US2380280A - Chemical sensitizing of emulsions - Google Patents
Chemical sensitizing of emulsions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2380280A US2380280A US478303A US47830343A US2380280A US 2380280 A US2380280 A US 2380280A US 478303 A US478303 A US 478303A US 47830343 A US47830343 A US 47830343A US 2380280 A US2380280 A US 2380280A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- emulsion
- speed
- emulsions
- silver halide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title description 44
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CYXJEHCKVOQFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-amino-2-methylphenyl) hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CC1=CC(N)=CC=C1OS(O)(=O)=O CYXJEHCKVOQFOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PLPDHGOODMBBGN-VOTSOKGWSA-N (e)-4-oxo-4-phenylbut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PLPDHGOODMBBGN-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940048053 acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940018560 citraconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSJMDZAOKORVFC-UAIGNFCESA-L disodium maleate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O MSJMDZAOKORVFC-UAIGNFCESA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine monobromide Chemical compound IBr CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004354 sulfur functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
- G03C1/10—Organic substances
Definitions
- Agent used for this purpose have consisted for the most part in compounds of elements of the sulfur group and bio-chemica1 extracts.
- the present invention relates to a new class oi.
- photographic emulsions of the silver halide type may be treated with watersoluble salts of unsaturated lower aliphatic acids for the purpose of increasing the speed or sensitivity,
- Water-soluble salts of unsaturated lower aliphatic acids include monobasic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, benzoyl acrylic acid, furoyl acrylic acid and crotonic acid, and dibasic acids such as itaconlc acid, citraconic acid, and maleic acid.
- monobasic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, benzoyl acrylic acid, furoyl acrylic acid and crotonic acid
- dibasic acids such as itaconlc acid, citraconic acid, and maleic acid.
- Water-soluble salts of these acids which may be employed are the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts.
- the degree of increase in sensitivity obtained has been found to vary with the type of emulsion employed and with the nature and quantity of salt added.
- I'he addition agents of my invention may be employed with non-optically sensitized gelatino-silver halide emulsions or with emulsions sensitized with optical sensitizing dyes in the customary manner. In some instances the increase' in speed of the emulsion was accompanied by a.
- Suitable compounds for increasing the speed of silver halide emulsions according to my invention are the folowing:
- Example 1 lar emulsion to which had been added 10 grams per liter of emulsion of sodium acrylate.
- the emulsion to which the sodium acrylate had been added showed a sensitivity increase of about 60% without an appreciable increase in the gamma or fog level.
- the emulsions compared as follows:
- Example 2 Monomethyl-p-aminophenol sulfate grams 2.2 Hydroquinone do 8.8 Sodium sulfite (desiccated) do 96 Sodium carbonate (desiccated) do 48 Potassium bromide dO 5 Water to liter 1
- Example 2 A high speed optically sensitized emulsion of medium fine grain having a speed of 1320, a gamma of 0.74 and a fog level of 0.05 was compared with similar emulsions in which sodium acrylate and sodium methacrylate had been added in the amount of grams per liter of emulsions. A speed increase was noted as shown in the following table:
- the emulsions were developed for 12 minutes in the following developing solution:
- w/i Gamma speed Fog (heck .Q Emulsion with 5 g. sodium methucrylnte/ liter tained depends upon the quantity of the addition agent used. With these agents the speed increase varies from 25% to or more depending upon the'type of emulsion and the nature and quantity of the salt added.
- my addition agents will generally be used with gelatino-silver halide emulsions, such as emulsions of the bromide or bromo-iodide type, they may also be used with silver halide emulsions in which the carrier is aibumcn, collodion or other cellulose ester or synthetic resin, provided that there is considerable water in the emulsion to act as a solvent for the addition agent.
- the method of increasing the speed of a silver halide photographic emulsion which comprises adding thereto from 5 to 25 grams per liter of a water-soluble salt of an unsaturated, lower aliphatic acid.
- the method'of increasing the speed of a silver halide photographic emulsion which comprises adding thereto from 5 to 25 grams per liter of the sodium salt of an unsaturated, lower alipliatic acid.
- the method of increasing the speed of a silver halide photographic emulsion which comprises adding thereto from 5 to 25 grams per liter of a water-soluble salt of an unsaturated, lower aliphatic acid.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR956707D FR956707A (en, 2012) | 1943-03-06 | ||
| US478303A US2380280A (en) | 1943-03-06 | 1943-03-06 | Chemical sensitizing of emulsions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US478303A US2380280A (en) | 1943-03-06 | 1943-03-06 | Chemical sensitizing of emulsions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2380280A true US2380280A (en) | 1945-07-10 |
Family
ID=23899363
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US478303A Expired - Lifetime US2380280A (en) | 1943-03-06 | 1943-03-06 | Chemical sensitizing of emulsions |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2380280A (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR956707A (en, 2012) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3019104A (en) * | 1957-12-11 | 1962-01-30 | Polaroid Corp | Photographic products, processes, and compositions |
| US3038800A (en) * | 1957-12-19 | 1962-06-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photopolymerization of olefinicallyunsaturated monomers by silver halides |
| US3060022A (en) * | 1959-07-13 | 1962-10-23 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Image transfer process |
| US3312553A (en) * | 1963-10-30 | 1967-04-04 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Photographic materials |
| US3346383A (en) * | 1960-11-23 | 1967-10-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Image reproduction processes utilizing photopolymerization of vinyl monomer compositions comprising a metallic sulfide compound |
| US4853323A (en) * | 1985-10-16 | 1989-08-01 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide emulsion |
-
0
- FR FR956707D patent/FR956707A/fr not_active Expired
-
1943
- 1943-03-06 US US478303A patent/US2380280A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3019104A (en) * | 1957-12-11 | 1962-01-30 | Polaroid Corp | Photographic products, processes, and compositions |
| US3038800A (en) * | 1957-12-19 | 1962-06-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photopolymerization of olefinicallyunsaturated monomers by silver halides |
| US3060022A (en) * | 1959-07-13 | 1962-10-23 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Image transfer process |
| US3346383A (en) * | 1960-11-23 | 1967-10-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Image reproduction processes utilizing photopolymerization of vinyl monomer compositions comprising a metallic sulfide compound |
| US3312553A (en) * | 1963-10-30 | 1967-04-04 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Photographic materials |
| US4853323A (en) * | 1985-10-16 | 1989-08-01 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide emulsion |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR956707A (en, 2012) | 1950-02-06 |
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