount in the accumulator, a plurality of magnets for each order for adjusting said contacts, a second group of contact sets, one set for each denominational order of the accumulator, each set being adjusted to represent a digit of an amount to be entered into the accumulator, adjusting means therefor, a first set of circuit connections, for each order, interconnecting a first part of the contacts and said magnets of the related order in accordance with the table of addition for the two digits, a second set of circuit connections, for each order, interconnecting a second part of the contacts and said magnets of the related order in accordance with the table of addition for the two digits plus a carry digit, a third set of circuit connections, for each order, interconnecting a third part of the contacts in accordance with the table of addition for the two digits, a fourth set of circuit
  • said magnets being connected to one of said lines, a pair of operating contacts connected to the other of said lines, and efiective when the sum in a higher order is under 9, the sum in the next lower order is 9, and the sum in the second lower order is over 9, for completing a circuit extending serially through the second set of connections of said higher order, the fourth set of connections of the next lower order and the fourth set of connections of the second lower order to the other of said source lines, and effective for concurrently completing a circuit extending serially through the second set of connections of said next lower order and the fourth set of connections of the second lower order to the other of said source lines and effective for concurrently completing a circuit extending serially through the second set of connections of said second lower order and the first set of connections of a still lower order to the other of said source lines.
  • a relay accumulator having contacts settable to represent an amount therein, entering contacts in each order settable to represent an amount or the 9s complement of an amount to be entered, in combination with magnets operable to adjust the first named contacts to represent any amount, a first group of circuit connections including part of said contacts and the magnets arranged and normally effective to cause the magnets to adjust the first named contacts in accordance with the sum of the two amounts set on the two sets of contacts, a second group of circuit connections including part of said contacts and the magnets arranged to cause the magnets to adjust the first named contacts in accordance with the sum of the two amounts +1, and means controlled by a part of the contacts of each order, when the sum of the digits set on the related contacts is greater than 9, for rendering the first group of connections in the next higher order inefiective and rendering.
  • the second group of connections effective, the means controlled by said part of the contacts of the highest order being effective when the sum of the digits therein is greater than 9 for rendering the first group of connections related to the lowest order ineffective and
  • An electrical relay accumulator comprising, for each denominational order, a plurality of accumulating relays settable to represent a digit, a plurality of entering relays settable to represent a digit to be added, a first set of contacts adjusted by the accumulating relays, a first set of contacts adjusted by the entering relays, said sets of contacts being interconnected in accordance with the table of addition, to efiect a setting of the accumulating, relays to represent therein the units digit of the sum of the two digits to be added, a second set of contacts adjusted by the accumulating relays, a second set of contacts adjusted by the entering relays, said second sets of contacts being interconnected in accordance with the table of addition to effect a setting of the accumulating relays to represent one digit more than the units digit of the sum of the two digits to be added, means for selectively completing a circuit through either set of contacts, a third set of contacts adjusted by the accumulating relays, a third set of contacts adjusted by
US500325A 1943-08-28 1943-08-28 Electrical calculating machine Expired - Lifetime US2394925A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL76334D NL76334C (fr) 1943-08-28
US500325A US2394925A (en) 1943-08-28 1943-08-28 Electrical calculating machine
GB16276/44A GB583973A (en) 1943-08-28 1944-08-28 Improvements in or relating to accounting machines
FR941677D FR941677A (fr) 1943-08-28 1946-07-12 Perfectionnements aux machines comptables électriques

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US500325A US2394925A (en) 1943-08-28 1943-08-28 Electrical calculating machine

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2449228A (en) * 1946-05-01 1948-09-14 Hofgaard Rolf Coupling means for use with calculating, bookkeeping, or like machines
US2560172A (en) * 1948-03-31 1951-07-10 Automatic Elect Lab Binary binomial sequential analyzer
DE848103C (de) * 1950-03-30 1952-09-01 Ibm Deutschland Lochgesteuerter Binaer-Rechner mit Subtraktion
US2626752A (en) * 1949-11-23 1953-01-27 Ncr Co Carry device for electronic calculators
US2819839A (en) * 1951-02-23 1958-01-14 Donald H Jacobs High speed register using gating circuits to bypass delay elements
US2829822A (en) * 1949-10-24 1958-04-08 Marchant Calculators Inc Binary value calculator
US2928601A (en) * 1952-03-25 1960-03-15 Hughes Aircraft Co Arithmetic units for decimal coded binary computers
US2942780A (en) * 1954-07-01 1960-06-28 Ibm Multiplier-divider employing transistors
US2988276A (en) * 1954-01-07 1961-06-13 Higonnet Type composing apparatus
US3084860A (en) * 1959-08-04 1963-04-09 Western Electric Co Decimal to binary number translating device

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2449228A (en) * 1946-05-01 1948-09-14 Hofgaard Rolf Coupling means for use with calculating, bookkeeping, or like machines
US2560172A (en) * 1948-03-31 1951-07-10 Automatic Elect Lab Binary binomial sequential analyzer
US2829822A (en) * 1949-10-24 1958-04-08 Marchant Calculators Inc Binary value calculator
US2626752A (en) * 1949-11-23 1953-01-27 Ncr Co Carry device for electronic calculators
DE848103C (de) * 1950-03-30 1952-09-01 Ibm Deutschland Lochgesteuerter Binaer-Rechner mit Subtraktion
US2819839A (en) * 1951-02-23 1958-01-14 Donald H Jacobs High speed register using gating circuits to bypass delay elements
US2928601A (en) * 1952-03-25 1960-03-15 Hughes Aircraft Co Arithmetic units for decimal coded binary computers
US2988276A (en) * 1954-01-07 1961-06-13 Higonnet Type composing apparatus
US2942780A (en) * 1954-07-01 1960-06-28 Ibm Multiplier-divider employing transistors
US3084860A (en) * 1959-08-04 1963-04-09 Western Electric Co Decimal to binary number translating device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB583973A (en) 1947-01-03
NL76334C (fr)
FR941677A (fr) 1949-01-18

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