US2387072A - High-speed railway car truck - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 16, 1945. c. J. HOLLAND ETAL HIGH SPEED RAILWAY CAR TRUCK Filed July 3, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 KW.. Nou Nm, mf P J. v MN, m V w KOQ QN lllnmwl l Il Oct' 16 1945. c. J. HOLLAND E'rAL HIGH SPEED yRAILWAY CAR TRUCK 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 3, 1942 J5/fw 5./ 0

uw @NNN Ot. 16, 19,45;v f c. J. HOLLAND ETAL 2,387,072

HIGH SPEED RAILWAY CAR TRUCK l Filed July 3, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 yf if@ 7/ /l/ ////\//,r //A l g z Q a 65% aff/ V /jwl ,r

INVENTORS:

Patented Oct. 16, 1945 UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEicE mori-SPEED -lzisvr can 'rnvcx Cyrus J. Holland and Knu by direct and mesne assignments,

te Edam, chicago. nid;

Holland Company, a corporation of Illinois Application Julyl a, i942, serial No. 449,5ss`

Another object of the invention is the provi-v sion of a new and improved truck having 4novel means for shifting the supporting iulcrum for the load while rounding curves. y

Another object ofthe invention is the provision oi new and improved means 'for banking the truck frame while the car is traveling around curves at high speeds.

A still further object of the invention is the provision. in a spring plankless type oi truck, oi'.

new and improved means for supporting the side` 'frames from the Journal boxes of railway axles so that the frames are movable laterally relative to the Journal boxes, or are slightly canted and the outer one being elevated on rounding curves, thereby cushioning the shocks incident to such constructions on entering curves at high speeds.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a new and improved truck having swing hangers for supporting the side frames directly from the Journal'boxes instead of thus supporting the bolster from the truck frame.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a new and improved truck that is inexpensive to manufacture, easily assembled, and so constructed that the load is resiliently supported and cushioned against shocks dueto sudden or violent lateral movement of the axles incident to the truck entering curves at high speeds.

Other and further objects and advantages oi' the invention will appear from the following description. taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which Fig. l is a side elevation of a railway truck disclosing the invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view vwith parts in section, on the line 2 2 of Fia. 1, and parts broken away;

Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the truck looking in the direction of the arrows'3-3 of Fig. l, and with parts in section and parts broken away;

Fig. 4 is a vertical section of one of the journal boxes, showing the side frame in normal position;

1o claims. (ci ros-iss) Fig. 5 is a simiiar view, but showing the nde frame in the position it assumes when the truck is rounding curves at high speed:

Fig.Y 6 is a view similar'to' Fig. 4, but showing-` a modied form of construction;

Fig. 'I is a view similar to rig. 6, but snowing another modiiied form oi construction; Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 4, but showing a still further modified form of construction;

Fig. 9 is a section on the line 9-9 of Fig. 8; Fig. A10 is a view similar to Fig 8, but showing a further modied form of construction;

Fig. il is a section on the line Il-li oi Fig. 10.1, The A. A. R. conventional truck is designed to have its side trames remain in vertical position under any and all conditions. and in the socalled "spring plankless type oi truck the lateral movement of the bolster is in consequence very limited, which results in rapid wear on axle collars and `iournal bearings, thereby increasing the length of movement of the side frames so that lateral thrusts become shocks against the collars and bearings. Such wear permits the appllcation of the load to shift outwardly on the ends oi' the axle on curves, thus increaslng'the bending moment on the axle and thereby causing a more rapid increase in fatigue and crystallizatlon oi' the Journal while in use. The safety and life of the axle is thereby decreased, resulting in damage to the car body and impairing the safety oi' the axle, not to mention the evil eifects of the violent shocks tothe lading and track.

The present invention seeks to remedy these diiiiculties by the provision of novel means which lpermits a limited rocking or yielding of the side frames, slight .banking oi' the bolster, and shiiting of the point oi' application of the load on the journals on rounding curves at high speed.

Referring now to the drawings, the reference character 3 designates a railway car comprising v atruck lll having a pair of side frames II, one

at each side of the truck. and thevaxles I3, Il. having the Journal boxes IB, Il, on the ends thereof. Each journal box contains the conventional brass member or bearing 5 and a wedge 6 (Figs. 4 and 5). The bearings B engage the "journals 1 of the axles Il, il. Collars l and shoulders 9 on the axle journals 'l limit the relative lateral movement of the bearings and Jour-- nals. The conventional journal bearings or brass members and associated wedges are omitted from certain iigures of the drawings for the sake of clearness. The side frames are each provided with downwardly extending pedestals I1, Il, at

. 22 extends.

24 at its lower portion, which cooperate with vertical columns 2l, 28, Fig. 1, to form a bolster opening 21 through which one end of the bolster The bolster is provided with shoulders 28, 3l, at its sides at each end thereof. Fig. 2, which slidably engage the corresponding columns 25, 28. The lower part of each opening 21 is enlarged, as at I2, to permit insertion and removal of the bolster 2l from the ltrame.

The tension member 2l is hollow or channel shape, and is provided with pockets or openings 40, into which suitable springs I3, of a spring assembly 3,4, extend and are seated on the lower wall 35 oi the tension member, as more clearly shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings. The springs I2 ot the spring assembly 3l engage beneath the bolster 2l for resiliently supporting the same on the truck. In the conventional railway truck the `spring assembly is supported on the upper wall of the tension member, and consequently the springs are much shorter than the springs I3 of the present construction. By extending is reduced to a minimum. The form of construction of the truck for accomplishing t function will now be described.

In the form of the device shown in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, the journal boxes I6 are each provided with an upwardly extending load supporting arm 38. 'I'hese supporting arms may be, and preterably are, integral with the journal boxes, and have provided on their upper ends a plurality of cam teeth or projections 39, Il, which are rounded at their ends, as shown more clearly in Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings. Since these arms are all alike only one need be described. A curved recess 42 is provided between the projections 29, 4l, which is adapted to be engaged by a downwardly extending projection 43 on the side frames at the correspondingend thereof. This projection is curved at its lower end, but on a shorter radius than the recess l2, so that the projection 43 may rock within the recess 42 a limited amount without contacting the side walls of the recess. The projection or tooth 4l extends upwardly beyond the plane of the tooth 39, and is adapted to engage within a curved recess 44 when the lower portions of the side frames are moved outwardly. In the normal position of the side frames they are in vertical planes, and the curved lower end of the tooth 42 engages the bottom of the recess 42, as shown in Fig. 4. In this position the upper curved end of the tooth 4I is spaced from the recess 44, as shown in said ligure.

the length or the springs a much softer riding truck is provided. In order to strengthen the tension member and to form pockets for posi tioning the lower ends of the springs, suitable upstanding webs $6, Il, extending longitudinally and transversely, are provided, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3 of the drawings.

In rounding curves at high speeds, with tracks having side frames held rigidly in vertical planes, as where they areintegral with the Journal boxes, the centrifugal force oi' the car body and the lading tend to move the supporting bolster outwardly relativey to the curve. and this movement carries with it the side frames and journal boxes and brings the bearings l into contact with the collars l and shoulders 8 of the journal boxes. When the flanges oi' the wheels iirst engage the rails on the curve the car body, by centrifugal action. causes the bearings 5 on the outer side of the curve to come abruptly into contact with the collar I of the outer journal, and the bearing 5 on the inner side of the curve to abruptly engage -the shoulder i on the inner side of the curve, thus producing a shock to the car body and to the lading. As a result of these shocks and the radial outward movement of the side frames, the collars l on the outer ends oi' the outer .lournals, and the shoulders 9 on the inner journais, together with the bearings. I, will become worn, and as they are wornthe shocks become greater.

Suitable means are provided in the present invention for minimizing the wear on these collars, shoulders and bearings for reducing the shocks 'Y incident to the truck entering curves during the normal running operation of the car. Suitable means are provided for permitting a rocking movement oi the side frames relative to the bolster for yieldingly resisting the outward movement of the body on rounding curves,l and as a consequence of this arrangement the shocks are greatly lessened, and the wear on the bearings 5, collars and shoulders 8 and l of the journals,

By means of this arrangement a slight rocking movement of the side frames may be had without the tooth 4| coming in contact with the bottom of the recess M. After the initial lateral movement or the frame theitooth Il will engage the bottom of the recess Il, and any further outward movement of the frame will cause the same. together with the car and lading, to be elevated 4Q on that side, thereby yieldingly resisting any fura greater distance from the under surface 45 ot the side frame than the distance between the tooth ll and the recess N, so that the projection 3l does not at any time engage the recess I4.

It will be noted that when the bolster on which the body is mounted moves laterally outwardly, due to centrifugal force of the weight of the car and lading, the shoulders 29 and Il thereon will force the side frames radially outwardly in the same direction. thus tilting the side frames; and after the initial outward movement ofthe bolster the weight of the body and lading will be supported by the projections 4I of the side frames that are on the outer side of the curve, and the parts 43 and l2 will be spaced apart, thus shifting the supporting fulcrum inwardly on the Journal boxes, so that even if the collars 8, shoulders 8 and bearings E be worn the application of the weight of the lading, due to the centrifugal action in rounding a curve, will not -be shifted outwardly on the Journal box beyond the normal position. The bearings on the inner side of the curve will, of course, be shifted toward the axis, and thus the point of support from the rail, thereby partially ov rcoming stresses on the axle, thus tending to cause earlier crystallization of the metal. Furthermore, the

shifting inwardly of the supporting iulcrum causes a banking of the car, which produces an eiiect similar to increasing e elevation of the outer the evil eiects of this centrifugal action.

It will also be noted that on `entering curves n at high speeds this swinging` movement of the side i'ramestogether with the slight elevation ofthe same on the outer side of the curve, will constitute a cushioning arrangement for preventing shocks to the car and to the lading. Furthermore, this shifting of the load supporting iulcrum on the journal box and the banking of frames will greatly reduce the wear on the collars 8 and shoulders 8 of the journals.

In order to provide clearance for the rocking ,Y movement of the side frames on curves the shoulders 29 and 3i at each end of -the bolster may be sloped or rounded ofi at their upper and lower portions for accommodating this movement,

Journals. This clearance is shown more or less exaggerated for the sake oi clearness. A

'I'he form of construction shown in Fig, 6 differs from that just described in that a rocker member 48 is employed instead oi' the rigid member 38 previously described. In this form oi construction the journal box I8l is provided with a short upwardly extending projection 33, which is provided with a curved recess 8| adapted to receive the lower curved end 52 of the rocker member 48. This member has upwardly extending teeth or projections 33, 4I, corresponding to the projections 39, 4l, of the construction shown in Fig. 4.- The side frame Il* is provided with a downwardly extending projection 43, which engages in a recess 42 for supporting the side frame in normal position. The projection 4Il is adapted to engage in a recess 44* when the lower portion ofthe side frame is rocked outwardlythe journal box I8 is provided with an upstanda ing projection 88", terminating in a spherical bearing member 53 that engages a recess 454 in the. side frame IIb. It will be noted that in rounding curves the side frame Ilh may rock from the vertical, thus tending to elevate the` center of gravity oi the load. thereby providinga yielding resistance ior reducing shocks due to contact o1' the ilanges of the wheels with the track on entering curves.

In Figs. 8 and 9 is shown a further modiiled form of construction, and in this form lilik mechanism is provided for banking the truck frame and for providing a yielding action for reducing shocks and wear on the collars or shoulders of the axle journals. As shown, the journal boxes |8 are provided with upstanding projections 33, each of which has a curved recess 88 forming a bearing in which is pivoted a. journal 58 of an inverted U-shaped link member 51.

The side frames are hollow, as in the previous constructions, and are provided with webs te,

wardly extending tooth or projection 88, which is adapted to seat in the recess 81 for supporting the side frame in its normal vertical position. There is a recess in each of the webs 58, 88, at oppositel sides oi the projection, as shown at88 and 1I. The projections 38, 8i and 86, and the corresponding recesses, are so constructed and arranged that the frame H may have a limited' lateral movement in both directions without the projections 85, 88, engaging in the corresponding recesses.

This will compensate for the usual lateral movement or nosing of the truck during travel on straight tracks. Any further outward movement of the frame or inward movement of the axle will i cause the projection 85 engaging the recess 33 construction. In this form,l since the rocker member 48 is free to rotate the banking of the bolster may be more pronounced than in the previous construction. In both forms the initial movement due to centrifugal action will not change the point oi' application oi the load. The arrangement or the rocker members on the journal boxes on the'opposite side of the truck is reversed from that shown, so that on left turns the right side of the truck and car are elevated or banked.

The form of construction shown in Fig. 7 differs from those already described in that there is very little banking of the bolster and truck frame on rounding curves. The side frames, however, are so constructed that they may rock, as in the previous constructions. In this form construction is such that the U-shaped swinging to abruptly elevate the side frame, thereby bank-` ing the truck.

It will be seen that in the initial relative lateral movement of the side frames and axles the frames swing about a predetermined radius, and in the iinal pivotal movement they swing about materially shortened radii on the outer side, so that the frames are bankedoncurves.

Due to the swinging support for the load the shocks incident to the coming in contact of the journal box bearing with the collars or shoulders of the journals or axles will be greatly reduced, as in the previously described constructions.

I'he form of construction shown in Fig. 10 differs from that shown in Figs. 8 and 9 in that the member is inverted from the position shown in those gures. In this form the journal I3! of the U-shaped member 38a engages a recess or bearing 12 on the lower end of a web 13 integral with the side frame Il". The ends 14 of the U-shaped member 38* are turned outwardly, as-

in the previous construction, but are above the journal 83* and are turned outwardly in opposite directions. Each of these extensions 14 is provided with a downwardly extending projection or tooth 1S and a downwardly extending tooth i8 having a curved recess l1 between the two

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