US2388439A - Cutting oil - Google Patents

Cutting oil Download PDF

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US2388439A
US2388439A US550485A US55048544A US2388439A US 2388439 A US2388439 A US 2388439A US 550485 A US550485 A US 550485A US 55048544 A US55048544 A US 55048544A US 2388439 A US2388439 A US 2388439A
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Prior art keywords
naphthenic acid
naphthenate
acid
mixture
oil
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US550485A
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Leslie R Raymond
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A S Cowie & Co
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Priority to GB22105/45A priority patent/GB598008A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/14—Group 7
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling

Definitions

  • compositions have been used for cutting oils.
  • Mineral oils have been used for light duty cutting, Where the requirements for lubrication and cooling are not severe, but have not been found satisfactory for more difficult machining operations. Where therequirements for cooling and lubrication are severe, the compositions used have generally consisted principally of animal or vegetable oils, and sulphur is often added for the purpose of increasing the film strength. Vegetable or animal oils have certain disadvantages, however, including objectionable odor and a tendency to become rancid.
  • the principal object of this invention is to provide a cutting oil which effectively performs the above mentioned functions and which does not require the use of animal or vegetable oil or the addition of sulphur.
  • a particular object is to provide a cuttin oil composition which provides a highly effective lubricatingand protective film on both the work and the tool.
  • the cutting oil of my present invention consists principally of mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid and contains, in addition, a reltively small proportion of metallic naphthenate dissolved or colloidally dispersed therein.
  • mineral lubricating oil is used herein to designate a petroleum oil, either paraffin base or naphthene base, which has some lubricating value, including products commonly used as lubricating oils as well as oils of lower boiling point and lower viscosity, such as gas oil, kerosene or kerosene distillate.
  • Naphthenic acids are derived from naphthene base petroleum oils and usually comprise a number of different compounds rather than a single compound.
  • the naphthenic acids which I have found suitable for purposes of my invention have an acid number from about 75 to about 375, although the best results are usually obtained by the use of a naphthenic acid having an acid
  • the proportions may, for example, vary between about 5% and 1 75% by volume of naphthenic acid to between about 95% and of mineral lubricating oil.
  • compositions containing from about 10% to about 50% by volume of naphthenic acid give excellent results.
  • the mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid are mixed together to form a solution and the metallic naphthenate may, if desired, be separately prepared and added to the resulting solution. According to a preferred procedure, however, I may form the metallic naphthenate in the lubricating oil-naphthenic acid solution by contact thereof with a compound of the desired metal which will react with a portion of the naphthenic acid to form metallic naphthenate.
  • metallic naphthenates such as those of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, lead, manganese, copper, iron, cobalt or nickel. Mixtures of two or more of these metallic naphthenates may also be used.
  • the proportion of metallic naphthenate in the cutting oil composition should be at least /2% by weight, and I prefer to use from about 1% to about 5% metallic naphthenate.
  • Naphthenates of theabove mentioned metals may be prepared by heating the oxide of such metal with naphthenic acid, or by reacting sodium naphthenate with a solution of a soluble salt of the metal.
  • a solution of a soluble salt of the metal for example, in preparing magnesium naphthenate I may heat magnesium oxide with naphthenic acid, or I may first react sodium hydroxide with naphthenic acid to form sodium naphthenate and then subject the latter to contact with a solution of magnesium sulphate or magnesium chloride to form magnesium naphthenate.
  • the lubricating oil and naphthenic acid may be either crudeor refined. Since there is considerable difference in price between the crude and mixture.
  • the materials may be treated separately and subsequently mixed, or the mixture may be made prior to the refining process, a procedure which I prefer.
  • I first mix thoroughly in the desired proportions, a crude lubricating stock and a crude naphthenic acid of the desired acid number. This mixture is then treated with from one to ten pounds of 66 B. sulphuric acid per barrel (of 42 U. S.
  • the acid sludge is allowed to settle and is drawn oil from the bottom of the container or the oil mixture may be decanted from the sludge.
  • the resulting refined mixture may then be subjected to filtration in any desired manner to remove any suspended acid sludge or any other undissolved impurities, and is preferably then treated with caustic soda solution to neutralize any free sulphuric acid or sulphur dioxide, after which the desired proportion of metallic naphthenate produced as described above may be aned and the whole mixture thoroughly agitated to uniformly distribute the metallic naphthenate, either in solution or in the form of a colloidal dispersion.
  • the metallic naphthenate may be incorporated in the mixture prior to the filtration step.
  • An example of a cutting oil prepared by mixing and treating the ingredients as described above is one containing 25 parts by volume of naphthenic acid to '15 parts of mineral lubricating oil together with 2 to 2 /2% by weight of metallic naphthenate based on the total weight of the mixture.
  • the metallic naphthenate may, for example, be magnesium naphthenate, calcium naphthenate, or aluminum naphthenate.
  • metallic naphthenate may be formed in the refined lubricating oil-naphthenic acid mixture by contact of such mixture with an oxide, silicate, or other reactive compound of the desired metal.
  • a compound of the desired metal which is also capable of acting as a filter aid and also as an adsorbent material for decolorizing the mixture.
  • a mixture is made containing 20% by volume of naphthenic acid and 80% by volume of mineral lubricating oil. Th s mixture is treated with 66 B.sulphuric acid and thoroughly agitated to remove asphaltic and gumforming constituents, after which the sludge is allowed to settle and is drawn off.
  • the refined mixture is then heated to approximately 130 F.. and a hydrated magnesium silicate is added in the proportion of about 3% by weight of the The mixture is then agitated well for a sufficient period to cause partial reaction between the magnesium silicate and the naphthenic acid to form the desired proportion of magnesium naphthenate, for example, for about two to four hours.
  • the mixture is then filtered to remove the unreacted magnesium silicate and other undissolved solids.
  • the magnesium silicate is preferably one which has a high adsorbent power, such as a synthetic hydrated magnesium silicate sold under the trade name of Magnesol, which acts not only to produce magnesium naphthenate in the solution by partial reaction with the naphthenic acid but also as a filter aid and adsorbent to remove both suspended solids and color from the mixture.
  • a high adsorbent power such as a synthetic hydrated magnesium silicate sold under the trade name of Magnesol, which acts not only to produce magnesium naphthenate in the solution by partial reaction with the naphthenic acid but also as a filter aid and adsorbent to remove both suspended solids and color from the mixture.
  • compositions containing only the above mentioned ingredients within the specified ranges give very excellent results when used as cutting oils.
  • the manner of applying and using such compositions may be essentially the same heretofore employed with other cutting oil compositions.
  • a cutting oil consisting principally of mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid in proportions between 5% and naphthenic acid to between 95% and 25% mineral lubricating oil. by volume, and also containing from /z% to about 5 by weight of metallic naphthenate.
  • a cutting oil consisting principally of mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid in proportions between 5% and 75% naphthenic acid to between 95% and 25% minerallubricating oil. by volume, and also containing from 1% to 5% by weight of metallic naphthenate.
  • a cutting oil consisting principally of mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid in proportions between 10% and 50% naphthenic acid to between and 50% mineral lubricating oil, by volume, and also containing from /2% to about 5% by weight of metallic naphthenate, said naphthenic acid having an acid number between about 75 and 3'75.
  • a cutting oil consisting principally of m neral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid in proportions between 10% and 50% naphthenic acid to between 90% and 50% mineral lubricating oil, by volume, and also containing from 1% to5% by weight of metallic naphthenate.
  • a cutting oil consisting principally of mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid in pro-

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Description

number between about 100 and 250.
Patented Nov. 6, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CUTTING OIL Leslie R. Raymond, Santa Ana, Calif., assignor to A. S. Cowie & 00., Los Angeles, Calif., a corporation of California No Drawing. Application August 21, 1944, Serial No. 550,485
6 Claims.
smoother and more perfect surfaces on the. work:-
Many different types of compositions have been used for cutting oils. Mineral oils have been used for light duty cutting, Where the requirements for lubrication and cooling are not severe, but have not been found satisfactory for more difficult machining operations. Where therequirements for cooling and lubrication are severe, the compositions used have generally consisted principally of animal or vegetable oils, and sulphur is often added for the purpose of increasing the film strength. Vegetable or animal oils have certain disadvantages, however, including objectionable odor and a tendency to become rancid.
The principal object of this invention is to provide a cutting oil which effectively performs the above mentioned functions and which does not require the use of animal or vegetable oil or the addition of sulphur.
A particular object is to provide a cuttin oil composition which provides a highly effective lubricatingand protective film on both the work and the tool.
The cutting oil of my present invention consists principally of mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid and contains, in addition, a reltively small proportion of metallic naphthenate dissolved or colloidally dispersed therein.
The term mineral lubricating oil is used herein to designate a petroleum oil, either paraffin base or naphthene base, which has some lubricating value, including products commonly used as lubricating oils as well as oils of lower boiling point and lower viscosity, such as gas oil, kerosene or kerosene distillate.
Naphthenic acids are derived from naphthene base petroleum oils and usually comprise a number of different compounds rather than a single compound. The naphthenic acids which I have found suitable for purposes of my invention have an acid number from about 75 to about 375, although the best results are usually obtained by the use of a naphthenic acid having an acid For example, I have obtained excellent results with a naphthenic acid having an acid number of approximately 100, which would correspond approximately to an acid having the formula CssHnCOOH This of course is not the true formula but represents approximately the average formula of the acids present in the material.
The proportions of mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid are subject to considerable variation. These materials are freely miscible with or soluble in one another in any proportions.
the cutting oil of my invention the proportions may, for example, vary between about 5% and 1 75% by volume of naphthenic acid to between about 95% and of mineral lubricating oil. For most purposes compositions containing from about 10% to about 50% by volume of naphthenic acid give excellent results.
The mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid are mixed together to form a solution and the metallic naphthenate may, if desired, be separately prepared and added to the resulting solution. According to a preferred procedure, however, I may form the metallic naphthenate in the lubricating oil-naphthenic acid solution by contact thereof with a compound of the desired metal which will react with a portion of the naphthenic acid to form metallic naphthenate.
Various metallic naphthenates may be employed such as those of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, lead, manganese, copper, iron, cobalt or nickel. Mixtures of two or more of these metallic naphthenates may also be used.
The proportion of metallic naphthenate in the cutting oil composition should be at least /2% by weight, and I prefer to use from about 1% to about 5% metallic naphthenate.
Naphthenates of theabove mentioned metals may be prepared by heating the oxide of such metal with naphthenic acid, or by reacting sodium naphthenate with a solution of a soluble salt of the metal. For example, in preparing magnesium naphthenate I may heat magnesium oxide with naphthenic acid, or I may first react sodium hydroxide with naphthenic acid to form sodium naphthenate and then subject the latter to contact with a solution of magnesium sulphate or magnesium chloride to form magnesium naphthenate.
In the making of my cutting oil composition, the lubricating oil and naphthenic acid may be either crudeor refined. Since there is considerable difference in price between the crude and mixture.
refined products, I generally prefer to use the cheaper, unrefined materials and to refine them by treatment with sulphuric acid to remove asphaltic or gum-forming impurities. In the refining process, the materials may be treated separately and subsequently mixed, or the mixture may be made prior to the refining process, a procedure which I prefer. As an example of this procedure, I first mix thoroughly in the desired proportions, a crude lubricating stock and a crude naphthenic acid of the desired acid number. This mixture is then treated with from one to ten pounds of 66 B. sulphuric acid per barrel (of 42 U. S. gallons) of the mixture, and the whole thoroughly agitated for ten to fifteen minutes, which is sufficient to remove the impurities but not suflicient to cause sulfonation of the naphthenic acids, since it is well known that these sulfonation reactions proceed quite slowly. After the agitation, the acid sludge is allowed to settle and is drawn oil from the bottom of the container or the oil mixture may be decanted from the sludge.
The resulting refined mixture may then be subjected to filtration in any desired manner to remove any suspended acid sludge or any other undissolved impurities, and is preferably then treated with caustic soda solution to neutralize any free sulphuric acid or sulphur dioxide, after which the desired proportion of metallic naphthenate produced as described above may be aned and the whole mixture thoroughly agitated to uniformly distribute the metallic naphthenate, either in solution or in the form of a colloidal dispersion. As an alternative, the metallic naphthenate may be incorporated in the mixture prior to the filtration step.
An example of a cutting oil prepared by mixing and treating the ingredients as described above is one containing 25 parts by volume of naphthenic acid to '15 parts of mineral lubricating oil together with 2 to 2 /2% by weight of metallic naphthenate based on the total weight of the mixture. The metallic naphthenate may, for example, be magnesium naphthenate, calcium naphthenate, or aluminum naphthenate.
According to the preferred procedure mentioned above, metallic naphthenate may be formed in the refined lubricating oil-naphthenic acid mixture by contact of such mixture with an oxide, silicate, or other reactive compound of the desired metal. In following this procedure, I find it especially advantageous to employ a compound of the desired metal which is also capable of acting as a filter aid and also as an adsorbent material for decolorizing the mixture.
As a specific example of this preferred method of preparation, a mixture is made containing 20% by volume of naphthenic acid and 80% by volume of mineral lubricating oil. Th s mixture is treated with 66 B.sulphuric acid and thoroughly agitated to remove asphaltic and gumforming constituents, after which the sludge is allowed to settle and is drawn off. The refined mixture is then heated to approximately 130 F.. and a hydrated magnesium silicate is added in the proportion of about 3% by weight of the The mixture is then agitated well for a sufficient period to cause partial reaction between the magnesium silicate and the naphthenic acid to form the desired proportion of magnesium naphthenate, for example, for about two to four hours. The mixture is then filtered to remove the unreacted magnesium silicate and other undissolved solids.
The magnesium silicate is preferably one which has a high adsorbent power, such as a synthetic hydrated magnesium silicate sold under the trade name of Magnesol, which acts not only to produce magnesium naphthenate in the solution by partial reaction with the naphthenic acid but also as a filter aid and adsorbent to remove both suspended solids and color from the mixture.
A cutting oil composition prepared by the specific procedure described above, using Magnesol, was found to contain about 1/2% of magnesium naphthenate together with somewhat less than 1% of iron naphthenate, the latter probably resulting from reaction of the naphthenic acid with the iron vessels and equipment employed in the process.
It will be understood of course that other materials in addition to those mentioned above may also be added to the composition if desired. without departing from the scope of my invention. However, I have found that compositions containing only the above mentioned ingredients within the specified ranges give very excellent results when used as cutting oils. The manner of applying and using such compositions may be essentially the same heretofore employed with other cutting oil compositions.
I claim:
. l. A cutting oil consisting principally of mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid in proportions between 5% and naphthenic acid to between 95% and 25% mineral lubricating oil. by volume, and also containing from /z% to about 5 by weight of metallic naphthenate.
2. A cutting oil consisting principally of mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid in proportions between 5% and 75% naphthenic acid to between 95% and 25% minerallubricating oil. by volume, and also containing from 1% to 5% by weight of metallic naphthenate.
3. A cutting oil consisting principally of mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid in proportions between 10% and 50% naphthenic acid to between and 50% mineral lubricating oil, by volume, and also containing from /2% to about 5% by weight of metallic naphthenate, said naphthenic acid having an acid number between about 75 and 3'75.
4. A cutting oil consisting principally of m neral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid in proportions between 10% and 50% naphthenic acid to between 90% and 50% mineral lubricating oil, by volume, and also containing from 1% to5% by weight of metallic naphthenate.
5. A cutting oil consisting principally of mineral lubricating oil and naphthenic acid in pro-
US550485A 1944-08-21 1944-08-21 Cutting oil Expired - Lifetime US2388439A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2780599A (en) * 1953-09-30 1957-02-05 Standard Oil Co Crankcase lubricating oil and additive therefor
US2791559A (en) * 1953-07-29 1957-05-07 Exxon Research Engineering Co Combination additive for mineral lubricating oils
US4555352A (en) * 1983-04-08 1985-11-26 Power-Aid Industries (1980) Ltd. Lubricant additive

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2791559A (en) * 1953-07-29 1957-05-07 Exxon Research Engineering Co Combination additive for mineral lubricating oils
US2780599A (en) * 1953-09-30 1957-02-05 Standard Oil Co Crankcase lubricating oil and additive therefor
US4555352A (en) * 1983-04-08 1985-11-26 Power-Aid Industries (1980) Ltd. Lubricant additive

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Publication number Publication date
GB598008A (en) 1948-02-09

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