US2380280A - Chemical sensitizing of emulsions - Google Patents

Chemical sensitizing of emulsions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2380280A
US2380280A US478303A US47830343A US2380280A US 2380280 A US2380280 A US 2380280A US 478303 A US478303 A US 478303A US 47830343 A US47830343 A US 47830343A US 2380280 A US2380280 A US 2380280A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sodium
emulsion
speed
emulsions
silver halide
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Expired - Lifetime
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US478303A
Inventor
Walter J Weyerts
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Priority to FR956707D priority Critical patent/FR956707A/fr
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US478303A priority patent/US2380280A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/10—Organic substances

Definitions

  • Agent used for this purpose have consisted for the most part in compounds of elements of the sulfur group and bio-chemica1 extracts.
  • the present invention relates to a new class oi.
  • photographic emulsions of the silver halide type may be treated with watersoluble salts of unsaturated lower aliphatic acids for the purpose of increasing the speed or sensitivity,
  • Water-soluble salts of unsaturated lower aliphatic acids include monobasic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, benzoyl acrylic acid, furoyl acrylic acid and crotonic acid, and dibasic acids such as itaconlc acid, citraconic acid, and maleic acid.
  • monobasic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, benzoyl acrylic acid, furoyl acrylic acid and crotonic acid
  • dibasic acids such as itaconlc acid, citraconic acid, and maleic acid.
  • Water-soluble salts of these acids which may be employed are the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts.
  • the degree of increase in sensitivity obtained has been found to vary with the type of emulsion employed and with the nature and quantity of salt added.
  • I'he addition agents of my invention may be employed with non-optically sensitized gelatino-silver halide emulsions or with emulsions sensitized with optical sensitizing dyes in the customary manner. In some instances the increase' in speed of the emulsion was accompanied by a.
  • Suitable compounds for increasing the speed of silver halide emulsions according to my invention are the folowing:
  • Example 1 lar emulsion to which had been added 10 grams per liter of emulsion of sodium acrylate.
  • the emulsion to which the sodium acrylate had been added showed a sensitivity increase of about 60% without an appreciable increase in the gamma or fog level.
  • the emulsions compared as follows:
  • Example 2 Monomethyl-p-aminophenol sulfate grams 2.2 Hydroquinone do 8.8 Sodium sulfite (desiccated) do 96 Sodium carbonate (desiccated) do 48 Potassium bromide dO 5 Water to liter 1
  • Example 2 A high speed optically sensitized emulsion of medium fine grain having a speed of 1320, a gamma of 0.74 and a fog level of 0.05 was compared with similar emulsions in which sodium acrylate and sodium methacrylate had been added in the amount of grams per liter of emulsions. A speed increase was noted as shown in the following table:
  • the emulsions were developed for 12 minutes in the following developing solution:
  • w/i Gamma speed Fog (heck .Q Emulsion with 5 g. sodium methucrylnte/ liter tained depends upon the quantity of the addition agent used. With these agents the speed increase varies from 25% to or more depending upon the'type of emulsion and the nature and quantity of the salt added.
  • my addition agents will generally be used with gelatino-silver halide emulsions, such as emulsions of the bromide or bromo-iodide type, they may also be used with silver halide emulsions in which the carrier is aibumcn, collodion or other cellulose ester or synthetic resin, provided that there is considerable water in the emulsion to act as a solvent for the addition agent.
  • the method of increasing the speed of a silver halide photographic emulsion which comprises adding thereto from 5 to 25 grams per liter of a water-soluble salt of an unsaturated, lower aliphatic acid.
  • the method'of increasing the speed of a silver halide photographic emulsion which comprises adding thereto from 5 to 25 grams per liter of the sodium salt of an unsaturated, lower alipliatic acid.
  • the method of increasing the speed of a silver halide photographic emulsion which comprises adding thereto from 5 to 25 grams per liter of a water-soluble salt of an unsaturated, lower aliphatic acid.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)

Description

Patented July 10, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,380,280 CHEMICAL ssssrnzmc or EMULSIONS No Drawing. Application March 6, 1943, Serial No. 478,303
12 Claims.
appreciably increasing the optical range of sensitization. Agent used for this purpose have consisted for the most part in compounds of elements of the sulfur group and bio-chemica1 extracts. The present invention relates to a new class oi.
compounds for the purpose of increasing the speed of photographic emulsions.
I have found that photographic emulsions of the silver halide type may be treated with watersoluble salts of unsaturated lower aliphatic acids for the purpose of increasing the speed or sensitivity,
Compounds suitable for this purpose are the water-soluble salts of unsaturated lower aliphatic acids. These include monobasic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, benzoyl acrylic acid, furoyl acrylic acid and crotonic acid, and dibasic acids such as itaconlc acid, citraconic acid, and maleic acid. Water-soluble salts of these acids which may be employed are the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts.
The degree of increase in sensitivity obtained has been found to vary with the type of emulsion employed and with the nature and quantity of salt added. I'he addition agents of my invention may be employed with non-optically sensitized gelatino-silver halide emulsions or with emulsions sensitized with optical sensitizing dyes in the customary manner. In some instances the increase' in speed of the emulsion was accompanied by a.
change in contrast as well, while in other cases little or no change in contrast was noted.
Suitable compounds for increasing the speed of silver halide emulsions according to my invention are the folowing:
CHFCHC 0 ONa Sodium acrylate CH: CHF=(B-C O 0 Na Sodium metbacrylate cmon==cnc 0 om Sodium crotonste C;H |C 0 GE -CHIC O 0N:-v Sodium benzoylacrylstc cH-CH H Hl-GH=CHCOON3 a-iuryl sodium acrylste CH:=C-Cv0 ONa Hr-C 0 ON a Sodium itoconetc C Hr-C C O 0 Na 0 H-0 0 O Na Sodium citraconate C 11-0 0 O Na (EH-C O ONa Sodium maleate My invention will be illustrated by reference to the following specific examples, in which the speed is expressed as ten times the reciprocal of 35 the inertia.
Example 1 lar emulsion to which had been added 10 grams per liter of emulsion of sodium acrylate. The emulsion to which the sodium acrylate had been added showed a sensitivity increase of about 60% without an appreciable increase in the gamma or fog level. The emulsions compared as follows:
lllji Gamma Fog Speed lllrckfln .H. 575 1.29 .06 Emulsion with log. sodium ucrylatezlitor I 020 1.55 .07
Both emulsions were developed for 4 minutes in the following developing solution:
Monomethyl-p-aminophenol sulfate grams 2.2 Hydroquinone do 8.8 Sodium sulfite (desiccated) do 96 Sodium carbonate (desiccated) do 48 Potassium bromide dO 5 Water to liter 1 Example 2 A high speed optically sensitized emulsion of medium fine grain having a speed of 1320, a gamma of 0.74 and a fog level of 0.05 was compared with similar emulsions in which sodium acrylate and sodium methacrylate had been added in the amount of grams per liter of emulsions. A speed increase was noted as shown in the following table:
10/i Gamma Fog Check Emulsion with 10 g. sodium acryIate/hter. Emulsion with 10 g. sodium methacrylate/liter.
The emulsions were developed for 12 minutes in the following developing solution:
I Monomethyl-p-aminophenol sulfate grams 2 Hydroquinone do 5 Sodium sulfite (desiccated) do 100 Borax do 2 Water to liter 1 Example 3 An optically sensitized gelatino-silver bromide emulsion having a speed of 1150, a gamma of 0.74
and a fog level of 0.05 was compared with a similar emulsion to which 5 grams of sodium methacrylate had been added per liter of emulsion. The results are shown inthe following table:
w/i Gamma speed Fog (heck .Q Emulsion with 5 g. sodium methucrylnte/ liter tained depends upon the quantity of the addition agent used. With these agents the speed increase varies from 25% to or more depending upon the'type of emulsion and the nature and quantity of the salt added.
While my addition agents will generally be used with gelatino-silver halide emulsions, such as emulsions of the bromide or bromo-iodide type, they may also be used with silver halide emulsions in which the carrier is aibumcn, collodion or other cellulose ester or synthetic resin, provided that there is considerable water in the emulsion to act as a solvent for the addition agent.
It will be understood that the above examples are illustrative only and that my invention is to be taken as limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
I claim:
l. The method of increasing the speed of a silver halide photographic emulsion, which comprises adding thereto from 5 to 25 grams per liter of a water-soluble salt of an unsaturated, lower aliphatic acid.
2. The method'of increasing the speed of a silver halide photographic emulsion, which comprises adding thereto from 5 to 25 grams per liter of the sodium salt of an unsaturated, lower alipliatic acid.
3. The method of increasing the speed of a silver halide photographic emulsion, which comprises adding thereto from 5 to 25 grams per liter of a water-soluble salt of an unsaturated, lower aliphatic acid.
4. The method of increasing the speed of a silver halide photographic emulsion, which comprises adding thereto from 5 to 25 grams per liter of the sodium salt of an acrylic acid.
5. The method of increasing thespeed of a gelatino-silver halide emulsion, which comprises adding thereto the sodium salt of acrylic acid in an amount sufficient to effect an appreciable sensitivity increase.
6. The method of increasing the speed of a gelatino-silver halide emulsion, which comprises adding thereto the sodium salt of methacrylic acid in an amount suflicient to eifect an appreciable sensitivit increase.
7. A gelatino-silver halide emulsion containing as a speed-increasing agent from 5 to 25 grams per liter of a water-soluble salt of an unsaturated. lower aliphatic acid.
8. A gelatino-silver halide emulsion containing as a speed-increasing agent from 5 to 25 grams per liter of the sodium salt of an unsaturated, lower monobasic acid.
9. A gelatino-silver halide emulsion containing as a speed-increasing agent from 5 to 25 grams per liter of the sodium salt of an acrylic acid.
10. A gelatino-silver halide emulsion containing as a speed-increasing agent from 5 to 25 grams per liter of the sodium salt of acrylic acid.
11. A gelatino-silver halide emulsion containing as a speed-increasing agent approximately 10 grams per liter acrylate.
12. A gelatino-silver halide emulsion containing as a speed-increasing agent approximately 10 grams per liter of wet emulsion of sodium methacrylate.
WALTER J WEYER'IS.
of wet emulsion of sodium
US478303A 1943-03-06 1943-03-06 Chemical sensitizing of emulsions Expired - Lifetime US2380280A (en)

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FR956707D FR956707A (en) 1943-03-06
US478303A US2380280A (en) 1943-03-06 1943-03-06 Chemical sensitizing of emulsions

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3019104A (en) * 1957-12-11 1962-01-30 Polaroid Corp Photographic products, processes, and compositions
US3038800A (en) * 1957-12-19 1962-06-12 Eastman Kodak Co Photopolymerization of olefinicallyunsaturated monomers by silver halides
US3060022A (en) * 1959-07-13 1962-10-23 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Image transfer process
US3312553A (en) * 1963-10-30 1967-04-04 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Photographic materials
US3346383A (en) * 1960-11-23 1967-10-10 Eastman Kodak Co Image reproduction processes utilizing photopolymerization of vinyl monomer compositions comprising a metallic sulfide compound
US4853323A (en) * 1985-10-16 1989-08-01 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide emulsion

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3019104A (en) * 1957-12-11 1962-01-30 Polaroid Corp Photographic products, processes, and compositions
US3038800A (en) * 1957-12-19 1962-06-12 Eastman Kodak Co Photopolymerization of olefinicallyunsaturated monomers by silver halides
US3060022A (en) * 1959-07-13 1962-10-23 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Image transfer process
US3346383A (en) * 1960-11-23 1967-10-10 Eastman Kodak Co Image reproduction processes utilizing photopolymerization of vinyl monomer compositions comprising a metallic sulfide compound
US3312553A (en) * 1963-10-30 1967-04-04 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Photographic materials
US4853323A (en) * 1985-10-16 1989-08-01 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide emulsion

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Publication number Publication date
FR956707A (en) 1950-02-06

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